{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2112474130","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2008.2011296","title":"Parallel-Connected Solar PV System to Address Partial and Rapidly Fluctuating Shadow Conditions","display_name":"Parallel-Connected Solar PV System to Address Partial and Rapidly Fluctuating Shadow Conditions","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-01-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2112474130","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2008.2011296","mag":"2112474130"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tie.2008.2011296","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2008.2011296","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58031724","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","issn_l":"0278-0046","issn":["0278-0046","1557-9948"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086184393","display_name":"Lijun Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3350-0362"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1295339012","display_name":"Boeing (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04sm5zn07","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1295339012"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lijun Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Boeing Aerospace Company, Seattle, WA, USA","Boeing Co., Seattle, WA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Boeing Aerospace Company, Seattle, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1295339012"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Boeing Co., Seattle, WA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1295339012"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035480508","display_name":"Roger A. Dougal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6152-1799"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155781252","display_name":"University of South Carolina","ror":"https://ror.org/02b6qw903","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155781252"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R.A. Dougal","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA","University of South Carolina; Columbia; SC"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155781252"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of South Carolina; Columbia; SC","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155781252"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100603133","display_name":"Shengyi Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1912-9774"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1295339012","display_name":"Boeing (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04sm5zn07","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1295339012"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shengyi Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Boeing Aerospace Company, Seattle, WA, USA","Boeing Co., Seattle, WA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Boeing Aerospace Company, Seattle, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1295339012"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Boeing Co., Seattle, WA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1295339012"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028631485","display_name":"A.P. Iotova","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155781252","display_name":"University of South Carolina","ror":"https://ror.org/02b6qw903","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155781252"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A.P. Iotova","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA","University of South Carolina; Columbia; SC"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155781252"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of South Carolina; Columbia; SC","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155781252"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5086184393"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1295339012"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":12.9452,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":453,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98997458,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"56","issue":"5","first_page":"1548","last_page":"1556"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10468","display_name":"Photovoltaic System Optimization Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10468","display_name":"Photovoltaic System Optimization Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12309","display_name":"solar cell performance optimization","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12838","display_name":"Photovoltaic Systems and Sustainability","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photovoltaic-system","display_name":"Photovoltaic system","score":0.8262354135513306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maximum-power-point-tracking","display_name":"Maximum power point tracking","score":0.6612423658370972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maximum-power-principle","display_name":"Maximum power principle","score":0.5848209857940674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid-connected-photovoltaic-power-system","display_name":"Grid-connected photovoltaic power system","score":0.5726655721664429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shading","display_name":"Shading","score":0.5685276389122009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/irradiance","display_name":"Irradiance","score":0.5368004441261292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.535454273223877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solar-micro-inverter","display_name":"Solar micro-inverter","score":0.48538243770599365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/series-and-parallel-circuits","display_name":"Series and parallel circuits","score":0.4724840521812439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.45870789885520935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solar-tracker","display_name":"Solar tracker","score":0.4581663906574249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solar-irradiance","display_name":"Solar irradiance","score":0.4477722644805908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.4353697597980499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solar-energy","display_name":"Solar energy","score":0.4305494725704193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solar-cell","display_name":"Solar cell","score":0.41195154190063477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3819822669029236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3397061228752136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.321493923664093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.17366191744804382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.16570845246315002}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41291067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1897785","display_name":"Photovoltaic system","level":2,"score":0.8262354135513306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36139824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1052007","display_name":"Maximum power point tracking","level":4,"score":0.6612423658370972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116615679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6795908","display_name":"Maximum power principle","level":3,"score":0.5848209857940674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195697387","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5608561","display_name":"Grid-connected photovoltaic power system","level":5,"score":0.5726655721664429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177515723","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1191981","display_name":"Shading","level":2,"score":0.5685276389122009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46423501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830654","display_name":"Irradiance","level":2,"score":0.5368004441261292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.535454273223877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53954817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7556716","display_name":"Solar micro-inverter","level":5,"score":0.48538243770599365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95023266","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55738334","display_name":"Series and parallel circuits","level":3,"score":0.4724840521812439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.45870789885520935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119338728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q938237","display_name":"Solar tracker","level":3,"score":0.4581663906574249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9695528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7556707","display_name":"Solar irradiance","level":2,"score":0.4477722644805908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4353697597980499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C541104983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40015","display_name":"Solar energy","level":2,"score":0.4305494725704193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780824857","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q58803","display_name":"Solar cell","level":2,"score":0.41195154190063477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3819822669029236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3397061228752136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.321493923664093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.17366191744804382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.16570845246315002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11190779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q664575","display_name":"Inverter","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91586092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q757520","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tie.2008.2011296","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2008.2011296","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58031724","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","issn_l":"0278-0046","issn":["0278-0046","1557-9948"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8999999761581421}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1589194756","https://openalex.org/W1951170403","https://openalex.org/W1981274891","https://openalex.org/W1993532449","https://openalex.org/W2009002756","https://openalex.org/W2027475757","https://openalex.org/W2039815011","https://openalex.org/W2040882982","https://openalex.org/W2060744760","https://openalex.org/W2087088226","https://openalex.org/W2089330262","https://openalex.org/W2091114511","https://openalex.org/W2097163000","https://openalex.org/W2098339811","https://openalex.org/W2100756619","https://openalex.org/W2103037962","https://openalex.org/W2103176034","https://openalex.org/W2104737561","https://openalex.org/W2109490242","https://openalex.org/W2117589390","https://openalex.org/W2131725265","https://openalex.org/W2134635139","https://openalex.org/W2134918040","https://openalex.org/W2136030550","https://openalex.org/W2139327983","https://openalex.org/W2144001553","https://openalex.org/W2144576963","https://openalex.org/W2149295419","https://openalex.org/W2163428336","https://openalex.org/W2166969420","https://openalex.org/W2179727534","https://openalex.org/W2226754215","https://openalex.org/W4299908858","https://openalex.org/W4302061079"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2309951074","https://openalex.org/W2470406674","https://openalex.org/W4210386674","https://openalex.org/W3184632051","https://openalex.org/W3165699790","https://openalex.org/W2168297191","https://openalex.org/W4381300298","https://openalex.org/W2911519009","https://openalex.org/W3167317286","https://openalex.org/W3113225044"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Solar":[0],"photovoltaic":[1],"(PV)":[2],"arrays":[3],"in":[4,119,163,197],"portable":[5,89],"applications":[6],"are":[7,149],"often":[8],"subject":[9],"to":[10,151],"partial":[11],"shading":[12,58],"and":[13,74,103,139,160,208],"rapid":[14],"fluctuations":[15],"of":[16,43,56,97,109,127,130,185],"shading.":[17],"In":[18,85],"the":[19,24,46,57,83,98,112,120,174,178,186],"usual":[20],"series-connected":[21],"wiring":[22],"scheme,":[23],"residual":[25],"energy":[26],"generated":[27,114,176],"by":[28,115,177],"partially":[29],"shaded":[30],"cells":[31,50],"either":[32],"cannot":[33],"be":[34,194],"collected":[35],"(if":[36,51],"diode":[37],"bypassed)":[38],"or,":[39],"worse,":[40],"impedes":[41],"collection":[42],"power":[44,62,113,137,175],"from":[45],"remaining":[47],"fully":[48],"illuminated":[49],"not":[52],"bypassed).":[53],"Rapid":[54],"fluctuation":[55],"pattern":[59],"makes":[60],"maximum":[61],"point":[63],"(MPP)":[64],"tracking":[65],"difficult;":[66],"generally,":[67],"there":[68],"will":[69,77],"exist":[70],"multiple":[71],"local":[72],"MPPs,":[73],"their":[75],"values":[76],"change":[78],"as":[79,81,202],"rapidly":[80],"does":[82],"illumination.":[84],"this":[86,164],"paper,":[87],"a":[88,134,140],"solar":[90,190],"PV":[91,117,121,132,147,154,191,203],"system":[92,106,192],"that":[93,184],"effectively":[94],"eliminates":[95],"both":[96,157],"aforementioned":[99],"problems":[100],"is":[101,107,181],"described":[102],"proven.":[104],"This":[105],"capable":[108],"simultaneously":[110],"maximizing":[111],"every":[116],"cell":[118,206],"panel.":[122],"The":[123,189],"proposed":[124],"configuration":[125,180],"consists":[126],"an":[128],"array":[129],"parallel-connected":[131],"cells,":[133],"low-input-voltage":[135],"step-up":[136],"converter,":[138],"simple":[141],"wide":[142],"bandwidth":[143],"MPP":[144],"tracker.":[145],"Parallel-configured":[146],"systems":[148,155],"compared":[150],"traditional":[152,187],"series-configured":[153],"through":[156],"hardware":[158],"experiments":[159],"computer":[161],"simulations":[162],"paper.":[165],"Study":[166],"results":[167],"demonstrate":[168],"that,":[169],"under":[170],"complex":[171],"irradiance":[172],"conditions,":[173],"new":[179],"approximately":[182],"twice":[183],"configuration.":[188],"can":[193],"widely":[195],"used":[196],"many":[198],"consumer":[199],"applications,":[200],"such":[201],"vests":[204],"for":[205],"phones":[207],"music":[209],"players.":[210]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":33},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":40},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":39},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":45},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":46},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":36}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}