{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4411203414","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/thms.2025.3573243","title":"Formalizing Motion Plan Legibility Using Empirical Manual Takeover Data in Autonomous Spacecraft Docking","display_name":"Formalizing Motion Plan Legibility Using Empirical Manual Takeover Data in Autonomous Spacecraft Docking","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-06-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4411203414","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/thms.2025.3573243"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/thms.2025.3573243","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/thms.2025.3573243","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2476799526","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Human-Machine Systems","issn_l":"2168-2291","issn":["2168-2291","2168-2305"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Human-Machine Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033325864","display_name":"Hannah Larson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4732-5534"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hannah Larson","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4732-5534","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043919348","display_name":"Leia Stirling","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0119-1617"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leia Stirling","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0119-1617","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.6116,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9496724,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"55","issue":"4","first_page":"619","last_page":"628"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14214","display_name":"Space Exploration and Technology","score":0.9829999804496765,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14214","display_name":"Space Exploration and Technology","score":0.9829999804496765,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10525","display_name":"Human-Automation Interaction and Safety","score":0.9818999767303467,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11701","display_name":"Space Satellite Systems and Control","score":0.9607999920845032,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/legibility","display_name":"Legibility","score":0.91570645570755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spacecraft","display_name":"Spacecraft","score":0.6858717799186707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/docking","display_name":"Docking (animal)","score":0.6153147220611572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5274731516838074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plan","display_name":"Plan (archaeology)","score":0.4974205791950226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.23987063765525818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerospace-engineering","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","score":0.2042536735534668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.14764782786369324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.1424630880355835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/archaeology","display_name":"Archaeology","score":0.0616416335105896}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779332521","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1820694","display_name":"Legibility","level":2,"score":0.91570645570755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29829512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40218","display_name":"Spacecraft","level":2,"score":0.6858717799186707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41685203","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1974042","display_name":"Docking (animal)","level":2,"score":0.6153147220611572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5274731516838074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776505523","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4785468","display_name":"Plan (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.4974205791950226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.23987063765525818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.2042536735534668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.14764782786369324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.1424630880355835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0616416335105896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112698675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37038","display_name":"Advertising","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159110408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176","display_name":"Nursing","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/thms.2025.3573243","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/thms.2025.3573243","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2476799526","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Human-Machine Systems","issn_l":"2168-2291","issn":["2168-2291","2168-2305"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Human-Machine Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Climate action","score":0.4300000071525574,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1979813878","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"80 NSSC20K0409","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","funder_display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/027ka1x80"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W590143991","https://openalex.org/W1726426282","https://openalex.org/W1946851622","https://openalex.org/W1981856831","https://openalex.org/W1982648044","https://openalex.org/W1990817808","https://openalex.org/W2010162373","https://openalex.org/W2011343364","https://openalex.org/W2016721335","https://openalex.org/W2017896993","https://openalex.org/W2026272086","https://openalex.org/W2032218582","https://openalex.org/W2032648383","https://openalex.org/W2056694797","https://openalex.org/W2074331253","https://openalex.org/W2085546750","https://openalex.org/W2089952735","https://openalex.org/W2091616860","https://openalex.org/W2092447676","https://openalex.org/W2110065044","https://openalex.org/W2133552987","https://openalex.org/W2134765105","https://openalex.org/W2146948159","https://openalex.org/W2157289187","https://openalex.org/W2160981941","https://openalex.org/W2161304996","https://openalex.org/W2306423372","https://openalex.org/W2340043522","https://openalex.org/W2536794383","https://openalex.org/W2546655401","https://openalex.org/W2569662684","https://openalex.org/W2579937995","https://openalex.org/W2603471005","https://openalex.org/W2618447614","https://openalex.org/W2919609362","https://openalex.org/W2947652593","https://openalex.org/W3039985693","https://openalex.org/W3043202512","https://openalex.org/W3199925418","https://openalex.org/W3208343212","https://openalex.org/W4205882492","https://openalex.org/W4248056173","https://openalex.org/W4251170678","https://openalex.org/W4285247451","https://openalex.org/W4383097456","https://openalex.org/W4388272278","https://openalex.org/W4388574406","https://openalex.org/W4392562957","https://openalex.org/W4401517479","https://openalex.org/W6861462938"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W565076200","https://openalex.org/W2473574490","https://openalex.org/W2406065423","https://openalex.org/W4386523255","https://openalex.org/W2088472827","https://openalex.org/W1480515846","https://openalex.org/W1498732016"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Spacecraft":[0],"rendezvous":[1,64],"and":[2,27,47,65,114,133,139,177,187,191],"docking":[3,66],"maneuvers":[4,74],"are":[5,34,75],"becoming":[6],"highly":[7],"automated":[8,63,83],"in":[9,78,220,228,244],"an":[10,147],"attempt":[11],"to":[12,22,44,54,97,109,197,211],"decrease":[13],"astronaut":[14,42],"workload,":[15],"but":[16,85],"still":[17],"require":[18],"a":[19,45,163],"human":[20,161],"supervisor":[21,198],"continually":[23],"monitor":[24],"the":[25,56,90,94,102,157,160,167,207,212,221],"system":[26,239],"manually":[28],"take":[29],"over":[30],"control":[31],"when":[32,113],"systems":[33,231],"not":[35],"performing":[36],"as":[37,82],"expected.":[38],"This":[39,99],"requirement":[40],"shifts":[41],"workload":[43,243],"monitoring":[46,149],"failure-mitigation":[48],"task,":[49],"which":[50],"must":[51],"be":[52],"characterized":[53],"assess":[55],"influence":[57,93,136],"of":[58,71,104,125,130,184,200,218,225],"this":[59,233],"task":[60,246],"shift":[61],"for":[62,152],"(ARD).":[67],"The":[68,142,202],"physical":[69],"performance":[70,227],"manual":[72,118,164],"takeover":[73,140,165,188],"well":[76],"studied":[77],"other":[79],"fields,":[80],"such":[81],"vehicles,":[84],"less":[86],"is":[87],"known":[88],"about":[89],"factors":[91],"that":[92,122,172,241],"decision":[95,189],"leading":[96],"takeover.":[98,119],"study":[100,143,234],"operationalizes":[101],"concept":[103],"automation":[105],"legibility":[106,138,153,186,194],"(i.e.,":[107],"intent-expression)":[108],"gain":[110],"insight":[111],"into":[112],"where":[115,159],"supervisors":[116],"initiate":[117],"We":[120],"hypothesized":[121],"fundamental":[123],"aspects":[124],"autonomous":[126,178],"agent":[127,179],"path":[128,134,137,175,185,213],"planning":[129],"initial":[131,173],"condition":[132],"curvature":[135],"decision-making.":[141],"had$N=33$participants":[144],"who":[145],"performed":[146],"ARD":[148,168,238,245],"task.":[150],"Metrics":[151],"were":[154,181],"defined":[155],"using":[156],"positions,":[158],"initiated":[162],"along":[166],"path.":[169],"Results":[170],"support":[171],"condition,":[174],"curvature,":[176],"heading":[180],"interacting":[182],"predictors":[183],"timing":[190],"location.":[192],"Increased":[193],"was":[195],"correlated":[196],"perceptions":[199],"path-appropriateness.":[201],"most":[203],"legible":[204],"paths":[205],"aligned":[206],"supervisor\u2019s":[208,222],"egocentric":[209],"viewpoint":[210],"goal,":[214],"while":[215],"putting":[216],"targets":[217],"avoidance":[219],"periphery.":[223],"Characterizations":[224],"cooperative":[226],"human-automation":[229],"interaction":[230],"from":[232],"can":[235],"inform":[236],"future":[237],"design":[240],"mitigates":[242],"performance.":[247]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-08-01T09:00:35.917206","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
