{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4377000505","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/thms.2023.3269047","title":"A Novel Skeleton-Based Human Activity Discovery Using Particle Swarm Optimization With Gaussian Mutation","display_name":"A Novel Skeleton-Based Human Activity Discovery Using Particle Swarm Optimization With Gaussian Mutation","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-05-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4377000505","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/thms.2023.3269047"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/thms.2023.3269047","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/thms.2023.3269047","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2476799526","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Human-Machine Systems","issn_l":"2168-2291","issn":["2168-2291","2168-2305"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Human-Machine Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/thms.2023.3269047","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039712455","display_name":"Parham Hadikhani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4832-4368"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189462010","display_name":"Universiti Brunei Darussalam","ror":"https://ror.org/02qnf3n86","country_code":"BN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189462010"]}],"countries":["BN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Parham Hadikhani","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Digital Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong, Brunei"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4832-4368","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Digital Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong, Brunei","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189462010"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110190122","display_name":"Daphne Teck Ching Lai","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189462010","display_name":"Universiti Brunei Darussalam","ror":"https://ror.org/02qnf3n86","country_code":"BN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189462010"]}],"countries":["BN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daphne Teck Ching Lai","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Digital Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong, Brunei"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8290-8941","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Digital Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong, Brunei","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189462010"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007392788","display_name":"Wee-Hong Ong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2667-1980"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189462010","display_name":"Universiti Brunei Darussalam","ror":"https://ror.org/02qnf3n86","country_code":"BN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189462010"]}],"countries":["BN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wee-Hong Ong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Digital Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong, Brunei"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2667-1980","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Digital Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong, Brunei","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189462010"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5039712455"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189462010"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2952,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82150035,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"53","issue":"3","first_page":"538","last_page":"548"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10812","display_name":"Human Pose and Action Recognition","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10812","display_name":"Human Pose and Action Recognition","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10444","display_name":"Context-Aware Activity Recognition Systems","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6424622535705566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/centroid","display_name":"Centroid","score":0.5837633013725281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5299811363220215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particle-swarm-optimization","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","score":0.527073085308075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preprocessor","display_name":"Preprocessor","score":0.4922586977481842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.47817784547805786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4501882493495941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3974137008190155}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6424622535705566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146599234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q511093","display_name":"Centroid","level":2,"score":0.5837633013725281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5299811363220215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85617194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2072794","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","level":2,"score":0.527073085308075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34736171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918333","display_name":"Preprocessor","level":2,"score":0.4922586977481842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.47817784547805786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4501882493495941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3974137008190155}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/thms.2023.3269047","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/thms.2023.3269047","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2476799526","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Human-Machine Systems","issn_l":"2168-2291","issn":["2168-2291","2168-2305"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Human-Machine Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/thms.2023.3269047","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/thms.2023.3269047","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2476799526","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Human-Machine Systems","issn_l":"2168-2291","issn":["2168-2291","2168-2305"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Human-Machine Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G115701043","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"UBD/RSCH/1.11/FICBF(b)/2019/001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311019","funder_display_name":"Universiti Brunei Darussalam"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6839485721","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"UBD/RSCH/1.18/FICBF(a)/2022/004","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311019","funder_display_name":"Universiti Brunei Darussalam"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311019","display_name":"Universiti Brunei Darussalam","ror":"https://ror.org/02qnf3n86"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":68,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W159969481","https://openalex.org/W203345490","https://openalex.org/W1739094370","https://openalex.org/W1984798172","https://openalex.org/W2017695267","https://openalex.org/W2030540300","https://openalex.org/W2052648922","https://openalex.org/W2054834816","https://openalex.org/W2064103901","https://openalex.org/W2113853667","https://openalex.org/W2124449497","https://openalex.org/W2143267104","https://openalex.org/W2143379662","https://openalex.org/W2145546283","https://openalex.org/W2145962650","https://openalex.org/W2151047074","https://openalex.org/W2152195021","https://openalex.org/W2181365890","https://openalex.org/W2184544926","https://openalex.org/W2533545350","https://openalex.org/W2883594635","https://openalex.org/W2895824136","https://openalex.org/W2948058585","https://openalex.org/W2962722475","https://openalex.org/W2963465695","https://openalex.org/W2965415593","https://openalex.org/W2970565929","https://openalex.org/W2970567068","https://openalex.org/W2973175805","https://openalex.org/W2979736100","https://openalex.org/W2979780451","https://openalex.org/W2980008268","https://openalex.org/W3000408165","https://openalex.org/W3000905812","https://openalex.org/W3009950717","https://openalex.org/W3011732937","https://openalex.org/W3017424189","https://openalex.org/W3023646756","https://openalex.org/W3023772966","https://openalex.org/W3034548564","https://openalex.org/W3034999503","https://openalex.org/W3092287280","https://openalex.org/W3110446398","https://openalex.org/W3119171349","https://openalex.org/W3119584695","https://openalex.org/W3126195189","https://openalex.org/W3137665052","https://openalex.org/W3138622452","https://openalex.org/W3139193079","https://openalex.org/W3157619882","https://openalex.org/W3162213370","https://openalex.org/W3169978599","https://openalex.org/W3173132072","https://openalex.org/W3184980526","https://openalex.org/W3195222256","https://openalex.org/W3202535612","https://openalex.org/W4210292036","https://openalex.org/W4223432987","https://openalex.org/W4280556554","https://openalex.org/W4285805172","https://openalex.org/W4313291093","https://openalex.org/W4378639082","https://openalex.org/W6606516132","https://openalex.org/W6608276133","https://openalex.org/W6655019712","https://openalex.org/W6685583355","https://openalex.org/W6728550200","https://openalex.org/W6767571900"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2391959412","https://openalex.org/W2380927352","https://openalex.org/W2066259560","https://openalex.org/W2262783296","https://openalex.org/W2044946994","https://openalex.org/W4211209597","https://openalex.org/W2126100045","https://openalex.org/W2043754618","https://openalex.org/W4327796109","https://openalex.org/W3005023910"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Human":[0],"activity":[1,23,41,66,120],"discovery":[2,67],"aims":[3],"to":[4,38,44,167,194,221],"cluster":[5],"human":[6,22,40,52,65,119],"activities":[7,219],"without":[8],"any":[9],"prior":[10],"knowledge":[11],"of":[12,51,104,140,189,201,233],"what":[13],"defines":[14],"each":[15,199],"activity.":[16],"However,":[17],"most":[18],"existing":[19],"methods":[20,117],"for":[21,31,64,118,174],"recognition":[24],"are":[25],"supervised,":[26],"relying":[27],"on":[28,84,132,206],"labeled":[29],"inputs":[30],"training.":[32],"In":[33],"reality,":[34],"it":[35],"is":[36,125,164,172,192],"challenging":[37],"label":[39],"data":[42,76],"due":[43],"its":[45,175],"large":[46],"volume":[47],"and":[48,87,98,128,161,180],"the":[49,102,105,108,122,137,142,169,186,195,211],"diversity":[50],"activities.":[53,170],"To":[54,100,135,183],"address":[55],"this":[56,58],"issue,":[57],"article":[59],"proposes":[60],"an":[61,228],"unsupervised":[62,127],"framework":[63,73,109,124,143,213,226],"in":[68,217,231],"3-D":[69],"skeleton":[70],"sequences.":[71],"The":[72,152,203,225],"includes":[74],"a":[75,145],"preprocessing":[77],"step":[78],"that":[79,210],"selects":[80],"important":[81],"frames":[82],"based":[83],"kinetic":[85],"energy":[86],"extracts":[88],"relevant":[89],"features,":[90,107],"such":[91],"as":[92],"joint":[93],"displacement,":[94,96],"statistical":[95],"angles,":[97],"orientation.":[99],"reduce":[101],"dimensionality":[103],"extracted":[106],"uses":[110,144],"principle":[111],"component":[112],"analysis.":[113],"Unlike":[114],"many":[115],"other":[116,222],"discovery,":[121],"proposed":[123,166,212],"fully":[126],"does":[129],"not":[130],"rely":[131],"presegmented":[133],"videos.":[134],"segment":[136],"time":[138,147],"series":[139],"activities,":[141],"sliding":[146],"window":[148],"with":[149,158],"some":[150],"overlapping.":[151],"hybrid":[153],"particle":[154],"swarm":[155],"optimization":[156],"(PSO)":[157],"Gaussian":[159],"mutation":[160],"K-means":[162,191],"algorithm":[163],"then":[165],"discover":[168],"PSO":[171],"chosen":[173],"powerful":[176],"global":[177],"search":[178],"capability":[179],"simple":[181],"implementation.":[182],"further":[184],"improve":[185],"convergence":[187],"rate":[188],"PSO,":[190],"applied":[193],"outcome":[196],"centroids":[197],"from":[198],"iteration":[200],"PSO.":[202],"experimental":[204],"results":[205],"five":[207],"datasets":[208],"demonstrate":[209],"has":[214],"superior":[215],"performance":[216],"discovering":[218],"compared":[220],"state-of-the-art":[223],"methods.":[224],"achieves":[227],"average":[229],"increase":[230],"accuracy":[232],"at":[234],"least":[235],"4%.":[236]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
