{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4200065921","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/thms.2021.3113643","title":"Can a Chatbot Comfort Humans? Studying the Impact of a Supportive Chatbot on Users\u2019 Self-Perceived Stress","display_name":"Can a Chatbot Comfort Humans? Studying the Impact of a Supportive Chatbot on Users\u2019 Self-Perceived Stress","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-12-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4200065921","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/thms.2021.3113643"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/thms.2021.3113643","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/thms.2021.3113643","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2476799526","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Human-Machine Systems","issn_l":"2168-2291","issn":["2168-2291","2168-2305"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Human-Machine Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://research.vu.nl/files/220042657/Can_a_Chatbot_Comfort_Humans.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043927345","display_name":"Lenin Medeiros","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7626-901X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145872427","display_name":"Radboud University Nijmegen","ror":"https://ror.org/016xsfp80","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145872427"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I865915315","display_name":"Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam","ror":"https://ror.org/008xxew50","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I865915315"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lenin Medeiros","raw_affiliation_strings":["Communication & Media Group, Radboud Universiteit, Nijmegen, GD, The Netherlands","Social AI Group, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, HV, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7626-901X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Communication & Media Group, Radboud Universiteit, Nijmegen, GD, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145872427"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Social AI Group, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, HV, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I865915315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067984774","display_name":"Tibor Bosse","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4233-0406"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145872427","display_name":"Radboud University Nijmegen","ror":"https://ror.org/016xsfp80","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145872427"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tibor Bosse","raw_affiliation_strings":["Communication and Media Group, Radboud Universiteit, Universiteit, Nijmegen, GD, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4233-0406","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Communication and Media Group, Radboud Universiteit, Universiteit, Nijmegen, GD, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145872427"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067019325","display_name":"Charlotte Gerritsen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5911-6353"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I865915315","display_name":"Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam","ror":"https://ror.org/008xxew50","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I865915315"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Charlotte Gerritsen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Social AI Group, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, HV, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Social AI Group, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, HV, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I865915315"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.0544,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":59,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92295649,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"52","issue":"3","first_page":"343","last_page":"353"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13219","display_name":"Mind wandering and attention","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13219","display_name":"Mind wandering and attention","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11519","display_name":"Digital Mental Health Interventions","score":0.9939000010490417,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3202","display_name":"Applied Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10667","display_name":"Emotion and Mood Recognition","score":0.9855999946594238,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chatbot","display_name":"Chatbot","score":0.9839329719543457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stress","display_name":"Stress (linguistics)","score":0.5002050399780273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.48934119939804077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.32010048627853394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.2966104745864868}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779041454","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q870780","display_name":"Chatbot","level":2,"score":0.9839329719543457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21036866","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181767","display_name":"Stress (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5002050399780273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.48934119939804077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.32010048627853394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.2966104745864868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/thms.2021.3113643","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/thms.2021.3113643","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2476799526","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Human-Machine Systems","issn_l":"2168-2291","issn":["2168-2291","2168-2305"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Human-Machine Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:research.vu.nl:publications/223446e8-0d42-4434-a78b-d6ad98ad144a","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.vu.nl/en/publications/223446e8-0d42-4434-a78b-d6ad98ad144a","pdf_url":"https://research.vu.nl/files/220042657/Can_a_Chatbot_Comfort_Humans.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401107","display_name":"VU Research Portal","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I865915315","host_organization_name":"Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I865915315"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Medeiros, L, Bosse, T & Gerritsen, C 2022, 'Can a Chatbot Comfort Humans? Studying the Impact of a Supportive Chatbot on Users' Self-Perceived Stress', IEEE Transactions on Human-Machine Systems, vol. 52, no. 3, pp. 343-353. https://doi.org/10.1109/THMS.2021.3113643","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.ubn.ru.nl:2066/242397","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/handle/2066/242397","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401067","display_name":"Radboud Repository (Radboud University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I145872427","host_organization_name":"Radboud University Nijmegen","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145872427"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article / Letter to editor"},{"id":"pmh:oai:research.vu.nl:openaire_cris_publications/223446e8-0d42-4434-a78b-d6ad98ad144a","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1871.1/223446e8-0d42-4434-a78b-d6ad98ad144a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401107","display_name":"VU Research Portal","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I865915315","host_organization_name":"Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I865915315"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Medeiros, L, Bosse, T & Gerritsen, C 2022, 'Can a Chatbot Comfort Humans? Studying the Impact of a Supportive Chatbot on Users' Self-Perceived Stress', IEEE Transactions on Human-Machine Systems, vol. 52, no. 3, pp. 343-353. https://doi.org/10.1109/THMS.2021.3113643","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:ru:oai:repository.ubn.ru.nl:2066/242397","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2066/242397","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401843","display_name":"Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1322597698","host_organization_name":"Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322597698"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Human-Machine Systems, 52, 343 - 353","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:research.vu.nl:publications/223446e8-0d42-4434-a78b-d6ad98ad144a","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.vu.nl/en/publications/223446e8-0d42-4434-a78b-d6ad98ad144a","pdf_url":"https://research.vu.nl/files/220042657/Can_a_Chatbot_Comfort_Humans.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401107","display_name":"VU Research Portal","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I865915315","host_organization_name":"Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I865915315"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Medeiros, L, Bosse, T & Gerritsen, C 2022, 'Can a Chatbot Comfort Humans? Studying the Impact of a Supportive Chatbot on Users' Self-Perceived Stress', IEEE Transactions on Human-Machine Systems, vol. 52, no. 3, pp. 343-353. https://doi.org/10.1109/THMS.2021.3113643","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G873814772","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"235134/2014-7","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322025","funder_display_name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322025","display_name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","ror":"https://ror.org/03swz6y49"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336557","display_name":"Ci\u00eancia sem Fronteiras","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4200065921.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4200065921.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W128062115","https://openalex.org/W565200239","https://openalex.org/W1545407019","https://openalex.org/W1841352775","https://openalex.org/W1889777305","https://openalex.org/W1995008066","https://openalex.org/W2011280358","https://openalex.org/W2028029365","https://openalex.org/W2028084635","https://openalex.org/W2031917872","https://openalex.org/W2036735145","https://openalex.org/W2054560711","https://openalex.org/W2055461003","https://openalex.org/W2061731700","https://openalex.org/W2076989722","https://openalex.org/W2082490605","https://openalex.org/W2096423181","https://openalex.org/W2099386544","https://openalex.org/W2127097032","https://openalex.org/W2128126978","https://openalex.org/W2157985609","https://openalex.org/W2480463994","https://openalex.org/W2520399217","https://openalex.org/W2536388922","https://openalex.org/W2593617966","https://openalex.org/W2623779865","https://openalex.org/W2801150160","https://openalex.org/W2801574196","https://openalex.org/W2806174594","https://openalex.org/W2889335577","https://openalex.org/W2924915758","https://openalex.org/W2987432768","https://openalex.org/W3039421121","https://openalex.org/W6738417213","https://openalex.org/W6748877180"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W4383501580","https://openalex.org/W4214931137","https://openalex.org/W4313813117","https://openalex.org/W4382052417","https://openalex.org/W3192088754","https://openalex.org/W4387007686","https://openalex.org/W3084631705"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"article":[1],"is":[2,62,109,121],"part":[3],"of":[4,11,27,179,197],"a":[5,25,33,76,139,180,185,188],"project":[6],"that":[7,149,175],"explores":[8],"the":[9,50,55,96,104,107,115,119,129,150,156,160,166,176,195,198],"potential":[10],"chatbots":[12],"for":[13,46,89],"providing":[14],"online":[15],"emotional":[16,47],"support":[17,102,108,113,120,182],"to":[18,21,38,57,83,173],"humans":[19,44],"tailored":[20],"stressors.":[22],"Based":[23],"on":[24,138],"number":[26],"empirical":[28],"studies,":[29],"we":[30,53,74],"have":[31,39],"developed":[32],"socially":[34],"interactive":[35],"agent":[36],"able":[37],"simple":[40],"dialogues":[41],"with":[42,68,85],"stressed":[43],"seeking":[45],"support.":[48,127],"In":[49],"current":[51],"article,":[52],"address":[54],"question":[56],"what":[58],"extent":[59],"this":[60,72],"chatbot":[61,88],"effective":[63],"in":[64,78,155,165],"helping":[65],"users":[66],"cope":[67],"stressful":[69],"situations.":[70],"To":[71],"end,":[73],"present":[75],"study":[77],"which":[79],"participants":[80],"were":[81],"asked":[82],"interact":[84],"our":[86],"proposed":[87],"three":[90,98,130],"days.":[91],"Participants":[92],"are":[93,136,153,163],"distributed":[94],"over":[95],"following":[97],"conditions\u2014namely:":[99],"1)":[100],"receiving":[101,112,125],"from":[103,114],"chatbot,":[105,116],"knowing":[106],"computer-generated;":[110],"2)":[111],"while":[117,159],"believing":[118],"human-generated;":[122],"3)":[123],"not":[124],"any":[126],"During":[128],"days,":[131],"participants\u2019":[132],"self-reported":[133],"stress":[134,181],"levels":[135],"measured":[137],"daily":[140],"basis":[141],"before":[142],"and":[143],"after":[144],"each":[145],"interaction.":[146],"Results":[147],"indicate":[148],"best":[151],"results":[152,162],"obtained":[154,164],"\u2018human\u2019":[157],"condition,":[158],"worst":[161],"\u201ccomputer\u201d":[167],"condition.":[168],"These":[169],"findings":[170],"lead":[171],"us":[172],"conclude":[174],"presumed":[177],"sender":[178],"message":[183],"(i.e.,":[184],"human":[186],"or":[187],"computer)":[189],"might":[190],"be":[191],"more":[192],"important":[193],"than":[194],"content":[196],"message.":[199]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}