{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3111421989","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/thms.2020.3038339","title":"EEG Correlates of Difficulty Levels in Dynamical Transitions of Simulated Flying and Mapping Tasks","display_name":"EEG Correlates of Difficulty Levels in Dynamical Transitions of Simulated Flying and Mapping Tasks","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-12-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3111421989","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/thms.2020.3038339","mag":"3111421989"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/thms.2020.3038339","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/thms.2020.3038339","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2476799526","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Human-Machine Systems","issn_l":"2168-2291","issn":["2168-2291","2168-2305"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Human-Machine Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://infoscience.epfl.ch/bitstreams/ccc0a0ad-a7d6-4835-ad9b-2b0b53a775dc/download","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087506923","display_name":"Ping-Keng Jao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1715-8472"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5124864","display_name":"\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne","ror":"https://ror.org/02s376052","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ping-Keng Jao","raw_affiliation_strings":["\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1715-8472","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057999426","display_name":"Ricardo Chavarriaga","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8879-2860"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5124864","display_name":"\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne","ror":"https://ror.org/02s376052","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I5124864"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I858936495","display_name":"ZHAW Zurich University of Applied Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05pmsvm27","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I858936495"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ricardo Chavarriaga","raw_affiliation_strings":["ZHAW Datalab, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Winterthur, Switzerland","\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8879-2860","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ZHAW Datalab, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Winterthur, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I858936495"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087340839","display_name":"Fabio Dell\u2019Agnola","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3556-2578"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5124864","display_name":"\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne","ror":"https://ror.org/02s376052","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fabio Dell'Agnola","raw_affiliation_strings":["Embedded Systems Laboratory, \u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3556-2578","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Embedded Systems Laboratory, \u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052080679","display_name":"Adriana Arza","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4190-7878"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5124864","display_name":"\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne","ror":"https://ror.org/02s376052","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adriana Arza","raw_affiliation_strings":["Embedded Systems Laboratory, \u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4190-7878","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Embedded Systems Laboratory, \u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074236306","display_name":"David Atienza","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9536-4947"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5124864","display_name":"\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne","ror":"https://ror.org/02s376052","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Atienza","raw_affiliation_strings":["Embedded Systems Laboratory, \u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9536-4947","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Embedded Systems Laboratory, \u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050363894","display_name":"Jos\u00e9 del R. Mill\u00e1n","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5819-1522"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5124864","display_name":"\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne","ror":"https://ror.org/02s376052","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I5124864"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86519309","display_name":"The University of Texas at Austin","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj54h04","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}],"countries":["CH","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jose del R. Millan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and the Department of Neurology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA","\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5819-1522","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and the Department of Neurology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5087506923"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.6979,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":23,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90532715,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"51","issue":"2","first_page":"99","last_page":"108"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10525","display_name":"Human-Automation Interaction and Safety","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10525","display_name":"Human-Automation Interaction and Safety","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10042","display_name":"Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies","score":0.9944999814033508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electroencephalography","display_name":"Electroencephalography","score":0.7384837865829468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6444060802459717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latency","display_name":"Latency (audio)","score":0.6414498090744019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.6154171824455261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perception","display_name":"Perception","score":0.5701279640197754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognition","display_name":"Cognition","score":0.4809959828853607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-psychology","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","score":0.44193994998931885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.41443219780921936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3740752339363098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.31141746044158936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience","display_name":"Neuroscience","score":0.16868969798088074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.08178955316543579}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522805319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179965","display_name":"Electroencephalography","level":2,"score":0.7384837865829468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6444060802459717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.6414498090744019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.6154171824455261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.5701279640197754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.4809959828853607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.44193994998931885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.41443219780921936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3740752339363098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.31141746044158936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.16868969798088074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.08178955316543579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/thms.2020.3038339","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/thms.2020.3038339","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2476799526","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Human-Machine Systems","issn_l":"2168-2291","issn":["2168-2291","2168-2305"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Human-Machine Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:digitalcollection.zhaw.ch:11475/22266","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://digitalcollection.zhaw.ch/handle/11475/22266","pdf_url":"https://infoscience.epfl.ch/bitstreams/ccc0a0ad-a7d6-4835-ad9b-2b0b53a775dc/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401811","display_name":"Z\u00fcrcher Hochschule f\u00fcr Angewandte Wissenschaften digital collection (Zurich University of Applied Sciences)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I200744771","host_organization_name":"ZHAW Zurich University of Applied Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200744771"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:infoscience.epfl.ch:282203","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://infoscience.epfl.ch/handle/20.500.14299/173990","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400487","display_name":"Infoscience (Ecole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"research article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:digitalcollection.zhaw.ch:11475/22266","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://digitalcollection.zhaw.ch/handle/11475/22266","pdf_url":"https://infoscience.epfl.ch/bitstreams/ccc0a0ad-a7d6-4835-ad9b-2b0b53a775dc/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401811","display_name":"Z\u00fcrcher Hochschule f\u00fcr Angewandte Wissenschaften digital collection (Zurich University of Applied Sciences)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I200744771","host_organization_name":"ZHAW Zurich University of Applied Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200744771"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.6800000071525574,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","display_name":"Office of Naval Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00rk2pe57"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3111421989.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3111421989.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W54005764","https://openalex.org/W1847204379","https://openalex.org/W1991667426","https://openalex.org/W1992312004","https://openalex.org/W1993174677","https://openalex.org/W1999681398","https://openalex.org/W2004086149","https://openalex.org/W2011695541","https://openalex.org/W2026169435","https://openalex.org/W2029517603","https://openalex.org/W2036530483","https://openalex.org/W2038601351","https://openalex.org/W2043131253","https://openalex.org/W2043736971","https://openalex.org/W2061030457","https://openalex.org/W2063705912","https://openalex.org/W2064801302","https://openalex.org/W2072407683","https://openalex.org/W2077366304","https://openalex.org/W2098330912","https://openalex.org/W2102595860","https://openalex.org/W2121328897","https://openalex.org/W2122311608","https://openalex.org/W2126707560","https://openalex.org/W2148610368","https://openalex.org/W2155722796","https://openalex.org/W2157289187","https://openalex.org/W2296172050","https://openalex.org/W2329094530","https://openalex.org/W2397822570","https://openalex.org/W2402939184","https://openalex.org/W2421101021","https://openalex.org/W2757800430","https://openalex.org/W2781634994","https://openalex.org/W2789638552","https://openalex.org/W2790884089","https://openalex.org/W2808886808","https://openalex.org/W2893789451","https://openalex.org/W4300858224","https://openalex.org/W6602144153"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2922348724","https://openalex.org/W200322357","https://openalex.org/W2130428257","https://openalex.org/W4308951944","https://openalex.org/W4312960290","https://openalex.org/W2057366091","https://openalex.org/W2049513647","https://openalex.org/W2988848585","https://openalex.org/W4233722919","https://openalex.org/W4323929055"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Decoding":[0],"the":[1,15,32,75,79,84,109,128,134,144,153,158,165,169,177,180,185,189,200,220,225],"subjective":[2],"perception":[3],"of":[4,26,41,133,146,155,168,205,222],"task":[5,16,33,170,181,201],"difficulty":[6,17,34,52,171],"may":[7],"help":[8],"improve":[9],"operator":[10],"performance,":[11],"i.e.,":[12],"automatically":[13],"optimize":[14],"level.":[18,35],"Here,":[19],"we":[20,82],"aim":[21],"to":[22,49,107,195],"decode":[23],"a":[24,38,63,140,233],"compound":[25,69,80,160,227],"cognitive":[27],"states":[28],"that":[29,57,124,164,219,235],"covaries":[30],"with":[31,118],"We":[36,54,95,137,162,183],"designed":[37],"protocol":[39],"composed":[40],"two":[42],"different":[43,51,68,230],"subtasks,":[44],"flying":[45,135],"and":[46,87,100],"visual":[47],"recognition,":[48],"induce":[50],"levels.":[53],"first":[55],"showed":[56,96],"electroencephalography":[58],"(EEG)":[59],"signals":[60],"can":[61],"be":[62,210,237],"reliable":[64],"source":[65],"for":[66,192],"discriminating":[67],"states.":[70],"To":[71],"gain":[72],"insight":[73],"into":[74,239],"underlying":[76],"components":[77,104],"in":[78,91,127,143,157,179,224],"states,":[81],"examined":[83],"attentional":[85],"index":[86,89],"engagement":[88,101],"as":[90,211,213],"our":[92,114,119,193],"previous":[93,120],"study.":[94],"that,":[97],"first,":[98],"attention":[99],"are":[102,131],"essential":[103],"but":[105],"fail":[106],"provide":[108,196],"best":[110],"accuracy,":[111],"and,":[112],"second,":[113],"model":[115],"is":[116,232],"consistent":[117],"study,":[121],"which":[122],"means":[123],"lateralized":[125],"modulations":[126],"\u03b1":[129],"bands":[130],"representative":[132],"task.":[136],"also":[138],"analyzed":[139],"practical":[141],"issue":[142],"design":[145],"adaptive":[147,243],"human-machine":[148],"interaction":[149],"(HMI)":[150],"systems,":[151],"namely,":[152],"latency":[154,221],"changes":[156,178,223],"user's":[159,226],"state.":[161],"hypothesized":[163],"EEG":[166],"correlates":[167],"level":[172],"do":[173],"not":[174],"instantaneously":[175],"reflect":[176],"difficulty.":[182],"validated":[184],"hypothesis":[186],"by":[187],"measuring":[188],"time":[190],"required":[191],"decoders":[194],"stable":[197],"accuracy":[198],"after":[199],"changed.":[202],"This":[203],"amount":[204],"time,":[206],"or":[207],"latency,":[208],"could":[209],"high":[212],"ten":[214],"seconds.":[215],"The":[216],"results":[217],"suggest":[218],"state":[228],"between":[229],"tasks":[231],"factor":[234],"should":[236],"taken":[238],"account":[240],"when":[241],"building":[242],"HMI":[244],"systems.":[245]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}