{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2469356268","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/thms.2015.2504083","title":"Eye-Gaze Tracking Analysis of Driver Behavior While Interacting With Navigation Systems in an Urban Area","display_name":"Eye-Gaze Tracking Analysis of Driver Behavior While Interacting With Navigation Systems in an Urban Area","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-12-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2469356268","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/thms.2015.2504083","mag":"2469356268"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/thms.2015.2504083","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/thms.2015.2504083","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2476799526","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Human-Machine Systems","issn_l":"2168-2291","issn":["2168-2291","2168-2305"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Human-Machine Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019850089","display_name":"Rencheng Zheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4346-2881"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rencheng Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023192293","display_name":"Kimihiko Nakano","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3532-960X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kimihiko Nakano","raw_affiliation_strings":["Interfaculty Initiative in Information Studies, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Interfaculty Initiative in Information Studies, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000629840","display_name":"Hiromitsu Ishiko","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hiromitsu Ishiko","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079674968","display_name":"Kenji HAGITA","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76259142","display_name":"National Research Institute of Police Science","ror":"https://ror.org/03g9ek587","country_code":"JP","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76259142"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kenji Hagita","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Traffic Science, National Research Institute of Police Science, Kashiwa-shi, Chiba, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Traffic Science, National Research Institute of Police Science, Kashiwa-shi, Chiba, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76259142"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113432853","display_name":"Makoto Kihira","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76259142","display_name":"National Research Institute of Police Science","ror":"https://ror.org/03g9ek587","country_code":"JP","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76259142"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Makoto Kihira","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Traffic Science, National Research Institute of Police Science, Kashiwa-shi, Chiba, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Traffic Science, National Research Institute of Police Science, Kashiwa-shi, Chiba, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76259142"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008987124","display_name":"Toshiya Yokozeki","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76259142","display_name":"National Research Institute of Police Science","ror":"https://ror.org/03g9ek587","country_code":"JP","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76259142"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Toshiya Yokozeki","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Traffic Science, National Research Institute of Police Science, Kashiwa-shi, Chiba, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Traffic Science, National Research Institute of Police Science, Kashiwa-shi, Chiba, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76259142"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.144,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":63,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96452656,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"46","issue":"4","first_page":"546","last_page":"556"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10525","display_name":"Human-Automation Interaction and Safety","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11904","display_name":"Spatial Cognition and Navigation","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distraction","display_name":"Distraction","score":0.6743749380111694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eye-tracking","display_name":"Eye tracking","score":0.6391401886940002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaze","display_name":"Gaze","score":0.6161832213401794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dashboard","display_name":"Dashboard","score":0.6143103837966919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.598077654838562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5272789597511292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.4746463894844055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/position","display_name":"Position (finance)","score":0.45655742287635803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visual-angle","display_name":"Visual angle","score":0.42917400598526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4210379719734192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking","display_name":"Tracking (education)","score":0.41343623399734497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.3444264531135559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.11901059746742249}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776378700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3030775","display_name":"Distraction","level":2,"score":0.6743749380111694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56461940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q970687","display_name":"Eye tracking","level":2,"score":0.6391401886940002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779916870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14467155","display_name":"Gaze","level":2,"score":0.6161832213401794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33499554","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1417134","display_name":"Dashboard","level":2,"score":0.6143103837966919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.598077654838562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5272789597511292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.4746463894844055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198082294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399648","display_name":"Position (finance)","level":2,"score":0.45655742287635803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200756006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336092","display_name":"Visual angle","level":2,"score":0.42917400598526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4210379719734192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.41343623399734497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3444264531135559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.11901059746742249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/thms.2015.2504083","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/thms.2015.2504083","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2476799526","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Human-Machine Systems","issn_l":"2168-2291","issn":["2168-2291","2168-2305"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Human-Machine Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.8399999737739563}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320912","display_name":"Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/048rj2z13"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W655454972","https://openalex.org/W1496232246","https://openalex.org/W1965305672","https://openalex.org/W1965533503","https://openalex.org/W1974094451","https://openalex.org/W1979539781","https://openalex.org/W1980670616","https://openalex.org/W1987691797","https://openalex.org/W1989639897","https://openalex.org/W1994098091","https://openalex.org/W1996499888","https://openalex.org/W1999438976","https://openalex.org/W2003498135","https://openalex.org/W2013433269","https://openalex.org/W2014155146","https://openalex.org/W2017126395","https://openalex.org/W2024945615","https://openalex.org/W2030215259","https://openalex.org/W2041823554","https://openalex.org/W2041936353","https://openalex.org/W2057964179","https://openalex.org/W2072344378","https://openalex.org/W2073219629","https://openalex.org/W2080941050","https://openalex.org/W2081646285","https://openalex.org/W2088176659","https://openalex.org/W2102392107","https://openalex.org/W2119577735","https://openalex.org/W2129425995","https://openalex.org/W2143921100","https://openalex.org/W2146794819","https://openalex.org/W2147018085","https://openalex.org/W2152551784","https://openalex.org/W2155217597","https://openalex.org/W3140513915","https://openalex.org/W6621713277"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1984342691","https://openalex.org/W2470048815","https://openalex.org/W2324884046","https://openalex.org/W641612223","https://openalex.org/W2906771794","https://openalex.org/W2028203774","https://openalex.org/W2174716869","https://openalex.org/W2161294397","https://openalex.org/W2012644758","https://openalex.org/W4393570791"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,44,47,90,115,138,152,175,180,193,197,201,214,219,230],"advent":[2],"of":[3,46,50,62,68,97,154,170,192,200,210,216,235],"global":[4],"positioning":[5],"system":[6],"technology,":[7],"smart":[8],"phones":[9],"are":[10],"used":[11],"as":[12,106],"portable":[13,36,54,69,161,177,231],"navigation":[14,25,37,55,70,232],"systems.":[15],"Guidelines":[16],"that":[17,114,148,191,213,218,234],"ensure":[18],"driving":[19,79],"safety":[20],"while":[21],"using":[22],"conventional":[23,181],"on-board":[24,237],"systems":[26,56,71],"have":[27],"already":[28],"been":[29],"published":[30],"but":[31,131],"do":[32],"not":[33],"extend":[34],"to":[35,88],"systems;":[38],"therefore,":[39],"this":[40],"study":[41],"focused":[42],"on":[43,143,179,196],"analysis":[45],"eye-gaze":[48,92],"tracking":[49],"drivers":[51],"interacting":[52],"with":[53,119],"in":[57,77,151],"an":[58,207],"urban":[59],"area.":[60],"Combinations":[61],"different":[63],"display":[64,117,140,162,178],"sizes":[65],"and":[66,102,172],"positions":[67],"were":[72,109],"adopted":[73],"by":[74],"20":[75],"participants":[76],"a":[78,107,120,126,132],"simulator":[80],"experiment.":[81],"An":[82],"expectation":[83],"maximum":[84],"algorithm":[85],"was":[86,221,226],"proposed":[87],"classify":[89],"measured":[91],"points;":[93],"furthermore,":[94],"three":[95],"measures":[96],"glance":[98,100,104,129,135,146],"frequency,":[99],"time,":[101],"total":[103],"time":[105,130,147,217],"percentage":[108],"calculated.":[110],"The":[111,159],"results":[112],"indicated":[113,206],"convenient":[116],"position":[118,183],"small":[121],"visual":[122,155],"angle":[123],"can":[124],"provide":[125],"significantly":[127,133,144,164,185,227],"shorter":[128,228],"higher":[134],"frequency;":[136],"however,":[137],"small-size":[139,160,176],"will":[141],"bring":[142],"longer":[145],"may":[149],"result":[150],"increasing":[153],"distraction":[156],"for":[157,167,229],"drivers.":[158],"received":[163,184],"lower":[165,186],"scores":[166,189],"subjective":[168,187],"evaluation":[169,188],"acceptability":[171],"fatigue;":[173],"moreover,":[174],"built-in":[182],"than":[190,223,233],"big-size":[194],"one":[195],"upper":[198],"side":[199],"dashboard.":[202],"In":[203],"addition,":[204],"it":[205],"increased":[208],"risk":[209],"rear-end":[211],"collision":[212],"proportion":[215],"time-to-collision":[220],"less":[222],"1":[224],"s":[225],"traditional":[236],"one.":[238]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}