{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2059766059","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/thms.2014.2365466","title":"Multiperson Locating and Their Soft Tracking in a Binary Infrared Sensor Network","display_name":"Multiperson Locating and Their Soft Tracking in a Binary Infrared Sensor Network","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-11-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2059766059","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/thms.2014.2365466","mag":"2059766059"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/thms.2014.2365466","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/thms.2014.2365466","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2476799526","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Human-Machine Systems","issn_l":"2168-2291","issn":["2168-2291","2168-2305"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Human-Machine Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007499353","display_name":"Shuai Tao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2223-0205"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092944","display_name":"Dalian University","ror":"https://ror.org/00g2ypp58","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092944"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuai Tao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information and Engineering, Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information and Engineering, Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092944"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078972540","display_name":"Mineichi Kudo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1013-3870"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205349734","display_name":"Hokkaido University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e16g702","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205349734"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mineichi Kudo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan","Graduate School of Information Science & Technology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205349734"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Information Science & Technology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205349734"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016724430","display_name":"Bingnan Pei","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092944","display_name":"Dalian University","ror":"https://ror.org/00g2ypp58","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092944"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bing-Nan Pei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information and Engineering, Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information and Engineering, Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092944"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112419362","display_name":"Hidetoshi Nonaka","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205349734","display_name":"Hokkaido University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e16g702","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205349734"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hidetoshi Nonaka","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan","Graduate School of Information Science & Technology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205349734"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Information Science & Technology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205349734"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109355015","display_name":"Jun Toyama","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210106602","display_name":"Sapporo Science Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0113nqq98","country_code":"JP","type":"archive","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210106602"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun Toyama","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for the Practical Application of Mathematics, Sapporo, Japan",", Institute for the Practical Application of Mathematics, Sapporo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for the Practical Application of Mathematics, Sapporo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210106602"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":", Institute for the Practical Application of Mathematics, Sapporo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210106602"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.8647,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":31,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87369527,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"45","issue":"5","first_page":"550","last_page":"561"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12222","display_name":"IoT-based Smart Home Systems","score":0.984499990940094,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking","display_name":"Tracking (education)","score":0.8552990555763245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6377524137496948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking-system","display_name":"Tracking system","score":0.6197185516357422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ceiling","display_name":"Ceiling (cloud)","score":0.559256911277771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-number","display_name":"Binary number","score":0.5431519746780396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/infrared","display_name":"Infrared","score":0.5249046087265015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.47269582748413086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-sensor-network","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","score":0.4602472186088562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.43196791410446167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.3683067560195923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.16669026017189026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kalman-filter","display_name":"Kalman filter","score":0.14504754543304443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.12035396695137024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.11077570915222168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.06244528293609619}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.8552990555763245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6377524137496948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154586513","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4420972","display_name":"Tracking system","level":3,"score":0.6197185516357422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777489069","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1589822","display_name":"Ceiling (cloud)","level":2,"score":0.559256911277771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48372109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3913","display_name":"Binary number","level":2,"score":0.5431519746780396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158355884","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11388","display_name":"Infrared","level":2,"score":0.5249046087265015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.47269582748413086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.4602472186088562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.43196791410446167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3683067560195923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.16669026017189026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157286648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846780","display_name":"Kalman filter","level":2,"score":0.14504754543304443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.12035396695137024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.11077570915222168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.06244528293609619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/thms.2014.2365466","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/thms.2014.2365466","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2476799526","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Human-Machine Systems","issn_l":"2168-2291","issn":["2168-2291","2168-2305"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Human-Machine Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4148475336","display_name":"eXtFS:Feature Selection and Exploration in extremly large multi-label classification problems","funder_award_id":"15H02719","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6535518157","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61201420","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/00hhkn466"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W86906490","https://openalex.org/W124239797","https://openalex.org/W1501225245","https://openalex.org/W1570767448","https://openalex.org/W1823428087","https://openalex.org/W2000779560","https://openalex.org/W2021792842","https://openalex.org/W2026972832","https://openalex.org/W2070305513","https://openalex.org/W2085301752","https://openalex.org/W2097978134","https://openalex.org/W2114141289","https://openalex.org/W2115203491","https://openalex.org/W2119473700","https://openalex.org/W2122190623","https://openalex.org/W2125052758","https://openalex.org/W2128287710","https://openalex.org/W2130433861","https://openalex.org/W2135203562","https://openalex.org/W2144865889","https://openalex.org/W2150388519","https://openalex.org/W2152669093","https://openalex.org/W2156848524","https://openalex.org/W2157722939","https://openalex.org/W2162057054","https://openalex.org/W2276607002","https://openalex.org/W2534795476","https://openalex.org/W2571050459","https://openalex.org/W4231534238","https://openalex.org/W6603440866","https://openalex.org/W6678769220","https://openalex.org/W6694901608"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2394134009","https://openalex.org/W1971984615","https://openalex.org/W2046099857","https://openalex.org/W2806679586","https://openalex.org/W4315836311","https://openalex.org/W2393252924","https://openalex.org/W2787600244","https://openalex.org/W2186532442","https://openalex.org/W2354867839","https://openalex.org/W2095056275"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Low-cost":[0],"sensor":[1,63],"networks":[2],"for":[3,39,70,113,152],"multitarget":[4],"tracking":[5,44,57,71,121,128,159],"are":[6,48],"increasingly":[7],"becoming":[8],"important":[9],"equipment":[10],"in":[11,27,122,154],"many":[12],"applications.":[13],"A":[14],"major":[15],"problem":[16],"is":[17,33],"that":[18,140],"these":[19],"sensors":[20,79],"usually":[21],"provide":[22],"only":[23],"a":[24,31,55,67,131],"binary":[25],"response":[26],"each":[28],"epoch,":[29],"if":[30],"target":[32],"present":[34],"or":[35],"absent.":[36],"Efficient":[37],"approaches":[38],"realizing":[40],"the":[41,83,106,118,166],"location":[42],"and":[43,65,105],"of":[45,85,96,102,109,120,165],"multiple":[46,72],"targets":[47],"needed.":[49],"In":[50,74],"this":[51,75,141],"paper,":[52],"we":[53],"develop":[54],"soft":[56,114],"system":[58,142],"using":[59],"an":[60,86,155],"infrared":[61,78],"ceiling":[62,84],"network":[64],"propose":[66],"novel":[68],"algorithm":[69],"people.":[73],"system,":[76],"43":[77],"were":[80,111],"attached":[81],"to":[82,145,148],"office":[87,156],"room":[88],"(15.0":[89],"m":[90],"\u00d7":[91],"8.5":[92],"m).":[93],"Some":[94],"pieces":[95],"weak":[97],"evidence":[98],"such":[99],"as":[100],"locations":[101],"personal":[103],"desks,":[104],"moving":[107],"directions":[108],"people,":[110],"used":[112],"tracking.":[115],"Through":[116],"experiments,":[117],"ability":[119],"different":[123],"situations":[124],"was":[125,135,143,161],"evaluated.":[126],"The":[127,137,158],"accuracy":[129,160],"during":[130],"3":[132],"h":[133],"period":[134],"investigated.":[136],"results":[138],"showed":[139],"able":[144],"track":[146],"up":[147],"eight":[149],"people":[150],"simultaneously":[151],"hours":[153],"room.":[157],"above":[162],"90%":[163],"most":[164],"time,":[167],"although":[168],"some":[169],"identity":[170],"ambiguities":[171],"occurred.":[172]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}