{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2027463020","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/thms.2014.2361437","title":"Score-Level Multibiometric Fusion Based on Dempster\u2013Shafer Theory Incorporating Uncertainty Factors","display_name":"Score-Level Multibiometric Fusion Based on Dempster\u2013Shafer Theory Incorporating Uncertainty Factors","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-10-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2027463020","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/thms.2014.2361437","mag":"2027463020"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/thms.2014.2361437","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/thms.2014.2361437","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2476799526","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Human-Machine Systems","issn_l":"2168-2291","issn":["2168-2291","2168-2305"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Human-Machine Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://eprints.qut.edu.au/78115/1/Manuscript.r4.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038839161","display_name":"Kien Nguyen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3466-9218"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I160993911","display_name":"Queensland University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03pnv4752","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I160993911"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kien Nguyen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Speech Audio Image Video Technology Laboratory, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Speech Audio Image Video Technology Laboratory, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I160993911"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083626840","display_name":"Simon Denman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0983-5480"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I160993911","display_name":"Queensland University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03pnv4752","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I160993911"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Simon Denman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Speech Audio Image Video Technology Laboratory, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Speech Audio Image Video Technology Laboratory, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I160993911"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055128383","display_name":"Sridha Sridharan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4316-9001"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I160993911","display_name":"Queensland University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03pnv4752","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I160993911"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sridha Sridharan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Speech Audio Image Video Technology Laboratory, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Speech Audio Image Video Technology Laboratory, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I160993911"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034095159","display_name":"Clinton Fookes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8515-6324"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I160993911","display_name":"Queensland University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03pnv4752","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I160993911"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Clinton Fookes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Speech Audio Image Video Technology Laboratory, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Speech Audio Image Video Technology Laboratory, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I160993911"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5038839161"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I160993911"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.8882,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":60,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96795347,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"45","issue":"1","first_page":"132","last_page":"140"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12740","display_name":"Gait Recognition and Analysis","score":0.9764000177383423,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dempster\u2013shafer-theory","display_name":"Dempster\u2013Shafer theory","score":0.9115598797798157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biometrics","display_name":"Biometrics","score":0.6447857618331909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6322759389877319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5888330340385437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensor-fusion","display_name":"Sensor fusion","score":0.506215512752533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","score":0.48773011565208435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.4860837757587433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fusion","display_name":"Fusion","score":0.48024895787239075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.45560210943222046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word-error-rate","display_name":"Word error rate","score":0.4469633102416992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.43970224261283875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.32505255937576294}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178011137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q285997","display_name":"Dempster\u2013Shafer theory","level":2,"score":0.9115598797798157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184297639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177765","display_name":"Biometrics","level":2,"score":0.6447857618331909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6322759389877319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5888330340385437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33954974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q486494","display_name":"Sensor fusion","level":2,"score":0.506215512752533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.48773011565208435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4860837757587433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158525013","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2593739","display_name":"Fusion","level":2,"score":0.48024895787239075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.45560210943222046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40969351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3516228","display_name":"Word error rate","level":2,"score":0.4469633102416992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.43970224261283875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.32505255937576294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/thms.2014.2361437","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/thms.2014.2361437","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2476799526","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Human-Machine Systems","issn_l":"2168-2291","issn":["2168-2291","2168-2305"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Human-Machine Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.qut.edu.au:78115","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":"https://eprints.qut.edu.au/78115/1/Manuscript.r4.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402607","display_name":"QUT ePrints (Queensland University of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I160993911","host_organization_name":"Queensland University of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I160993911"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics Part C: Applications and Reviews","raw_type":"Contribution to Journal"},{"id":"mag:272289250","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://eprints.qut.edu.au/78115/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S76152103","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems Man and Cybernetics","issn_l":"0018-9472","issn":["0018-9472","2168-2909"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems Man and Cybernetics","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.qut.edu.au:78115","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":"https://eprints.qut.edu.au/78115/1/Manuscript.r4.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402607","display_name":"QUT ePrints (Queensland University of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I160993911","host_organization_name":"Queensland University of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I160993911"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics Part C: Applications and Reviews","raw_type":"Contribution to Journal"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2027463020.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2027463020.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1516373796","https://openalex.org/W1576766292","https://openalex.org/W1585588639","https://openalex.org/W1600834507","https://openalex.org/W1980612221","https://openalex.org/W1987526086","https://openalex.org/W2014146821","https://openalex.org/W2016648380","https://openalex.org/W2021941724","https://openalex.org/W2044079911","https://openalex.org/W2044705095","https://openalex.org/W2051905056","https://openalex.org/W2061272711","https://openalex.org/W2064639303","https://openalex.org/W2074219260","https://openalex.org/W2088714418","https://openalex.org/W2097769446","https://openalex.org/W2101497410","https://openalex.org/W2103204087","https://openalex.org/W2110490201","https://openalex.org/W2115828072","https://openalex.org/W2119317829","https://openalex.org/W2122043130","https://openalex.org/W2123670003","https://openalex.org/W2131602991","https://openalex.org/W2136885397","https://openalex.org/W2140275904","https://openalex.org/W2140941142","https://openalex.org/W2141347502","https://openalex.org/W2150298415","https://openalex.org/W2150564648","https://openalex.org/W2153096970","https://openalex.org/W2153596970","https://openalex.org/W2157236671","https://openalex.org/W2164568552","https://openalex.org/W2167806820","https://openalex.org/W2306164244","https://openalex.org/W2797148637","https://openalex.org/W3101436856","https://openalex.org/W3136703421","https://openalex.org/W4301347335","https://openalex.org/W6655723228","https://openalex.org/W6669096900","https://openalex.org/W6677846222","https://openalex.org/W6791523762"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1995418324","https://openalex.org/W2211301776","https://openalex.org/W2067330150","https://openalex.org/W2375966783","https://openalex.org/W2377368844","https://openalex.org/W2132659060","https://openalex.org/W1971957814","https://openalex.org/W2360003067","https://openalex.org/W2031992971","https://openalex.org/W2363160655"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"While":[0],"existing":[1],"multibiometic":[2],"Dempster-Shafer":[3,45,130],"theory":[4],"fusion":[5,36,83,167],"approaches":[6,163],"have":[7],"demonstrated":[8],"promising":[9],"performance,":[10],"they":[11],"do":[12],"not":[13],"model":[14],"the":[15,41,48,63,67,73,76,79,82,101,106,117,143],"uncertainty":[16,42,55,60,74,102,146],"appropriately,":[17],"suggesting":[18],"that":[19,111],"further":[20],"improvement":[21],"can":[22],"be":[23],"achieved.":[24],"This":[25],"research":[26],"seeks":[27],"to":[28,37,71,99,104,116,132],"develop":[29],"a":[30,57,129,152],"unified":[31],"framework":[32],"for":[33],"multimodal":[34],"biometric":[35,68],"take":[38],"advantage":[39],"of":[40,44,50,59,66,75,81,88,145],"concept":[43,103],"theory,":[46],"improving":[47],"performance":[49,65,93,154],"multibiometric":[51],"authentication":[52],"systems.":[53],"Modeling":[54],"as":[56],"function":[58],"factors":[61,124],"affecting":[62],"recognition":[64,118],"systems":[69],"helps":[70],"address":[72],"data":[77],"and":[78,91,125,164],"confidence":[80],"outcome.":[84],"A":[85],"weighted":[86],"combination":[87],"quality":[89,112,136],"measures":[90,113],"classifiers":[92],"(equal":[94],"error":[95],"rate)":[96],"is":[97],"proposed":[98,149],"encode":[100],"improve":[105],"fusion.":[107],"We":[108],"also":[109],"found":[110],"contribute":[114],"unequally":[115],"performance;":[119],"thus,":[120],"selecting":[121],"only":[122],"significant":[123],"fusing":[126],"them":[127],"with":[128,160],"approach":[131,150],"generate":[133],"an":[134,139],"overall":[135],"score":[137],"play":[138],"important":[140],"role":[141],"in":[142,158],"success":[144],"modeling.":[147],"The":[148],"achieved":[151],"competitive":[153],"(approximate":[155],"1%":[156],"EER)":[157],"comparison":[159],"other":[161,165],"Dempster-Shafer-based":[162],"conventional":[166],"approaches.":[168]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}