{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2087932678","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/thms.2014.2340578","title":"Recent Advances on Singlemodal and Multimodal Face Recognition: A Survey","display_name":"Recent Advances on Singlemodal and Multimodal Face Recognition: A Survey","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-08-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2087932678","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/thms.2014.2340578","mag":"2087932678"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/thms.2014.2340578","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/thms.2014.2340578","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6221037/6945929/06876188.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2476799526","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Human-Machine Systems","issn_l":"2168-2291","issn":["2168-2291","2168-2305"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Human-Machine Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6221037/6945929/06876188.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018875718","display_name":"Hailing Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5009-4330"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149704539","display_name":"Deakin University","ror":"https://ror.org/02czsnj07","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hailing Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Intelligent Systems Research, Deakin University, Geelong, Vic., Australia","[Centre for Intelligent Systems Research, Deakin University, Geelong, Vic., Australia]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Intelligent Systems Research, Deakin University, Geelong, Vic., Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Centre for Intelligent Systems Research, Deakin University, Geelong, Vic., Australia]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089986388","display_name":"Ajmal Mian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5206-3842"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177877127","display_name":"University of Western Australia","ror":"https://ror.org/047272k79","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177877127"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ajmal Mian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, W.A., Australia","[Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, W.A., Australia]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, W.A., Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177877127"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, W.A., Australia]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177877127"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100634706","display_name":"Lei Wei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8267-0283"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149704539","display_name":"Deakin University","ror":"https://ror.org/02czsnj07","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lei Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Intelligent Systems Research, Deakin University, Geelong, Vic., Australia","[Centre for Intelligent Systems Research, Deakin University, Geelong, Vic., Australia]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Intelligent Systems Research, Deakin University, Geelong, Vic., Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Centre for Intelligent Systems Research, Deakin University, Geelong, Vic., Australia]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109097718","display_name":"Doug Creighton","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149704539","display_name":"Deakin University","ror":"https://ror.org/02czsnj07","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Doug Creighton","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Intelligent Systems Research, Deakin University, Geelong, Vic., Australia","[Centre for Intelligent Systems Research, Deakin University, Geelong, Vic., Australia]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Intelligent Systems Research, Deakin University, Geelong, Vic., Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Centre for Intelligent Systems Research, Deakin University, Geelong, Vic., Australia]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018882728","display_name":"Mohammed Hossny","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1593-6296"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149704539","display_name":"Deakin University","ror":"https://ror.org/02czsnj07","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mo Hossny","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Intelligent Systems Research, Deakin University, Geelong, Vic., Australia","[Centre for Intelligent Systems Research, Deakin University, Geelong, Vic., Australia]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Intelligent Systems Research, Deakin University, Geelong, Vic., Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Centre for Intelligent Systems Research, Deakin University, Geelong, Vic., Australia]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015293969","display_name":"Saeid Nahavandi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0360-5270"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149704539","display_name":"Deakin University","ror":"https://ror.org/02czsnj07","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saeid Nahavandi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Intelligent Systems Research, Deakin University, Geelong, Vic., Australia","[Centre for Intelligent Systems Research, Deakin University, Geelong, Vic., Australia]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Intelligent Systems Research, Deakin University, Geelong, Vic., Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Centre for Intelligent Systems Research, Deakin University, Geelong, Vic., Australia]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5018875718"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.4028,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":99,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98263764,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"44","issue":"6","first_page":"701","last_page":"716"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9865999817848206,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.7606804966926575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modalities","display_name":"Modalities","score":0.7572731971740723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6767941117286682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/three-dimensional-face-recognition","display_name":"Three-dimensional face recognition","score":0.6438173651695251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modality","display_name":"Modality (human\u2013computer interaction)","score":0.6032986044883728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.5752201080322266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5360249876976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face-recognition-grand-challenge","display_name":"Face Recognition Grand Challenge","score":0.5203427672386169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-expression","display_name":"Facial expression","score":0.4218253195285797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.41875356435775757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.34212666749954224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face-detection","display_name":"Face detection","score":0.3405085504055023}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.7606804966926575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779903281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888026","display_name":"Modalities","level":2,"score":0.7572731971740723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6767941117286682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88799230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3398329","display_name":"Three-dimensional face recognition","level":5,"score":0.6438173651695251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780226545","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888030","display_name":"Modality (human\u2013computer interaction)","level":2,"score":0.6032986044883728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.5752201080322266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5360249876976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191070858","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5428343","display_name":"Face Recognition Grand Challenge","level":5,"score":0.5203427672386169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195704467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327968","display_name":"Facial expression","level":2,"score":0.4218253195285797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.41875356435775757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.34212666749954224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4641261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11681085","display_name":"Face detection","level":4,"score":0.3405085504055023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/thms.2014.2340578","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/thms.2014.2340578","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6221037/6945929/06876188.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2476799526","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Human-Machine Systems","issn_l":"2168-2291","issn":["2168-2291","2168-2305"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Human-Machine Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:openaire/d44f589b-1bb7-4bb0-b24e-cd956e4b4b9e","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://admin.research-repository.uwa.edu.au/en/publications/d44f589b-1bb7-4bb0-b24e-cd956e4b4b9e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402492","display_name":"UWA Profiles and Research Repository (UWA)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I177877127","host_organization_name":"The University of Western Australia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177877127"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Zhou, H, Mian, A, Wei, L, Creighton, D C, Hossny, M & Nahavandi, S 2014, 'Recent advances on singlemodal and multimodal face recognition : A survey', IEEE Transactions on Human-Machine Systems, vol. 44, no. 6, pp. 701-716. https://doi.org/10.1109/THMS.2014.2340578","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/d44f589b-1bb7-4bb0-b24e-cd956e4b4b9e","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research-repository.uwa.edu.au/en/publications/d44f589b-1bb7-4bb0-b24e-cd956e4b4b9e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402523","display_name":"UWA Profiles and Research Repository (University of Western Australia)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I177877127","host_organization_name":"The University of Western Australia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177877127"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Zhou , H , Mian , A , Wei , L , Creighton , D C , Hossny , M &amp; Nahavandi , S 2014 , ' Recent advances on singlemodal and multimodal face recognition : A survey ' , IEEE Transactions on Human-Machine Systems , vol. 44 , no. 6 , pp. 701-716 . https://doi.org/10.1109/THMS.2014.2340578","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dro.deakin.edu.au:DU:30071496","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401102","display_name":"Own your potential (DEAKIN)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I149704539","host_organization_name":"Deakin University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/thms.2014.2340578","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/thms.2014.2340578","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6221037/6945929/06876188.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2476799526","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Human-Machine Systems","issn_l":"2168-2291","issn":["2168-2291","2168-2305"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Human-Machine Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2087932678.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2087932678.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":141,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W91273915","https://openalex.org/W91887116","https://openalex.org/W199840684","https://openalex.org/W1522860045","https://openalex.org/W1532097186","https://openalex.org/W1558862870","https://openalex.org/W1562649653","https://openalex.org/W1563354748","https://openalex.org/W1574619919","https://openalex.org/W1581372780","https://openalex.org/W1585443526","https://openalex.org/W1907941930","https://openalex.org/W1973130838","https://openalex.org/W1977664993","https://openalex.org/W1981660604","https://openalex.org/W1983124496","https://openalex.org/W1989702938","https://openalex.org/W1994788465","https://openalex.org/W1997410866","https://openalex.org/W1998162324","https://openalex.org/W1999098530","https://openalex.org/W1999533590","https://openalex.org/W2009039375","https://openalex.org/W2009712043","https://openalex.org/W2012576934","https://openalex.org/W2020407311","https://openalex.org/W2024765203","https://openalex.org/W2027320904","https://openalex.org/W2029213398","https://openalex.org/W2030270830","https://openalex.org/W2036231497","https://openalex.org/W2040662897","https://openalex.org/W2046095386","https://openalex.org/W2047836041","https://openalex.org/W2049981393","https://openalex.org/W2055492845","https://openalex.org/W2066322905","https://openalex.org/W2073016631","https://openalex.org/W2081734071","https://openalex.org/W2095743192","https://openalex.org/W2097889461","https://openalex.org/W2098236528","https://openalex.org/W2098693229","https://openalex.org/W2098724142","https://openalex.org/W2099417584","https://openalex.org/W2101423388","https://openalex.org/W2101542597","https://openalex.org/W2102544846","https://openalex.org/W2103037904","https://openalex.org/W2104482992","https://openalex.org/W2106947945","https://openalex.org/W2107037917","https://openalex.org/W2109647201","https://openalex.org/W2110363498","https://openalex.org/W2111445070","https://openalex.org/W2112312480","https://openalex.org/W2113756180","https://openalex.org/W2116258886","https://openalex.org/W2116551122","https://openalex.org/W2116888754","https://openalex.org/W2117715370","https://openalex.org/W2121527586","https://openalex.org/W2121647436","https://openalex.org/W2121956191","https://openalex.org/W2122519597","https://openalex.org/W2124298430","https://openalex.org/W2125482712","https://openalex.org/W2126074213","https://openalex.org/W2126087999","https://openalex.org/W2127846810","https://openalex.org/W2129187540","https://openalex.org/W2129253816","https://openalex.org/W2129271544","https://openalex.org/W2129317914","https://openalex.org/W2130105873","https://openalex.org/W2131273085","https://openalex.org/W2132310164","https://openalex.org/W2137659841","https://openalex.org/W2138931357","https://openalex.org/W2139139790","https://openalex.org/W2139445710","https://openalex.org/W2140120363","https://openalex.org/W2140477882","https://openalex.org/W2140535438","https://openalex.org/W2141393058","https://openalex.org/W2142013175","https://openalex.org/W2143542740","https://openalex.org/W2143671486","https://openalex.org/W2143939206","https://openalex.org/W2144569251","https://openalex.org/W2146533878","https://openalex.org/W2146617258","https://openalex.org/W2146972986","https://openalex.org/W2150327549","https://openalex.org/W2152492602","https://openalex.org/W2153759571","https://openalex.org/W2156887092","https://openalex.org/W2158247472","https://openalex.org/W2158369716","https://openalex.org/W2159568745","https://openalex.org/W2159896491","https://openalex.org/W2160126058","https://openalex.org/W2160136629","https://openalex.org/W2161116336","https://openalex.org/W2161308290","https://openalex.org/W2162522474","https://openalex.org/W2162653225","https://openalex.org/W2166164984","https://openalex.org/W2166335841","https://openalex.org/W2166743687","https://openalex.org/W2168239064","https://openalex.org/W2168540480","https://openalex.org/W2171937595","https://openalex.org/W2171982656","https://openalex.org/W2234045158","https://openalex.org/W2777436401","https://openalex.org/W4235317066","https://openalex.org/W4255016102","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4299732443","https://openalex.org/W6603816220","https://openalex.org/W6631833077","https://openalex.org/W6633339785","https://openalex.org/W6634698118","https://openalex.org/W6634837220","https://openalex.org/W6655047900","https://openalex.org/W6658231184","https://openalex.org/W6659681410","https://openalex.org/W6674878532","https://openalex.org/W6675445747","https://openalex.org/W6677147695","https://openalex.org/W6677578707","https://openalex.org/W6678994626","https://openalex.org/W6679089462","https://openalex.org/W6680477589","https://openalex.org/W6681231442","https://openalex.org/W6683019079","https://openalex.org/W6683506487","https://openalex.org/W6683845911","https://openalex.org/W6689552794","https://openalex.org/W6747404474"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4285815683","https://openalex.org/W4206923589","https://openalex.org/W2184186800","https://openalex.org/W325114128","https://openalex.org/W2351727084","https://openalex.org/W2336272890","https://openalex.org/W4200005109","https://openalex.org/W4224441484","https://openalex.org/W2362246177","https://openalex.org/W4308999963"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"High":[0],"performance":[1,48],"for":[2,35,88],"face":[3,27,36,45,53,64,89,95],"recognition":[4,65,90],"systems":[5],"occurs":[6],"in":[7,14,80],"controlled":[8],"environments":[9],"and":[10,18,33,62,66,78,83,97],"degrades":[11],"with":[12,51],"variations":[13],"illumination,":[15],"facial":[16],"expression,":[17],"pose.":[19],"Efforts":[20],"have":[21],"been":[22],"made":[23],"to":[24],"explore":[25],"alternate":[26],"modalities":[28,46],"such":[29],"as":[30,49],"infrared":[31],"(IR)":[32],"3-D":[34],"recognition.":[37,54],"Studies":[38],"also":[39,101],"demonstrate":[40],"that":[41],"fusion":[42],"of":[43,75,85],"multiple":[44],"improve":[47],"compared":[50],"singlemodal":[52,61],"This":[55],"paper":[56],"categorizes":[57],"these":[58],"algorithms":[59],"into":[60],"multimodal":[63],"evaluates":[67],"methods":[68],"within":[69],"each":[70,86],"category":[71],"via":[72],"detailed":[73],"descriptions":[74],"representative":[76],"work":[77],"summarizations":[79],"tables.":[81],"Advantages":[82],"disadvantages":[84],"modality":[87],"are":[91,100],"analyzed.":[92],"In":[93],"addition,":[94],"databases":[96],"system":[98],"evaluations":[99],"covered.":[102]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-07T13:39:58.223016","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
