{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7114896795","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2025.3643422","title":"A Natural Shelter Within the Moon\u2019s First 5 m on the Nearside Enables Habitable Base Siting","display_name":"A Natural Shelter Within the Moon\u2019s First 5 m on the Nearside Enables Habitable Base Siting","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7114896795","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2025.3643422"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2025.3643422","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2025.3643422","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yuxiao Zhi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8365-1820"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180726961","display_name":"Shenzhen University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vy4gh70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yuxiao Zhi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Chunyu Ding","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9405-6245"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180726961","display_name":"Shenzhen University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vy4gh70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chunyu Ding","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Qingquan Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2438-6046"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180726961","display_name":"Shenzhen University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vy4gh70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qingquan Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Teng Fei","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Teng Fei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Complex Environment Architecture Research, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Complex Environment Architecture Research, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yan Su","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7946-2333"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210164580","display_name":"National Astronomical Observatories","ror":"https://ror.org/058pyyv44","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210164580"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yan Su","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Lunar and Deep Space Exploration, National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Lunar and Deep Space Exploration, National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210164580","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Zhiyong Xiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5026-6937"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhiyong Xiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Planetary Environmental and Astrobiological Research Laboratory, School of Atmospheric Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Planetary Environmental and Astrobiological Research Laboratory, School of Atmospheric Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Ravi Sharma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3522-4077"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180726961","display_name":"Shenzhen University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vy4gh70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ravi Sharma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yaolin Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7520-4222"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yaolin Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Computational Geodynamics, College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Computational Geodynamics, College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Hongzhi Cui","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180726961","display_name":"Shenzhen University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vy4gh70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongzhi Cui","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.64353325,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"63","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"19"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10406","display_name":"Planetary Science and Exploration","score":0.9764000177383423,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10406","display_name":"Planetary Science and Exploration","score":0.9764000177383423,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12005","display_name":"Spaceflight effects on biology","score":0.004100000020116568,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13200","display_name":"Spacecraft and Cryogenic Technologies","score":0.002899999963119626,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/albedo","display_name":"Albedo (alchemy)","score":0.6496000289916992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/skylight","display_name":"Skylight","score":0.629800021648407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermal","display_name":"Thermal","score":0.6013000011444092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural","display_name":"Natural (archaeology)","score":0.5249000191688538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/temperature-measurement","display_name":"Temperature measurement","score":0.3917999863624573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reflection","display_name":"Reflection (computer programming)","score":0.3865000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiation","display_name":"Radiation","score":0.3725000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermal-insulation","display_name":"Thermal insulation","score":0.37209999561309814}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195886398","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2110050","display_name":"Albedo (alchemy)","level":3,"score":0.6496000289916992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780574069","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2712955","display_name":"Skylight","level":2,"score":0.629800021648407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204530211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752823","display_name":"Thermal","level":2,"score":0.6013000011444092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.579200029373169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.557699978351593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776608160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4785462","display_name":"Natural (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5249000191688538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87355193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q411","display_name":"Astrobiology","level":1,"score":0.4745999872684479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.47369998693466187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91586092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q757520","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","level":1,"score":0.3995000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72293138","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909741","display_name":"Temperature measurement","level":2,"score":0.3917999863624573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65682993","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1056451","display_name":"Reflection (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.3865000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153385146","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18335","display_name":"Radiation","level":2,"score":0.3725000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64839514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918306","display_name":"Thermal insulation","level":3,"score":0.37209999561309814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42058472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810214","display_name":"Base (topology)","level":2,"score":0.3531999886035919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.33379998803138733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51244244","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q634","display_name":"Planet","level":2,"score":0.32199999690055847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32957820","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215108","display_name":"Microclimate","level":2,"score":0.310699999332428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.29490000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89394759","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192593","display_name":"Thermal radiation","level":2,"score":0.2827000021934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150560799","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q502102","display_name":"Borehole","level":2,"score":0.2768000066280365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174548603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1781211","display_name":"Cloud base","level":3,"score":0.2732999920845032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65440619","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177974","display_name":"Atmosphere (unit)","level":2,"score":0.2648000121116638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128014804","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3150682","display_name":"Thermal mass","level":3,"score":0.257999986410141}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2025.3643422","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2025.3643422","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2364805636","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"12473063","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2841714454","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62227901","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4323693542","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2024C009","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4985096637","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"20240731114343001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326705","funder_display_name":"Science, Technology and Innovation Commission of Shenzhen Municipality"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G992075071","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"12461160265","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326705","display_name":"Science, Technology and Innovation Commission of Shenzhen Municipality","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":75,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W161357075","https://openalex.org/W790259222","https://openalex.org/W1975924904","https://openalex.org/W1976354196","https://openalex.org/W1987116785","https://openalex.org/W1990488531","https://openalex.org/W1994870708","https://openalex.org/W1999155718","https://openalex.org/W2000104599","https://openalex.org/W2000810523","https://openalex.org/W2016157593","https://openalex.org/W2026709847","https://openalex.org/W2029941973","https://openalex.org/W2041998114","https://openalex.org/W2045212778","https://openalex.org/W2061490875","https://openalex.org/W2063477337","https://openalex.org/W2063657018","https://openalex.org/W2069750005","https://openalex.org/W2070940496","https://openalex.org/W2074102257","https://openalex.org/W2077990096","https://openalex.org/W2083752285","https://openalex.org/W2084025193","https://openalex.org/W2091699903","https://openalex.org/W2108125077","https://openalex.org/W2117787628","https://openalex.org/W2120870736","https://openalex.org/W2126353612","https://openalex.org/W2128195977","https://openalex.org/W2132158839","https://openalex.org/W2168016124","https://openalex.org/W2206223658","https://openalex.org/W2260660010","https://openalex.org/W2431915793","https://openalex.org/W2478476349","https://openalex.org/W2516169369","https://openalex.org/W2592672906","https://openalex.org/W2619910315","https://openalex.org/W2747425062","https://openalex.org/W2766698650","https://openalex.org/W2795655387","https://openalex.org/W2795796693","https://openalex.org/W2800241190","https://openalex.org/W2904912179","https://openalex.org/W2949720328","https://openalex.org/W2950496960","https://openalex.org/W2950713775","https://openalex.org/W3009609745","https://openalex.org/W3040778043","https://openalex.org/W3043458408","https://openalex.org/W3043614448","https://openalex.org/W3046189405","https://openalex.org/W3117131327","https://openalex.org/W3145013700","https://openalex.org/W3165322232","https://openalex.org/W3202255016","https://openalex.org/W3205161018","https://openalex.org/W4210273653","https://openalex.org/W4282973902","https://openalex.org/W4284974410","https://openalex.org/W4306673886","https://openalex.org/W4310835738","https://openalex.org/W4312269251","https://openalex.org/W4323519407","https://openalex.org/W4378902228","https://openalex.org/W4385348106","https://openalex.org/W4385462163","https://openalex.org/W4385839321","https://openalex.org/W4386988459","https://openalex.org/W4389495138","https://openalex.org/W4399962249","https://openalex.org/W4400956349","https://openalex.org/W4401067888","https://openalex.org/W4402437881"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,62,105,120],"lunar":[1,54,78,150,198],"surface":[2,56],"presents":[3],"an":[4],"exceptionally":[5],"harsh":[6],"environment,":[7],"while":[8],"shallow":[9],"subsurface":[10,43],"cavities":[11,97,100,154,178],"offer":[12],"critical":[13],"protection":[14],"against":[15],"harmful":[16],"radiation,":[17],"extreme":[18],"thermal":[19,39,71,122,146,173],"fluctuations,":[20],"and":[21,33,70,98,142,190,194],"meteorite":[22],"impacts.":[23],"This":[24,82],"study":[25],"integrates":[26],"Diviner":[27],"temperature":[28,92,109,163],"data,":[29,32],"LOLA":[30],"albedo":[31],"radar-derived":[34],"density":[35],"profiles":[36],"to":[37,66,89,129,143],"perform":[38],"simulations":[40],"of":[41,149,175],"the":[42,53,58,85,112,116,130,144,160,172,180],"cavity":[44,113],"detected":[45],"by":[46],"ground-penetrating":[47],"radar":[48],"within":[49,111,166],"five":[50],"meters":[51],"beneath":[52],"near-side":[55],"at":[57],"Chang\u2019E-3":[59,181],"landing":[60,182],"site.":[61],"primary":[63],"objective":[64],"is":[65],"assess":[67],"its":[68],"feasibility":[69,174],"stability":[72],"as":[73,115,184],"a":[74,134,156],"natural":[75,185],"shelter":[76],"for":[77,187,196],"base":[79,199],"site":[80],"selection.":[81],"paper":[83],"employs":[84],"finite":[86],"element":[87],"method":[88],"simulate":[90],"diurnal":[91,162],"variations":[93],"in":[94,133,153,179],"both":[95],"intact":[96],"excavated":[99],"with":[101,137,155],"varying":[102],"opening":[103],"diameters.":[104],"results":[106],"show":[107],"that":[108],"fluctuations":[110],"decrease":[114],"skylight":[117,158],"diameter":[118],"narrows.":[119],"internal":[121,161],"environment":[123],"demonstrates":[124],"relatively":[125],"high":[126],"stability,":[127],"attributable":[128],"cavity\u2019s":[131],"location":[132],"mid-latitude":[135],"region":[136],"limited":[138],"solar":[139],"radiation":[140],"exposure":[141],"excellent":[145],"insulation":[147],"properties":[148],"regolith.":[151],"Even":[152],"2-meter":[157],"diameter,":[159],"variation":[164],"remains":[165],"20":[167],"K.":[168],"These":[169],"findings":[170],"confirm":[171],"utilizing":[176],"such":[177],"area":[183],"shelters":[186],"human":[188],"habitation":[189],"provide":[191],"valuable":[192],"insights":[193],"recommendations":[195],"future":[197],"siting.":[200]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-12-12T00:00:00"}