{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4417169514","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2025.3642125","title":"NSDSAM: Noise-Suppression-Driven SAM for Infrared Small Target Detection","display_name":"NSDSAM: Noise-Suppression-Driven SAM for Infrared Small Target Detection","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4417169514","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2025.3642125"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2025.3642125","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2025.3642125","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103146003","display_name":"Wenxiao Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5740-954X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenxiao Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5740-954X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076772363","display_name":"Qiyuan Yin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0153-857X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiyuan Yin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101718730","display_name":"Chen Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1740-0804"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chen Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1740-0804","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025153376","display_name":"Dianjie Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5435-5307"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28006308","display_name":"Shandong Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wy3h363","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28006308"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dianjie Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China","School of information science and engineering, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5435-5307","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28006308"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of information science and engineering, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28006308"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028538102","display_name":"Guijuan Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9545-8668"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28006308","display_name":"Shandong Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wy3h363","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28006308"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guijuan Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China","School of information science and engineering, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9545-8668","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28006308"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of information science and engineering, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28006308"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077971554","display_name":"Zhuoran Zheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3617-6513"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhuoran Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Science and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3617-6513","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.46362718,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"63","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"14"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12389","display_name":"Infrared Target Detection Methodologies","score":0.9807999730110168,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12389","display_name":"Infrared Target Detection Methodologies","score":0.9807999730110168,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11637","display_name":"Advanced Semiconductor Detectors and Materials","score":0.0017999999690800905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11856","display_name":"Thermography and Photoacoustic Techniques","score":0.0015999999595806003,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clutter","display_name":"Clutter","score":0.717199981212616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adapter","display_name":"Adapter (computing)","score":0.6348000168800354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/infrared","display_name":"Infrared","score":0.5651000142097473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.542900025844574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensitivity","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","score":0.4260999858379364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.40959998965263367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3986999988555908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalization","display_name":"Generalization","score":0.39730000495910645}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132094186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q641585","display_name":"Clutter","level":3,"score":0.717199981212616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6909000277519226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177284502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1005390","display_name":"Adapter (computing)","level":2,"score":0.6348000168800354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158355884","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11388","display_name":"Infrared","level":2,"score":0.5651000142097473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.542900025844574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5175999999046326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21200559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451068","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","level":2,"score":0.4260999858379364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.40959998965263367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3986999988555908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177148314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170084","display_name":"Generalization","level":2,"score":0.39730000495910645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.35280001163482666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3425000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.3327000141143799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100675267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1371624","display_name":"Background noise","level":2,"score":0.31060001254081726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194544171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21105679","display_name":"Gating","level":2,"score":0.30090001225471497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.29660001397132874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776836416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1364844","display_name":"False alarm","level":2,"score":0.28349998593330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.2822999954223633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.2700999975204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137270730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120811","display_name":"Detection theory","level":3,"score":0.26510000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159078339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959005","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","level":2,"score":0.2639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29265498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7047719","display_name":"Noise measurement","level":3,"score":0.2515999972820282}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2025.3642125","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2025.3642125","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":51,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W2041560658","https://openalex.org/W2080197848","https://openalex.org/W2537662059","https://openalex.org/W2609621636","https://openalex.org/W2741058951","https://openalex.org/W2790021535","https://openalex.org/W2912919760","https://openalex.org/W2973776890","https://openalex.org/W2981068491","https://openalex.org/W2995132755","https://openalex.org/W2997129376","https://openalex.org/W3118249006","https://openalex.org/W3118934234","https://openalex.org/W3121523901","https://openalex.org/W4285307646","https://openalex.org/W4304084055","https://openalex.org/W4304092528","https://openalex.org/W4313065862","https://openalex.org/W4313506322","https://openalex.org/W4316193140","https://openalex.org/W4362500629","https://openalex.org/W4365801668","https://openalex.org/W4376607843","https://openalex.org/W4389474259","https://openalex.org/W4390874575","https://openalex.org/W4391507156","https://openalex.org/W4392903273","https://openalex.org/W4393148032","https://openalex.org/W4394844676","https://openalex.org/W4396523238","https://openalex.org/W4399360729","https://openalex.org/W4399728296","https://openalex.org/W4401358826","https://openalex.org/W4402097425","https://openalex.org/W4402436792","https://openalex.org/W4402716174","https://openalex.org/W4402979813","https://openalex.org/W4402979889","https://openalex.org/W4403069809","https://openalex.org/W4403150304","https://openalex.org/W4403674902","https://openalex.org/W4404177154","https://openalex.org/W4405270459","https://openalex.org/W4406730167","https://openalex.org/W4407358421","https://openalex.org/W4408634392","https://openalex.org/W4409366138","https://openalex.org/W4410852654","https://openalex.org/W4410914989","https://openalex.org/W4411405176"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Although":[0],"Segment":[1],"Anything":[2],"Model":[3],"(SAM)":[4],"have":[5],"recently":[6],"achieved":[7],"remarkable":[8],"progress,":[9],"their":[10],"generalization":[11,33],"capability":[12],"in":[13,27,154],"infrared":[14,28,143,155],"small":[15,156],"target":[16,157],"detection":[17],"remains":[18],"limited":[19],"due":[20],"to":[21,104,121],"the":[22,32,39,67,123,132,147],"inherently":[23],"high":[24],"noise":[25,35,68],"levels":[26],"imagery.":[29],"To":[30],"preserve":[31],"and":[34,56,77,93,118,137],"suppression":[36,133],"ability":[37],"of":[38,69,73,88,134],"model,":[40],"we":[41,60,107],"propose":[42],"an":[43,74],"method":[44,149],"called":[45],"NSDSAM,":[46],"a":[47,62,78,95,109],"noise-suppression-driven":[48],"approach":[49],"that":[50,114,146],"enhances":[51],"SAM":[52],"at":[53],"both":[54],"internal":[55],"external":[57],"levels.":[58],"Internally,":[59],"develop":[61],"Hybrid":[63],"Adapter":[64],"for":[65,98],"suppressing":[66],"feature":[70],"maps,":[71],"consisting":[72],"MLP":[75],"adapter":[76,83],"self-attention":[79,82,124],"adapter.":[80],"The":[81,159],"first":[84],"performs":[85],"entropy-aware":[86],"reconstruction":[87],"features":[89],"from":[90],"noisy":[91],"inputs":[92],"employs":[94],"gating":[96],"mechanism":[97],"soft-attention":[99],"fusion,":[100],"mitigating":[101],"SAM\u2019s":[102],"sensitivity":[103],"noise.":[105,138],"Externally,":[106],"design":[108],"Spatial-Frequency":[110],"hybrid":[111],"Module":[112],"(SFHM)":[113],"jointly":[115],"processes":[116],"spatial":[117],"frequency":[119],"domains":[120],"overcome":[122],"model\u2019s":[125],"bias":[126],"toward":[127],"low-frequency":[128],"components,":[129],"further":[130],"strengthening":[131],"background":[135],"clutter":[136],"Extensive":[139],"experiments":[140],"on":[141],"multiple":[142],"datasets":[144],"demonstrate":[145],"proposed":[148],"achieves":[150],"state-of-the-art":[151],"(SOTA)":[152],"performance":[153],"detection.":[158],"project":[160],"code":[161],"is":[162],"available":[163],"upon":[164],"acceptance.":[165]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-12-09T00:00:00"}