{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416649982","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2025.3636947","title":"FoBa: A Foreground\u2013Background Co-Guided Method and New Benchmark for Remote Sensing Semantic Change Detection","display_name":"FoBa: A Foreground\u2013Background Co-Guided Method and New Benchmark for Remote Sensing Semantic Change Detection","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416649982","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2025.3636947"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2025.3636947","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2025.3636947","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005661908","display_name":"Haotian Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1296-3984"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Haotian Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Aerospace Intelligent Science and Technology, School of Astronautics, and the Key Laboratory of Spacecraft Design Optimization and Dynamic Simulation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Beihang University, Beijing, China","Department of Aerospace Intelligent Science and Technology, School of Astronautics, Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Aerospace Intelligent Science and Technology, School of Astronautics, and the Key Laboratory of Spacecraft Design Optimization and Dynamic Simulation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Aerospace Intelligent Science and Technology, School of Astronautics, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005691886","display_name":"Han Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3613-0010"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Han Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Aerospace Intelligent Science and Technology, School of Astronautics, and the Key Laboratory of Spacecraft Design Optimization and Dynamic Simulation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Beihang University, Beijing, China","Department of Aerospace Intelligent Science and Technology, School of Astronautics, Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Aerospace Intelligent Science and Technology, School of Astronautics, and the Key Laboratory of Spacecraft Design Optimization and Dynamic Simulation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Aerospace Intelligent Science and Technology, School of Astronautics, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101518544","display_name":"Keyan Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0483-1306"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Keyan Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Aerospace Intelligent Science and Technology, School of Astronautics, and the Key Laboratory of Spacecraft Design Optimization and Dynamic Simulation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Beihang University, Beijing, China","Department of Aerospace Intelligent Science and Technology, School of Astronautics, Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Aerospace Intelligent Science and Technology, School of Astronautics, and the Key Laboratory of Spacecraft Design Optimization and Dynamic Simulation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Aerospace Intelligent Science and Technology, School of Astronautics, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100353576","display_name":"Hao Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6418-3761"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210100255","display_name":"Beijing Academy of Artificial Intelligence","ror":"https://ror.org/016a74861","country_code":"CN","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210100255"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391012619","display_name":"Shanghai Artificial Intelligence Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/03wkvpx79","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4391012619"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hao Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100255","https://openalex.org/I4391012619"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088611151","display_name":"Zhengxia Zou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1774-552X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhengxia Zou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Aerospace Intelligent Science and Technology, School of Astronautics, and the Key Laboratory of Spacecraft Design Optimization and Dynamic Simulation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Beihang University, Beijing, China","Department of Aerospace Intelligent Science and Technology, School of Astronautics, Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Aerospace Intelligent Science and Technology, School of Astronautics, and the Key Laboratory of Spacecraft Design Optimization and Dynamic Simulation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Aerospace Intelligent Science and Technology, School of Astronautics, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058849690","display_name":"Zhenwei Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4772-3172"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhenwei Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Aerospace Intelligent Science and Technology, School of Astronautics, and the Key Laboratory of Spacecraft Design Optimization and Dynamic Simulation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Beihang University, Beijing, China","Department of Aerospace Intelligent Science and Technology, School of Astronautics, Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Aerospace Intelligent Science and Technology, School of Astronautics, and the Key Laboratory of Spacecraft Design Optimization and Dynamic Simulation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Aerospace Intelligent Science and Technology, School of Astronautics, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5005661908"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0862,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85100004,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"63","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"19"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9891999959945679,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9891999959945679,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.005200000014156103,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10757","display_name":"Geographic Information Systems Studies","score":0.0008999999845400453,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3305","display_name":"Geography, Planning and Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/change-detection","display_name":"Change detection","score":0.7932999730110168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consistency","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","score":0.6625000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ambiguity","display_name":"Ambiguity","score":0.6539999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.6492999792098999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.5907999873161316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.4645000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/construct","display_name":"Construct (python library)","score":0.41440001130104065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beijing","display_name":"Beijing","score":0.3944999873638153}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8083999752998352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203595873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25389927","display_name":"Change detection","level":2,"score":0.7932999730110168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776436953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5163215","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","level":2,"score":0.6625000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780522230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1140419","display_name":"Ambiguity","level":2,"score":0.6539999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.6492999792098999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.5907999873161316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5370000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.48339998722076416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4645000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780801425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164392","display_name":"Construct (python library)","level":2,"score":0.41440001130104065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778304055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q657474","display_name":"Beijing","level":3,"score":0.3944999873638153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.3779999911785126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183365957","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17140402","display_name":"Remote sensing application","level":3,"score":0.36010000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36391188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1939117","display_name":"Semantic change","level":2,"score":0.337799996137619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775955345","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7449071","display_name":"Semantic mapping","level":2,"score":0.31859999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3107999861240387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.28780001401901245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.2847000062465668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.2703999876976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159620131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1938983","display_name":"Spatial analysis","level":2,"score":0.26179999113082886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.2612999975681305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.2554999887943268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.2538999915122986}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2025.3636947","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2025.3636947","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7398995703","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U24B20177","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7969261120","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"623B2013","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8062672451","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JL23005","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322919","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8320858330","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62125102","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322919","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":70,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1824774525","https://openalex.org/W1972022496","https://openalex.org/W2069746772","https://openalex.org/W2098594213","https://openalex.org/W2118116484","https://openalex.org/W2157026765","https://openalex.org/W2165577558","https://openalex.org/W2167093797","https://openalex.org/W2314745469","https://openalex.org/W2741377155","https://openalex.org/W2789944120","https://openalex.org/W2792827505","https://openalex.org/W2795587607","https://openalex.org/W2891248708","https://openalex.org/W2908320224","https://openalex.org/W2951991161","https://openalex.org/W2966542792","https://openalex.org/W3027225766","https://openalex.org/W3034218843","https://openalex.org/W3036453075","https://openalex.org/W3123813572","https://openalex.org/W3130754787","https://openalex.org/W3133726918","https://openalex.org/W3176330035","https://openalex.org/W3180045188","https://openalex.org/W3180799764","https://openalex.org/W3193414609","https://openalex.org/W3194467570","https://openalex.org/W3195032332","https://openalex.org/W3202757651","https://openalex.org/W3207476577","https://openalex.org/W3214719104","https://openalex.org/W3217456364","https://openalex.org/W4206591456","https://openalex.org/W4206903870","https://openalex.org/W4225672218","https://openalex.org/W4226305459","https://openalex.org/W4293193635","https://openalex.org/W4297883960","https://openalex.org/W4311187275","https://openalex.org/W4312979490","https://openalex.org/W4313438466","https://openalex.org/W4318767292","https://openalex.org/W4364323060","https://openalex.org/W4381617366","https://openalex.org/W4382628891","https://openalex.org/W4386028780","https://openalex.org/W4386030363","https://openalex.org/W4386299129","https://openalex.org/W4391547940","https://openalex.org/W4391992377","https://openalex.org/W4392909631","https://openalex.org/W4394007483","https://openalex.org/W4394585841","https://openalex.org/W4394944612","https://openalex.org/W4400448280","https://openalex.org/W4402264284","https://openalex.org/W4404787510","https://openalex.org/W4407937912","https://openalex.org/W4408520888","https://openalex.org/W4408792194","https://openalex.org/W4409152462","https://openalex.org/W4410226850","https://openalex.org/W4410738247","https://openalex.org/W4411255265","https://openalex.org/W4411551187","https://openalex.org/W4411640121","https://openalex.org/W4411948486","https://openalex.org/W4412171118","https://openalex.org/W4412972675"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Despite":[0],"the":[1,17,47,90,93,144,160,187,199,221],"remarkable":[2],"progress":[3],"achieved":[4],"in":[5,71,168,220],"remote":[6,84],"sensing":[7,85],"semantic":[8,149],"change":[9,26,29,54,97,102],"detection":[10,189],"(SCD),":[11],"two":[12],"major":[13],"challenges":[14],"remain.":[15],"At":[16,46],"data":[18],"level,":[19,49],"existing":[20],"SCD":[21,124],"datasets":[22,195],"suffer":[23],"from":[24],"limited":[25],"categories,":[27],"insufficient":[28],"types,":[30,103],"and":[31,99,115,136,165,198,218,227],"a":[32,60,80,121,172,180],"lack":[33],"of":[34,134,162,215],"fine-grained":[35,106],"class":[36,107],"definitions,":[37],"making":[38],"them":[39],"inadequate":[40],"to":[41,63,142,155,184,209],"fully":[42],"support":[43],"practical":[44],"applications.":[45],"methodological":[48],"most":[50],"current":[51,210],"approaches":[52],"underutilize":[53],"information,":[55],"typically":[56],"treating":[57],"it":[58],"as":[59],"post-processing":[61],"step":[62],"enhance":[64,186],"spatial":[65,166],"consistency,":[66],"which":[67,127],"constrains":[68],"further":[69,185],"improvements":[70,214],"model":[72,145],"performance.":[73,190],"To":[74],"address":[75],"these":[76],"issues,":[77],"we":[78,119,170],"construct":[79],"new":[81],"benchmark":[82],"for":[83],"SCD,":[86,169],"LevirSCD.":[87],"Focused":[88],"on":[89,132,193],"Beijing":[91],"area,":[92],"dataset":[94,228],"covers":[95],"16":[96],"categories":[98],"210":[100],"specific":[101],"with":[104,139,179,213],"more":[105],"definitions":[108],"(e.g.,":[109],"roads":[110],"are":[111,229],"divided":[112],"into":[113],"unpaved":[114],"paved":[116],"roads).":[117],"Furthermore,":[118],"propose":[120],"foreground-background":[122],"co-guided":[123],"(FoBa)":[125],"method,":[126],"leverages":[128],"foregrounds":[129],"that":[130,203],"focus":[131],"regions":[133],"interest":[135],"backgrounds":[137],"enriched":[138],"contextual":[140],"information":[141],"guide":[143],"collaboratively,":[146],"thereby":[147],"alleviating":[148],"ambiguity":[150],"while":[151],"enhancing":[152],"its":[153],"ability":[154],"detect":[156],"subtle":[157],"changes.":[158],"Considering":[159],"requirements":[161],"bi-temporal":[163],"interaction":[164,174],"consistency":[167,182],"introduce":[171],"gated":[173],"fusion":[175],"(GIF)":[176],"module":[177],"along":[178],"simple":[181],"loss":[183],"model\u2019s":[188],"Extensive":[191],"experiments":[192],"three":[194],"(SECOND,":[196],"JL1,":[197],"proposed":[200],"LevirSCD)":[201],"demonstrate":[202],"FoBa":[204],"achieves":[205],"competitive":[206],"results":[207],"compared":[208],"SOTA":[211],"methods,":[212],"1.48%,":[216],"3.61%,":[217],"2.81%":[219],"SeK":[222],"metric,":[223],"respectively.":[224],"Our":[225],"code":[226],"available":[230],"at":[231],"https://github.com/zmoka-zht/FoBa.":[232]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-11-25T00:00:00"}
