{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416756283","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2025.3636471","title":"A Signal-to-Noise Ratio-Based Compensation Method for Carrier Phase Coherency Indicators in GNSS Reflection Signals","display_name":"A Signal-to-Noise Ratio-Based Compensation Method for Carrier Phase Coherency Indicators in GNSS Reflection Signals","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416756283","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2025.3636471"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2025.3636471","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2025.3636471","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023147233","display_name":"Xiao Yan","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiao Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Marine Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1647-2915","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Marine Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068381476","display_name":"Yang Nan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9101-4007"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Nan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Marine Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9101-4007","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Marine Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070538976","display_name":"Bofeng Guo","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bofeng Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Marine Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4042-8955","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Marine Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102957562","display_name":"Xiaotong Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2323-2619"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaotong Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Marine Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Marine Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091470951","display_name":"Hao Du","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7567-5411"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I132487946","display_name":"Institute of Space Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/01vbgty78","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I132487946","https://openalex.org/I134820265"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134820265","display_name":"Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas","ror":"https://ror.org/02gfc7t72","country_code":"ES","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134820265"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hao Du","raw_affiliation_strings":["Earth Observation Research Group, Institute of Space Sciences (ICE), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain","Institute of Space Sciences (ICE), Earth Observation Research Group, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7567-5411","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Earth Observation Research Group, Institute of Space Sciences (ICE), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I132487946","https://openalex.org/I134820265"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Space Sciences (ICE), Earth Observation Research Group, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I132487946","https://openalex.org/I134820265"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101545126","display_name":"Zhaoyi Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-8284-3805"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhaoyi Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Marine Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-8284-3805","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Marine Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100450990","display_name":"Tong Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2664-1354"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tong Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Marine Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Marine Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5023147233"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.33094174,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"63","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"13"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":0.000699999975040555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11607","display_name":"Microwave and Dielectric Measurement Techniques","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gnss-applications","display_name":"GNSS applications","score":0.7310000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reflectometry","display_name":"Reflectometry","score":0.6718999743461609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coherence","display_name":"Coherence (philosophical gambling strategy)","score":0.6718000173568726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite-system","display_name":"Satellite system","score":0.476500004529953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/weighting","display_name":"Weighting","score":0.45159998536109924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.3562999963760376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/standard-deviation","display_name":"Standard deviation","score":0.34040001034736633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.31769999861717224}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14279187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5514012","display_name":"GNSS applications","level":3,"score":0.7310000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.6733999848365784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778925768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454718","display_name":"Reflectometry","level":3,"score":0.6718999743461609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781181686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4226068","display_name":"Coherence (philosophical gambling strategy)","level":2,"score":0.6718000173568726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5834000110626221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778027091","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25346003","display_name":"Satellite system","level":4,"score":0.476500004529953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183115368","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856577","display_name":"Weighting","level":2,"score":0.45159998536109924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.3562999963760376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.35420000553131104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22679943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159375","display_name":"Standard deviation","level":2,"score":0.34040001034736633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.31769999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.31529998779296875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104267543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208163","display_name":"Signal processing","level":3,"score":0.31470000743865967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36301306","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179435","display_name":"Satellite navigation","level":3,"score":0.3043999969959259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166689943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q850283","display_name":"Interferometry","level":2,"score":0.29739999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780023022","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1338171","display_name":"Compensation (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.2935999929904938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125112378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176640","display_name":"Randomness","level":2,"score":0.2791000008583069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65682993","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1056451","display_name":"Reflection (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.2759999930858612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57747864","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7180948","display_name":"Phase distortion","level":3,"score":0.2754000127315521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10801956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17008754","display_name":"Degree of coherence","level":3,"score":0.27070000767707825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205372480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210521","display_name":"Image resolution","level":2,"score":0.2694999873638153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780648208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3001793","display_name":"Land cover","level":3,"score":0.2680000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.26260000467300415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.2581000030040741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47091857","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4118612","display_name":"Coherence time","level":3,"score":0.25029999017715454}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2025.3636471","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2025.3636471","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:digital.csic.es:10261/415842","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10261/415842","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400616","display_name":"DIGITAL.CSIC (Spanish National Research Council (CSIC))","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I134820265","host_organization_name":"Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134820265"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2717360642","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42474016","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3308175215","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42304017","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4072328801","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"24JCQNJC01460","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323993","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin City"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6509254522","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2025XJ2-0005","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335920","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Nantong University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6791420343","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2024YFB3910002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323993","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin City","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335920","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Nantong University","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1840723247","https://openalex.org/W2004258525","https://openalex.org/W2022050692","https://openalex.org/W2056435747","https://openalex.org/W2155979668","https://openalex.org/W2232192374","https://openalex.org/W2460583900","https://openalex.org/W2486430858","https://openalex.org/W2560167313","https://openalex.org/W2560452920","https://openalex.org/W2606882776","https://openalex.org/W2625413745","https://openalex.org/W2745135761","https://openalex.org/W2774327481","https://openalex.org/W2775342532","https://openalex.org/W2801770031","https://openalex.org/W2807836695","https://openalex.org/W2890433803","https://openalex.org/W2900505804","https://openalex.org/W2944709770","https://openalex.org/W2972253584","https://openalex.org/W2972754538","https://openalex.org/W2978496333","https://openalex.org/W2984353343","https://openalex.org/W2997873483","https://openalex.org/W3024756036","https://openalex.org/W3048947513","https://openalex.org/W3099400782","https://openalex.org/W3110380650","https://openalex.org/W3120290072","https://openalex.org/W3130917421","https://openalex.org/W3130973427","https://openalex.org/W3135873562","https://openalex.org/W3172325092","https://openalex.org/W3212716495","https://openalex.org/W3215251323","https://openalex.org/W4214493158","https://openalex.org/W4220871038","https://openalex.org/W4312341436","https://openalex.org/W4376870264","https://openalex.org/W4377001548","https://openalex.org/W4387745402","https://openalex.org/W4387802006","https://openalex.org/W4399403471","https://openalex.org/W4402144842","https://openalex.org/W4408841143","https://openalex.org/W4411554161"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Global":[0],"navigation":[1],"satellite":[2],"system":[3],"reflectometry":[4],"(GNSS-R)":[5],"is":[6,218],"a":[7,115,141],"passive":[8],"remote":[9],"sensing":[10],"technique":[11],"that":[12,60,85,168,187],"utilizes":[13],"GNSS":[14,34],"signals":[15,35],"reflected":[16],"from":[17],"the":[18,73,98,103,108,123,159,163,169,182,188,204],"Earth's":[19],"surface":[20,29],"to":[21,72,118,145,220,224],"monitor":[22],"ocean":[23],"winds,":[24],"soil":[25],"moisture,":[26],"sea":[27],"ice,":[28],"water,":[30],"and":[31,40,56,77,113,120,128,139,162,222,226],"vegetation.":[32],"Reflected":[33],"consist":[36],"of":[37],"both":[38],"coherent":[39,47,99],"incoherent":[41,45],"components;":[42],"compared":[43],"with":[44],"scattering,":[46],"reflections":[48],"provide":[49],"stronger":[50],"signal":[51],"strength,":[52],"finer":[53],"spatial":[54],"resolution,":[55],"stable":[57],"carrier-phase":[58],"properties":[59],"are":[61,69],"essential":[62],"for":[63,122],"high-precision":[64],"retrievals.":[65],"However,":[66],"coherence":[67,87,104,194],"indicators":[68],"highly":[70],"sensitive":[71],"signal-to-noise":[74],"ratio":[75],"(SNR),":[76],"under":[78],"low-SNR":[79,177],"conditions,":[80],"they":[81],"exhibit":[82],"systematic":[83],"compression":[84,175],"degrades":[86],"detection":[88],"performance.":[89],"To":[90],"address":[91],"this":[92,94],"issue,":[93],"article":[95],"focuses":[96],"on":[97,197],"coefficient":[100],"(CC)":[101],"-":[102,112],"indicator":[105],"adopted":[106],"by":[107,195,207],"upcoming":[109],"HydroGNSS":[110],"mission":[111],"proposes":[114],"simulation-driven":[116],"framework":[117],"model":[119],"compensate":[121],"nonlinear":[124],"relationship":[125],"between":[126],"SNR":[127],"CC.":[129],"The":[130,215],"method":[131,191],"constructs":[132],"an":[133],"empirical":[134],"SNR-CC":[135],"mapping":[136],"through":[137],"simulations":[138],"introduces":[140],"dynamic":[142],"weighting":[143],"scheme":[144],"adaptively":[146],"correct":[147],"observed":[148],"CC":[149,174],"values.":[150],"Validation":[151],"using":[152],"CYGNSS":[153],"complex-waveform":[154],"data":[155],"over":[156,181],"Qinghai":[157],"Lake,":[158],"Amazon":[160],"Basin,":[161],"Mississippi":[164,183],"River":[165,184],"Basin":[166,185],"demonstrates":[167],"proposed":[170,189,216],"approach":[171,217],"effectively":[172],"mitigates":[173],"in":[176,199],"regimes.":[178],"Statistical":[179],"analyses":[180],"demonstrate":[186],"compensation":[190],"improves":[192],"mean":[193],"0.1-0.2":[196],"average":[198],"low-coherence":[200],"surface,":[201],"while":[202],"reducing":[203],"standard":[205],"deviation":[206],"10%-20%":[208],"across":[209],"major":[210],"land":[211],"cover":[212],"(LC)":[213],"classes.":[214],"straightforward":[219],"implement":[221],"applicable":[223],"current":[225],"future":[227],"high-temporal-resolution":[228],"GNSS-R":[229],"missions.":[230]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-12-05T23:21:25.405358","created_date":"2025-11-25T00:00:00"}