{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416582866","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2025.3636199","title":"Physics-Guided Joint Multisource GNSS-R Soil Moisture Retrieval in the Yellow River Delta","display_name":"Physics-Guided Joint Multisource GNSS-R Soil Moisture Retrieval in the Yellow River Delta","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416582866","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2025.3636199"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2025.3636199","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2025.3636199","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100824896","display_name":"Song Dai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5413-7635"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162190","display_name":"China University of Petroleum, East China","ror":"https://ror.org/05gbn2817","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Song Dai","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Oceanography and Space Informatics, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5413-7635","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Oceanography and Space Informatics, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043529874","display_name":"Dongmei Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2420-8012"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162190","display_name":"China University of Petroleum, East China","ror":"https://ror.org/05gbn2817","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dongmei Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Oceanography and Space Informatics, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2420-8012","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Oceanography and Space Informatics, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015828423","display_name":"Erdenesukh Sumiya","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6589-3917"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I64222039","display_name":"National University of Mongolia","ror":"https://ror.org/04855bv47","country_code":"MN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I64222039"]}],"countries":["MN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sumiya Erdenesukh","raw_affiliation_strings":["National University of Mongolia (NUM), Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6589-3917","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National University of Mongolia (NUM), Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I64222039"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101872234","display_name":"Ronghan Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0490-0199"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141301092","display_name":"China Meteorological Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/00bx3rb98","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141301092"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ronghan Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Radiometric Calibration and Validation for Environmental Satellites, National Satellite Meteorological Center (National Center for Space Weather), China Meteorological Administration, Beijing, China","National Satellite Meteorological Center (National Center for Space Weather), Key Laboratory of Radiometric Calibration and Va lidation for Environmental Satellites, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0490-0199","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Radiometric Calibration and Validation for Environmental Satellites, National Satellite Meteorological Center (National Center for Space Weather), China Meteorological Administration, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141301092"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Satellite Meteorological Center (National Center for Space Weather), Key Laboratory of Radiometric Calibration and Va lidation for Environmental Satellites, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141301092"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076464484","display_name":"Mei Yong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2280-2640"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I22046295","display_name":"Inner Mongolia Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/0497ase59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I22046295"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mei Yong","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Geographical Sciences, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot, China","College of Geographical Sciences, I nner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Geographical Sciences, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I22046295"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Geographical Sciences, I nner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I22046295"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100449076","display_name":"Bin Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2565-1013"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162190","display_name":"China University of Petroleum, East China","ror":"https://ror.org/05gbn2817","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bin Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Oceanography and Space Informatics, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2565-1013","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Oceanography and Space Informatics, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073858006","display_name":"Yuhai Bao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5661-291X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I22046295","display_name":"Inner Mongolia Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/0497ase59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I22046295"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuhai Bao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Geographical Sciences, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot, China","College of Geographical Sciences, I nner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Geographical Sciences, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I22046295"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Geographical Sciences, I nner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I22046295"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100824896"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.31831071,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"63","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"18"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10770","display_name":"Soil Geostatistics and Mapping","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","score":0.5699999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.4758000075817108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/joint","display_name":"Joint (building)","score":0.47440001368522644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.4133000075817108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-fusion","display_name":"Image fusion","score":0.38530001044273376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensor-fusion","display_name":"Sensor fusion","score":0.38040000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-content","display_name":"Water content","score":0.3772999942302704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fusion","display_name":"Fusion","score":0.375}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.6614000201225281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777210771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927124","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","level":2,"score":0.5699999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5205000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5180000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.4758000075817108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18555067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8375051","display_name":"Joint (building)","level":2,"score":0.47440001368522644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.4133000075817108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69744172","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860822","display_name":"Image fusion","level":3,"score":0.38530001044273376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33954974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q486494","display_name":"Sensor fusion","level":2,"score":0.38040000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24939127","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q373499","display_name":"Water content","level":2,"score":0.3772999942302704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158525013","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2593739","display_name":"Fusion","level":2,"score":0.375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778925768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454718","display_name":"Reflectometry","level":3,"score":0.3691999912261963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.3529999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176864760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q217651","display_name":"Moisture","level":2,"score":0.34700000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.3370000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778027091","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25346003","display_name":"Satellite system","level":4,"score":0.328000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135114317","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43197","display_name":"River delta","level":3,"score":0.304500013589859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3043999969959259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87456703","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q247760","display_name":"Radiometry","level":2,"score":0.2953999936580658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139945424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940696","display_name":"Mean squared error","level":2,"score":0.2777000069618225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50477045","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1444790","display_name":"Surface runoff","level":2,"score":0.26440000534057617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196216189","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2867","display_name":"Wavelet transform","level":3,"score":0.2639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159078339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959005","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","level":2,"score":0.263700008392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173163844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1761440","display_name":"Multispectral image","level":2,"score":0.2565999925136566}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2025.3636199","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2025.3636199","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2550276399","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ZR2022MD015","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324174","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2899905211","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U22A20586","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334015","funder_display_name":"Joint Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China and the Karst Science Research Center of Guizhou Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5380943544","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"24CX02030A","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8530621973","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42330602","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324174","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334015","display_name":"Joint Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China and the Karst Science Research Center of Guizhou Province","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":51,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1995167593","https://openalex.org/W1998742682","https://openalex.org/W2030209988","https://openalex.org/W2044927495","https://openalex.org/W2046068748","https://openalex.org/W2066247114","https://openalex.org/W2069756757","https://openalex.org/W2108031818","https://openalex.org/W2294083781","https://openalex.org/W2605990263","https://openalex.org/W2764034829","https://openalex.org/W2768147268","https://openalex.org/W2802220396","https://openalex.org/W2916909768","https://openalex.org/W2959824742","https://openalex.org/W2978354175","https://openalex.org/W2988532301","https://openalex.org/W3037068793","https://openalex.org/W3099860989","https://openalex.org/W3107563704","https://openalex.org/W3159678624","https://openalex.org/W3172002582","https://openalex.org/W3201143527","https://openalex.org/W4289913107","https://openalex.org/W4290755519","https://openalex.org/W4306398710","https://openalex.org/W4321232189","https://openalex.org/W4323365053","https://openalex.org/W4362473603","https://openalex.org/W4365798423","https://openalex.org/W4377001548","https://openalex.org/W4378086595","https://openalex.org/W4381804256","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W4386417879","https://openalex.org/W4388540867","https://openalex.org/W4391982992","https://openalex.org/W4392980109","https://openalex.org/W4393864384","https://openalex.org/W4398760306","https://openalex.org/W4399768349","https://openalex.org/W4402144842","https://openalex.org/W4403588506","https://openalex.org/W4404238676","https://openalex.org/W4404371699","https://openalex.org/W4404795679","https://openalex.org/W4406010145","https://openalex.org/W4406262242","https://openalex.org/W4407762817","https://openalex.org/W4408851317","https://openalex.org/W4410633169"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Global":[0],"navigation":[1,148],"satellite":[2,149],"system":[3,150],"reflectometry":[4],"(GNSS-R)":[5],"is":[6],"widely":[7],"used":[8],"for":[9,39],"soil":[10,159],"moisture":[11,160],"retrieval.":[12],"To":[13],"mitigate":[14],"heterogeneity":[15],"between":[16,110,126],"delay\u2013doppler":[17],"map":[18],"(DDM)":[19],"and":[20,23,50,71,81,97,107,114,128,153,156,179],"auxiliary":[21,76,112],"features":[22,68,113],"to":[24,65,103,133],"impose":[25],"physical":[26],"constraints":[27],"in":[28],"fusion":[29,36,89,94,100],"modeling,":[30],"we":[31],"propose":[32],"a":[33,45,51,123,141],"physics-guided":[34],"cross-feature":[35,48,88,93,99],"network":[37],"(PCF-Net)":[38],"the":[40,56,135,187],"Yellow":[41],"River":[42],"Delta,":[43],"comprising":[44],"multi-feature":[46,57],"input,":[47],"fusion,":[49],"physics-constrained":[52,119],"retrieval":[53,120,173],"module.":[54],"Specifically,":[55],"input":[58],"module":[59,90,121],"employs":[60],"convolutional":[61],"neural":[62],"networks":[63],"(CNNs)":[64],"extract":[66],"spatial\u2013local":[67],"from":[69,75,145],"DDM":[70,115],"deep":[72,108],"semantic":[73],"information":[74],"data,":[77],"enabling":[78],"structural":[79],"alignment":[80],"unified":[82],"embedding":[83],"of":[84,167,177,181],"heterogeneous":[85],"modalities.":[86],"The":[87,118,164],"adopts":[91],"mamba-based":[92],"(MCF)":[95],"block":[96,102],"transformer-based":[98],"(TCF)":[101],"achieve":[104],"bidirectional":[105],"interaction":[106],"coupling":[109],"one-dimensional":[111],"image":[116],"features.":[117],"constructs":[122],"physics-consistency":[124],"loss":[125],"measured":[127],"simulated":[129],"GNSS-R":[130,143,169],"surface":[131],"reflectivity":[132],"regularize":[134],"training":[136],"process.":[137],"We":[138],"further":[139],"construct":[140],"multi-source":[142,168],"dataset":[144],"cyclone":[146],"global":[147],"(CYGNSS),":[151],"Tianmu-1,":[152],"fengyun-3E":[154],"(FY-3E)":[155],"validate":[157],"against":[158],"active":[161],"passive":[162],"(SMAP).":[163],"joint":[165],"use":[166],"data":[170],"markedly":[171],"improves":[172],"accuracy,":[174],"achieving":[175],"R":[176],"0.9805":[178],"RMSE":[180],"0.0176":[182],"cm\u00b3/cm\u00b3,":[183],"demonstrating":[184],"effectiveness":[185],"at":[186],"regional":[188],"scale.":[189]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-12-05T23:21:25.405358","created_date":"2025-11-25T00:00:00"}