{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416323864","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2025.3634200","title":"Spatial Attention-Based Convoluted Gazelle Neural Network (SACGNN): Advanced Clutter Removal Across Diverse Surfaces","display_name":"Spatial Attention-Based Convoluted Gazelle Neural Network (SACGNN): Advanced Clutter Removal Across Diverse Surfaces","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416323864","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2025.3634200"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2025.3634200","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2025.3634200","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054533626","display_name":"Buddepu Santhosh Kumar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7448-3941"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I81556334","display_name":"Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham","ror":"https://ror.org/03am10p12","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I81556334"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Santhosh Kumar Buddepu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Amrita School of Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amaravathi, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7448-3941","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Amrita School of Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amaravathi, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I81556334"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047420983","display_name":"Vineela Chandra Dodda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7324-2949"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I81556334","display_name":"Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham","ror":"https://ror.org/03am10p12","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I81556334"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vineela Chandra Dodda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Amrita School of Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amaravathi, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7324-2949","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Amrita School of Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amaravathi, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I81556334"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015722972","display_name":"Ajit Kumar Sahoo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0440-6759"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16292982","display_name":"National Institute of Technology Rourkela","ror":"https://ror.org/011gmn932","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16292982"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ajit Kumar Sahoo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0440-6759","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16292982"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005175974","display_name":"Subrata Maiti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8161-7496"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16292982","display_name":"National Institute of Technology Rourkela","ror":"https://ror.org/011gmn932","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16292982"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Subrata Maiti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8161-7496","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16292982"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.26775521,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"63","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"14"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11609","display_name":"Geophysical Methods and Applications","score":0.9103000164031982,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11609","display_name":"Geophysical Methods and Applications","score":0.9103000164031982,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11739","display_name":"Microwave Imaging and Scattering Analysis","score":0.04820000007748604,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11698","display_name":"Underwater Acoustics Research","score":0.006000000052154064,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clutter","display_name":"Clutter","score":0.9786999821662903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/residual","display_name":"Residual","score":0.6531999707221985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constant-false-alarm-rate","display_name":"Constant false alarm rate","score":0.6114000082015991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ground-penetrating-radar","display_name":"Ground-penetrating radar","score":0.5335000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.507099986076355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.48840001225471497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.4819999933242798}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132094186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q641585","display_name":"Clutter","level":3,"score":0.9786999821662903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155512373","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287450","display_name":"Residual","level":2,"score":0.6531999707221985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6166999936103821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77052588","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q644307","display_name":"Constant false alarm rate","level":2,"score":0.6114000082015991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5691999793052673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71813955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q503560","display_name":"Ground-penetrating radar","level":3,"score":0.5335000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.507099986076355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.48840001225471497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.4855000078678131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.4819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.43700000643730164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.35850000381469727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.32190001010894775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.3192000091075897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10929652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7279985","display_name":"Radar imaging","level":3,"score":0.3043000102043152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.2827000021934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987759513","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar signal processing","level":4,"score":0.2757999897003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131493965","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7279983","display_name":"Radar horizon","level":5,"score":0.2621999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777210771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927124","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","level":2,"score":0.2587999999523163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67186912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367664","display_name":"Data modeling","level":2,"score":0.2565999925136566}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2025.3634200","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2025.3634200","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W40619706","https://openalex.org/W84331603","https://openalex.org/W315693871","https://openalex.org/W1963858050","https://openalex.org/W2064076387","https://openalex.org/W2133967496","https://openalex.org/W2528186534","https://openalex.org/W2562637781","https://openalex.org/W2735089946","https://openalex.org/W2735688665","https://openalex.org/W2774603543","https://openalex.org/W2910031945","https://openalex.org/W2972774735","https://openalex.org/W3016990741","https://openalex.org/W3162912023","https://openalex.org/W3185315065","https://openalex.org/W4224951256","https://openalex.org/W4226458280","https://openalex.org/W4280551717","https://openalex.org/W4306922461","https://openalex.org/W4390939865","https://openalex.org/W4391305858","https://openalex.org/W4392910810","https://openalex.org/W4394002349","https://openalex.org/W4401443415"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"presence":[1],"of":[2,15,22,38],"clutter":[3,28,35,48,58,102,126],"in":[4,33,49,57,125],"ground":[5],"penetrating":[6],"radar":[7],"(GPR)":[8],"images":[9],"obscures":[10],"or":[11,36],"distorts":[12],"the":[13,20,66,117,120],"responses":[14],"subsurface":[16],"targets,":[17],"significantly":[18],"impacting":[19],"accuracy":[21],"detecting":[23],"and":[24,46,85,103,113,137],"identifying":[25],"targets.":[26],"Current":[27],"removal":[29,59,127],"approaches":[30],"often":[31],"result":[32],"residual":[34,88],"deformation":[37],"target":[39,105],"responses,":[40],"especially":[41],"when":[42],"confronted":[43],"with":[44],"intricate":[45],"uneven":[47],"real-world":[50],"GPR":[51],"signatures.":[52],"To":[53],"address":[54],"this":[55,63],"issue":[56],"under":[60],"realistic":[61],"conditions,":[62],"research":[64],"introduces":[65],"Spatial":[67],"Attention-based":[68],"Convoluted":[69],"Gazelle":[70],"Neural":[71],"Network":[72],"(SACGNN).":[73],"SACGNN":[74,118],"is":[75],"trained":[76],"on":[77,107],"large-scale":[78],"dataset":[79],"designed":[80],"to":[81,100],"reflect":[82],"real-time":[83],"conditions":[84],"incorporates":[86],"a":[87,133],"block":[89],"into":[90],"its":[91,98],"spatial":[92],"attention-based":[93],"architecture.":[94],"This":[95],"integration":[96],"enhances":[97],"ability":[99],"suppress":[101],"restore":[104],"reflections":[106],"surfaces":[108],"like":[109],"homogeneous,":[110],"rough,":[111],"water,":[112],"grass":[114],"surfaces.":[115],"Tuning":[116],"using":[119],"gazelle":[121],"optimization":[122],"algorithm":[123],"excels":[124],"by":[128],"offering":[129],"faster":[130],"convergence,":[131],"maintaining":[132],"balanced":[134],"exploration-exploitation":[135],"trade-off,":[136],"enhancing":[138],"robustness":[139],"across":[140],"various":[141],"data":[142],"patterns.":[143]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-08-13T07:04:57.449891","created_date":"2025-11-18T00:00:00"}