{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4415707431","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2025.3627303","title":"Multimodal Remote Sensing of Thunderstorm Charge Motion: A Radar Echo and Electric Field Fusion Approach","display_name":"Multimodal Remote Sensing of Thunderstorm Charge Motion: A Radar Echo and Electric Field Fusion Approach","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4415707431","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2025.3627303"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2025.3627303","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2025.3627303","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007548975","display_name":"Yang Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6877-5641"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I199305430","display_name":"Nantong University","ror":"https://ror.org/02afcvw97","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I199305430"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xu Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Technology, Nantong University, Nantong, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6877-5641","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Technology, Nantong University, Nantong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I199305430"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006903289","display_name":"Hongyan Xing","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3204-3457"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200845125","display_name":"Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02y0rxk19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongyan Xing","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3204-3457","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085581846","display_name":"Fa Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7089-5386"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I167027274","display_name":"Nanjing Forestry University","ror":"https://ror.org/03m96p165","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I167027274"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fa Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Science and Technology and Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China","College of Information Science and Technology & Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7089-5386","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Technology and Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I167027274"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Technology & Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I167027274"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100454438","display_name":"Yong Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0835-0788"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127816","display_name":"San\u2019an Optoelectronics (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/03hjnd594","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127816"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yong Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanjing Longyuan Microelectronics Company Ltd., Nanjing, China","Nanjing Longyuan Microelectronics Company Limited, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanjing Longyuan Microelectronics Company Ltd., Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127816"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanjing Longyuan Microelectronics Company Limited, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127816"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025314362","display_name":"David Camacho","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5051-3475"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I88060688","display_name":"Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/03n6nwv02","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I88060688"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Camacho","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Systems Engineering Department, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5051-3475","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Systems Engineering Department, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I88060688"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062145159","display_name":"Xudong Dong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3640-3018"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50760025","display_name":"Hangzhou Dianzi University","ror":"https://ror.org/0576gt767","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xudong Dong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Communication Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3640-3018","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Communication Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003799782","display_name":"Witold Pedrycz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9335-9930"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154425047","display_name":"University of Alberta","ror":"https://ror.org/0160cpw27","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Witold Pedrycz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9335-9930","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5007548975"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I199305430"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.21060564,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"63","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"13"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10787","display_name":"Lightning and Electromagnetic Phenomena","score":0.9006999731063843,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10787","display_name":"Lightning and Electromagnetic Phenomena","score":0.9006999731063843,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10466","display_name":"Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations","score":0.02449999935925007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11234","display_name":"Precipitation Measurement and Analysis","score":0.008500000461935997,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.6703000068664551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thunderstorm","display_name":"Thunderstorm","score":0.6248000264167786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lidar","display_name":"Lidar","score":0.4991999864578247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensor-fusion","display_name":"Sensor fusion","score":0.4417000114917755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.4205999970436096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calibration","display_name":"Calibration","score":0.3901999890804291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/storm","display_name":"Storm","score":0.37529999017715454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-field","display_name":"Electric field","score":0.36719998717308044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-imaging","display_name":"Radar imaging","score":0.3589000105857849}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.8319000005722046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.6703000068664551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80316258","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2857578","display_name":"Thunderstorm","level":2,"score":0.6248000264167786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.516700029373169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51399673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504027","display_name":"Lidar","level":2,"score":0.4991999864578247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33954974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q486494","display_name":"Sensor fusion","level":2,"score":0.4417000114917755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4205999970436096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165838908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q736777","display_name":"Calibration","level":2,"score":0.3901999890804291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105306849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81054","display_name":"Storm","level":2,"score":0.37529999017715454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60799052","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46221","display_name":"Electric field","level":2,"score":0.36719998717308044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10929652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7279985","display_name":"Radar imaging","level":3,"score":0.3589000105857849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776436953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5163215","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","level":2,"score":0.34610000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.34290000796318054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92237259","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q863343","display_name":"Weather radar","level":3,"score":0.329800009727478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69398868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q129052","display_name":"Lightning (connector)","level":3,"score":0.32749998569488525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.32670000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779426996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18389128","display_name":"Echo (communications protocol)","level":2,"score":0.3262999951839447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81076408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q229387","display_name":"3D radar","level":5,"score":0.31290000677108765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158525013","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2593739","display_name":"Fusion","level":2,"score":0.3127000033855438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134406370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q832005","display_name":"Radar engineering details","level":4,"score":0.296099990606308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13662910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193139","display_name":"Trajectory","level":2,"score":0.29510000348091125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47279414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q427085","display_name":"Atmospheric electricity","level":3,"score":0.29269999265670776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.2825999855995178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.27300000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183365957","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17140402","display_name":"Remote sensing application","level":3,"score":0.26930001378059387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118365302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4817115","display_name":"Atmospheric model","level":2,"score":0.2542000114917755}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2025.3627303","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2025.3627303","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1502059378","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62171228","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1914940224","https://openalex.org/W1979813670","https://openalex.org/W2009031048","https://openalex.org/W2597047806","https://openalex.org/W2948248634","https://openalex.org/W3133433050","https://openalex.org/W4225736959","https://openalex.org/W4226005233","https://openalex.org/W4310667969","https://openalex.org/W4313149227","https://openalex.org/W4366112259","https://openalex.org/W4383750959","https://openalex.org/W4389065318","https://openalex.org/W4391406291","https://openalex.org/W4391449232","https://openalex.org/W4400878128","https://openalex.org/W4401163860","https://openalex.org/W4402986541","https://openalex.org/W4406194178","https://openalex.org/W4406610984","https://openalex.org/W4406821798","https://openalex.org/W4407736640","https://openalex.org/W4407870507","https://openalex.org/W4408327117","https://openalex.org/W4408934895","https://openalex.org/W4409202067","https://openalex.org/W4409234665","https://openalex.org/W4410986195","https://openalex.org/W4411143281","https://openalex.org/W4411948910","https://openalex.org/W6903391266"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"precise":[1],"observation":[2],"of":[3,13],"thunderstorm":[4,121],"charge":[5,41,98],"motion":[6],"remains":[7],"challenging":[8],"due":[9],"to":[10,59,78,88],"the":[11],"limitations":[12],"single-modal":[14],"remote":[15,24,50,117],"sensing":[16,25,51,118],"techniques.":[17],"This":[18],"paper":[19],"proposes":[20],"a":[21,54,83,115],"novel":[22],"multimodal":[23],"framework":[26],"integrating":[27],"radar":[28,65],"echo":[29],"intensity":[30],"(REI)":[31],"and":[32],"atmospheric":[33],"electric":[34],"field":[35],"(AEF)":[36],"data":[37],"for":[38,120],"three-dimensional":[39],"(3D)":[40],"localization.":[42],"Our":[43],"approach":[44],"tackles":[45],"critical":[46],"challenges":[47],"in":[48],"meteorological":[49],"by":[52],"introducing":[53],"high-precision":[55],"spatiotemporal":[56],"calibration":[57],"protocol":[58],"align":[60],"high-frequency":[61],"AEF":[62],"with":[63,68,106],"low-frequency":[64],"scans,":[66],"along":[67],"physics-constrained":[69],"feature":[70],"fusion":[71],"that":[72],"incorporates":[73],"an":[74],"AEF-REI":[75],"interaction":[76],"term":[77],"enhance":[79],"robustness.":[80],"We":[81],"develop":[82],"Bayesian-optimized":[84],"random":[85],"forest":[86],"model":[87],"improve":[89],"localization":[90],"accuracy":[91],"under":[92],"non-stationary":[93],"conditions.":[94],"Validated":[95],"via":[96],"3D":[97],"trajectory":[99],"reconstruction,":[100],"our":[101],"method":[102],"achieves":[103],"strong":[104],"consistency":[105],"radar-observed":[107],"storm":[108],"core":[109],"movements,":[110],"demonstrating":[111],"its":[112],"potential":[113],"as":[114],"new":[116],"paradigm":[119],"monitoring.":[122]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-11T23:18:09.558992","created_date":"2025-10-30T00:00:00"}