{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4415481225","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2025.3624449","title":"Frequency\u2013Spatial Interaction Reinforcement Paradigm for Infrared Small Target Detection","display_name":"Frequency\u2013Spatial Interaction Reinforcement Paradigm for Infrared Small Target Detection","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4415481225","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2025.3624449"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2025.3624449","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2025.3624449","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070122639","display_name":"Yongji Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2212-7673"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongji Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2212-7673","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100748064","display_name":"Luping Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4119-4799"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luping Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4119-4799","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101935349","display_name":"Shichao Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5157-9946"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shichao Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x2019;an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5157-9946","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":11.721,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98037516,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"63","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"15"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12389","display_name":"Infrared Target Detection Methodologies","score":0.9955000281333923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12389","display_name":"Infrared Target Detection Methodologies","score":0.9955000281333923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14158","display_name":"Optical Systems and Laser Technology","score":0.9889000058174133,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13869","display_name":"Ocular and Laser Science Research","score":0.9775999784469604,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4641999900341034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.4341000020503998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chaotic","display_name":"Chaotic","score":0.4309000074863434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.4059000015258789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformation","display_name":"Transformation (genetics)","score":0.4027999937534332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.38589999079704285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.37400001287460327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/infrared","display_name":"Infrared","score":0.3659999966621399}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7056999802589417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5514000058174133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4641999900341034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.4341000020503998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777052490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5072826","display_name":"Chaotic","level":2,"score":0.4309000074863434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4059000015258789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204241405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461499","display_name":"Transformation (genetics)","level":3,"score":0.4027999937534332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3977999985218048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.38589999079704285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.37400001287460327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158355884","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11388","display_name":"Infrared","level":2,"score":0.3659999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129844170","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41299","display_name":"Quadratic equation","level":2,"score":0.33090001344680786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83665646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42139305","display_name":"Feature vector","level":2,"score":0.28610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.28290000557899475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100921725","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1650811","display_name":"Spatial frequency","level":2,"score":0.2757999897003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.2702000141143799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776502983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690182","display_name":"Contrast (vision)","level":2,"score":0.26930001378059387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125411270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18653","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","level":2,"score":0.2685999870300293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167740415","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2876213","display_name":"Aerospace","level":2,"score":0.26739999651908875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.26159998774528503}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2025.3624449","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2025.3624449","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":54,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1992426838","https://openalex.org/W2006851788","https://openalex.org/W2049769803","https://openalex.org/W2741058951","https://openalex.org/W2774646044","https://openalex.org/W2991758591","https://openalex.org/W3086144474","https://openalex.org/W3088317060","https://openalex.org/W3118647853","https://openalex.org/W3124866053","https://openalex.org/W3131633592","https://openalex.org/W3138516171","https://openalex.org/W3171950886","https://openalex.org/W3212966035","https://openalex.org/W4213019189","https://openalex.org/W4285259796","https://openalex.org/W4304084055","https://openalex.org/W4313065862","https://openalex.org/W4313506322","https://openalex.org/W4313549920","https://openalex.org/W4317794940","https://openalex.org/W4320005476","https://openalex.org/W4362500629","https://openalex.org/W4366668641","https://openalex.org/W4372267081","https://openalex.org/W4378194596","https://openalex.org/W4383813293","https://openalex.org/W4387831814","https://openalex.org/W4390603723","https://openalex.org/W4390905672","https://openalex.org/W4391250905","https://openalex.org/W4391376377","https://openalex.org/W4391943446","https://openalex.org/W4393148032","https://openalex.org/W4394597260","https://openalex.org/W4394706539","https://openalex.org/W4396570808","https://openalex.org/W4396629505","https://openalex.org/W4399154429","https://openalex.org/W4401002062","https://openalex.org/W4401596737","https://openalex.org/W4401725555","https://openalex.org/W4402159374","https://openalex.org/W4402952320","https://openalex.org/W4403152483","https://openalex.org/W4403365605","https://openalex.org/W4403977303","https://openalex.org/W4404177154","https://openalex.org/W4404635233","https://openalex.org/W4406047438","https://openalex.org/W4406260040","https://openalex.org/W4410770557","https://openalex.org/W4412021232","https://openalex.org/W4414243662"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Infrared":[0,14],"(IR)":[1],"search":[2],"and":[3,11,22,95,100,119,152],"track":[4],"systems":[5],"are":[6,37],"widely":[7],"applied":[8],"in":[9,19],"aerospace":[10],"defense":[12],"fields.":[13],"small":[15,35,91,109,128,147],"target":[16,148],"detection":[17],"(IRSTD)":[18],"heavy":[20],"clouds":[21],"chaotic":[23],"terrestrial":[24],"environments":[25],"remains":[26],"a":[27,64],"challenging":[28],"task.":[29],"The":[30,80,111],"semantic":[31,106],"features":[32,107,121],"of":[33,45,108,127],"IR":[34],"targets":[36,92],"highly":[38],"prone":[39],"to":[40,122,143],"vanishing":[41],"with":[42,49],"the":[43,74,105,124,132,134,145],"addition":[44],"network":[46],"layers.":[47],"Transformer":[48],"quadratic":[50],"computational":[51],"complexity":[52],"struggles":[53],"for":[54],"local":[55],"feature":[56],"refinement.":[57],"To":[58,130],"tackle":[59],"this":[60],"issue,":[61],"we":[62],"introduce":[63],"Mamba-driven":[65],"approach":[66],"dubbed":[67],"Frequency-Spatial":[68],"Interaction":[69],"Reinforcement":[70,136],"Network":[71],"(FIRE-Net).":[72],"Specifically,":[73],"perspective":[75],"transformation":[76],"structures":[77],"heterogeneous":[78],"backgrounds.":[79],"reconstructed":[81],"data":[82],"couples":[83],"Mamba\u2019s":[84],"flattened":[85],"multidirectional":[86],"scanning":[87],"mechanism.":[88],"Given":[89],"that":[90,156],"possess":[93],"sparse":[94],"high-frequency":[96],"properties,":[97],"spatial":[98,118],"Mamba":[99,102],"frequency":[101,120],"collaboratively":[103],"enrich":[104],"targets.":[110,129],"Texture":[112],"Enhancement":[113],"Module":[114,137],"(TEM)":[115],"effectively":[116],"fuses":[117],"enhance":[123],"contrast":[125],"information":[126],"refine":[131],"features,":[133],"Fine-Grained":[135],"(FRM)":[138],"integrates":[139],"multiple":[140,166],"gradient":[141],"operators":[142],"inscribe":[144],"intact":[146],"profile.":[149],"Both":[150],"qualitative":[151],"quantitative":[153],"experiments":[154],"demonstrate":[155],"our":[157],"proposed":[158],"FIRE-Net":[159],"outperforms":[160],"14":[161],"recent":[162],"benchmark":[163],"algorithms":[164],"on":[165],"public":[167],"datasets.":[168]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-23T00:00:00"}
