{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4415400197","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2025.3624018","title":"EKUM: An Accurate Method for Updating Knowledge Graphs in Earth System Science for Novel Thematic Terms","display_name":"EKUM: An Accurate Method for Updating Knowledge Graphs in Earth System Science for Novel Thematic Terms","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4415400197","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2025.3624018"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2025.3624018","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2025.3624018","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jin Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5169-2200"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160793","display_name":"Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04t1cdb72","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210160793"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391767971","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System","ror":"https://ror.org/03w41by72","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210160793","https://openalex.org/I4391767971"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jin Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5169-2200","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210160793"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210160793","https://openalex.org/I4391767971"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100335467","display_name":"Shu Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5355-2015"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160793","display_name":"Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04t1cdb72","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210160793"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391767971","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System","ror":"https://ror.org/03w41by72","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210160793","https://openalex.org/I4391767971"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shu Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5355-2015","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210160793"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210160793","https://openalex.org/I4391767971"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022820172","display_name":"Zhu Yunqiang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160793","display_name":"Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04t1cdb72","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210160793"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391767971","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System","ror":"https://ror.org/03w41by72","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210160793","https://openalex.org/I4391767971"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yunqiang Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3356-3067","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210160793"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210160793","https://openalex.org/I4391767971"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081367058","display_name":"Fuzhou Duan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6197-0834"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96852419","display_name":"Capital Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/005edt527","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96852419"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fuzhou Duan","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Resources Environment and Tourism, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Resources Environment and Tourism, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96852419"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113427619","display_name":"Xiaoliang Dai","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160793","display_name":"Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04t1cdb72","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210160793"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391767971","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System","ror":"https://ror.org/03w41by72","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210160793","https://openalex.org/I4391767971"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoliang Dai","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9763-5772","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210160793"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210160793","https://openalex.org/I4391767971"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.32320852,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"63","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"12"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10757","display_name":"Geographic Information Systems Studies","score":0.9562000036239624,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3305","display_name":"Geography, Planning and Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10757","display_name":"Geographic Information Systems Studies","score":0.9562000036239624,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3305","display_name":"Geography, Planning and Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.9386000037193298,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13734","display_name":"Advanced Computational Techniques and Applications","score":0.9302999973297119,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/workflow","display_name":"Workflow","score":0.6904000043869019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/terminology","display_name":"Terminology","score":0.6248999834060669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.48500001430511475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.44999998807907104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.41190001368522644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interoperability","display_name":"Interoperability","score":0.40230000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modular-design","display_name":"Modular design","score":0.3889000117778778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-representation-and-reasoning","display_name":"Knowledge representation and reasoning","score":0.3723999857902527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structuring","display_name":"Structuring","score":0.35989999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interfacing","display_name":"Interfacing","score":0.35519999265670776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-base","display_name":"Knowledge base","score":0.3547999858856201}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8119000196456909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177212765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q627335","display_name":"Workflow","level":2,"score":0.6904000043869019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C547195049","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1725664","display_name":"Terminology","level":2,"score":0.6248999834060669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.48500001430511475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.46070000529289246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.44999998807907104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4471000134944916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.41190001368522644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.4034999907016754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20136886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749647","display_name":"Interoperability","level":2,"score":0.40230000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.3977000117301941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101468663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1620158","display_name":"Modular design","level":2,"score":0.3889000117778778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161301231","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3478658","display_name":"Knowledge representation and reasoning","level":2,"score":0.3723999857902527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775945657","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q381442","display_name":"Structuring","level":2,"score":0.35989999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776303644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1020499","display_name":"Interfacing","level":2,"score":0.35519999265670776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4554734","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q593744","display_name":"Knowledge base","level":2,"score":0.3547999858856201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80368990","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3046459","display_name":"Earth system science","level":2,"score":0.35040000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43521106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2165493","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","level":2,"score":0.34940001368522644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.34540000557899475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3264999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72634772","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q386824","display_name":"Data integration","level":2,"score":0.3199999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12725497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810247","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","level":2,"score":0.3156999945640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.31290000677108765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61797465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1188986","display_name":"Term (time)","level":2,"score":0.31189998984336853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183322885","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17007702","display_name":"Context model","level":3,"score":0.30889999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176225458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q595971","display_name":"Graph database","level":3,"score":0.2962000072002411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116409475","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1385056","display_name":"External Data Representation","level":2,"score":0.2944999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67186912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367664","display_name":"Data modeling","level":2,"score":0.28949999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56666940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788790","display_name":"Documentation","level":2,"score":0.2888000011444092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.2883000075817108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.2825999855995178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987255567","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33002955","display_name":"Knowledge graph","level":2,"score":0.2766000032424927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115925183","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1412694","display_name":"Knowledge-based systems","level":2,"score":0.27559998631477356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776604539","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6423395","display_name":"Knowledge sharing","level":2,"score":0.27379998564720154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778012447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1034415","display_name":"Scope (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.27379998564720154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.27129998803138733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.2671000063419342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.2597000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779227376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6505497","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","level":2,"score":0.2572999894618988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41009113","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q54871","display_name":"SPARQL","level":4,"score":0.2567000091075897}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2025.3624018","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2025.3624018","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2488878298","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42471503","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G302719355","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022YFB3904201","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7984856712","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022YFF0711601","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2808284704","https://openalex.org/W2890187992","https://openalex.org/W2970503913","https://openalex.org/W2973405220","https://openalex.org/W2999275944","https://openalex.org/W3016795341","https://openalex.org/W3024097351","https://openalex.org/W3024723577","https://openalex.org/W3159316741","https://openalex.org/W4220844058","https://openalex.org/W4224282622","https://openalex.org/W4378905467","https://openalex.org/W4383908659","https://openalex.org/W4387460165","https://openalex.org/W4387746293","https://openalex.org/W4387967963","https://openalex.org/W4395021122","https://openalex.org/W4396624720","https://openalex.org/W4397000689","https://openalex.org/W4399914797","https://openalex.org/W4400949264","https://openalex.org/W4402946178","https://openalex.org/W4403042123","https://openalex.org/W4403845965","https://openalex.org/W4404074526","https://openalex.org/W4404209864","https://openalex.org/W4405897421","https://openalex.org/W4408913040","https://openalex.org/W4410242474","https://openalex.org/W4415798722"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Efficient":[0],"maintenance":[1],"of":[2,21,28,41],"the":[3,19,25,37,126,146],"Earth":[4],"System":[5],"Science":[6],"Knowledge":[7],"Graph":[8],"(ESSKG)":[9],"is":[10],"essential":[11],"for":[12,94,203],"structuring":[13],"and":[14,31,39,50,66,81,100,112,119,151,157,170,180,193,200],"evolving":[15],"scientific":[16],"knowledge":[17],"in":[18,91,186],"context":[20],"AI-driven":[22],"research.":[23],"However,":[24],"rapid":[26],"emergence":[27],"new":[29,136],"terminology":[30,191],"reliance":[32],"on":[33],"manual":[34],"curation":[35],"constrain":[36],"timeliness":[38],"scalability":[40],"updates.":[42],"A":[43],"multi-dimensional":[44],"feature":[45,75],"deep":[46],"alignment":[47],"mechanism":[48],"(MFDA)":[49],"an":[51],"end-to-end":[52],"update":[53],"workflow":[54],"(EKUM)":[55],"are":[56,143],"introduced":[57],"to":[58,121,148,165],"address":[59],"this":[60],"challenge.":[61],"MFDA":[62,90,106],"integrates":[63],"structural,":[64],"relational,":[65],"contextual":[67],"features":[68],"through":[69],"two":[70],"stage":[71],"fusion":[72],"with":[73,154],"cross":[74,158],"gating,":[76],"dynamic":[77],"temperature":[78],"contrastive":[79],"alignment,":[80,99],"a":[82,92,197],"sparsified":[83],"high":[84],"order":[85],"neighborhood":[86],"module.":[87],"EKUM":[88],"operationalizes":[89],"pipeline":[93],"corpus":[95],"preparation,":[96],"term":[97],"recognition,":[98],"graph":[101],"update.":[102],"Experiments":[103],"show":[104],"that":[105],"surpasses":[107],"character":[108],"based,":[109],"representation":[110],"learning,":[111],"LLM":[113],"enhanced":[114],"baselines,":[115,175],"achieving":[116],"precision":[117,169],"0.943":[118],"right":[120],"left":[122],"MRR":[123],"0.677,":[124],"exceeding":[125],"best-performing":[127],"baseline":[128],"by":[129],"over":[130],"11%.":[131],"Deployed":[132],"within":[133],"EKUM,":[134],"2,889":[135],"terms":[137],"from":[138,163],"1,478":[139],"peer-reviewed":[140],"articles":[141],"(2012-2024)":[142],"integrated,":[144],"expanding":[145],"ESSKG":[147,204],"6,352":[149],"entities":[150],"10,747":[152],"relations":[153],"refined":[155],"hierarchies":[156],"layer":[159],"links.":[160],"Longitudinal":[161],"evaluation":[162],"2013":[164],"2022":[166],"indicates":[167],"stable":[168],"slower":[171],"error":[172],"growth":[173,182],"than":[174],"mitigating":[176],"cascading":[177],"errors.":[178],"Layer":[179],"regional":[181],"patterns":[183],"reflect":[184],"differences":[185],"data":[187],"coverage,":[188],"observing":[189],"infrastructure,":[190],"maturity,":[192],"cataloging":[194],"practices,":[195],"underscoring":[196],"scalable,":[198],"timely,":[199],"interpretable":[201],"pathway":[202],"evolution.":[205]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-22T00:00:00"}