{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414348233","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2025.3612208","title":"Nonlinear Beamforming in Digital Arrays for Weather Radar Networks","display_name":"Nonlinear Beamforming in Digital Arrays for Weather Radar Networks","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414348233","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2025.3612208"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2025.3612208","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2025.3612208","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020831032","display_name":"Jason E. Hodkin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4298-666X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4388482740","display_name":"Georgia Tech Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/04qfrh333","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444","https://openalex.org/I4388482740"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jason E. Hodkin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Georgia Tech Research Institute, Atlanta, GA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4298-666X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Georgia Tech Research Institute, Atlanta, GA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444","https://openalex.org/I4388482740"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Edwin Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7334-4229"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101630","display_name":"Inovex (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/017747t25","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210101630"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Edwin Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["RTX Inc., Hanover, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7334-4229","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"RTX Inc., Hanover, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101630"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101988786","display_name":"V. Chandrasekar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1569-698X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92446798","display_name":"Colorado State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03k1gpj17","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92446798"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"V. Chandrasekar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1569-698X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92446798"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.29147081,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"63","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"14"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13121","display_name":"Radio Wave Propagation Studies","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13121","display_name":"Radio Wave Propagation Studies","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11234","display_name":"Precipitation Measurement and Analysis","score":0.9948999881744385,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12146","display_name":"Power Line Communications and Noise","score":0.9847999811172485,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.6098999977111816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/weather-radar","display_name":"Weather radar","score":0.5645999908447266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.526199996471405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-system","display_name":"Nonlinear system","score":0.46630001068115234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-tracker","display_name":"Radar tracker","score":0.4113999903202057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/3d-radar","display_name":"3D radar","score":0.39590001106262207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-imaging","display_name":"Radar imaging","score":0.3912000060081482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clutter","display_name":"Clutter","score":0.37549999356269836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-signal-processing","display_name":"Radar signal processing","score":0.35670000314712524}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6482999920845032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.6098999977111816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92237259","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q863343","display_name":"Weather radar","level":3,"score":0.5645999908447266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.526199996471405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5023999810218811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158622935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848","display_name":"Nonlinear system","level":2,"score":0.46630001068115234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32283439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1407014","display_name":"Radar tracker","level":3,"score":0.4113999903202057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81076408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q229387","display_name":"3D radar","level":5,"score":0.39590001106262207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10929652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7279985","display_name":"Radar imaging","level":3,"score":0.3912000060081482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132094186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q641585","display_name":"Clutter","level":3,"score":0.37549999356269836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987759513","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar signal processing","level":4,"score":0.35670000314712524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3458000123500824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989048297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q930654","display_name":"Radar detection","level":3,"score":0.3375000059604645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59584813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1029234","display_name":"Continuous-wave radar","level":4,"score":0.31310001015663147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104267543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208163","display_name":"Signal processing","level":3,"score":0.3116999864578247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134406370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q832005","display_name":"Radar engineering details","level":4,"score":0.3109999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32022120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q797225","display_name":"Interference (communication)","level":3,"score":0.29980000853538513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161475128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6746448","display_name":"Man-portable radar","level":5,"score":0.29789999127388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.28610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13944312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512748","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","level":2,"score":0.26440000534057617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.26179999113082886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36067731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7572176","display_name":"Space-based radar","level":5,"score":0.2596000134944916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5249743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2125374","display_name":"Radar configurations and types","level":5,"score":0.25699999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62191587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4771249","display_name":"Antenna array","level":3,"score":0.25619998574256897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139931591","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1029151","display_name":"Pulse-Doppler radar","level":4,"score":0.2531000077724457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21001229","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182868","display_name":"Weather forecasting","level":2,"score":0.25110000371932983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984296375","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar systems","level":3,"score":0.25040000677108765}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2025.3612208","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2025.3612208","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W223995386","https://openalex.org/W653761051","https://openalex.org/W1603912566","https://openalex.org/W1966761798","https://openalex.org/W2069527718","https://openalex.org/W2105235982","https://openalex.org/W2114375944","https://openalex.org/W2144185385","https://openalex.org/W2477719313","https://openalex.org/W2546312679","https://openalex.org/W2770713454","https://openalex.org/W2782976901","https://openalex.org/W2808111800","https://openalex.org/W2997918905","https://openalex.org/W3034813856","https://openalex.org/W4230674470","https://openalex.org/W4250589301","https://openalex.org/W4388819614","https://openalex.org/W4407787351"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0,155],"weather":[1,14,45,52,134,173],"radar":[2,53,135,174],"network":[3,54,175],"relies":[4],"on":[5,56],"two":[6],"or":[7],"more":[8,100],"transmitters":[9],"and":[10,38,88],"receivers":[11],"for":[12,35,82,141,172,204,216],"localized":[13],"event":[15],"monitoring.":[16],"For":[17],"a":[18,68,142,199,210,217],"receiving":[19],"aperture":[20],"implemented":[21],"as":[22,178,207,209],"an":[23,196],"every-element":[24],"digital":[25,128,202],"array":[26,79,111],"radar,":[27],"it":[28],"provides":[29],"opportunity":[30],"to":[31,43,59,104,151,161],"leverage":[32],"convex":[33,131],"optimization":[34,96,132],"coordinated":[36],"beamforming":[37,83,98,129,153],"null":[39,106],"forming,":[40],"in":[41,84,90,133,186],"order":[42],"perform":[44],"metrology":[46],"without":[47],"impairments.":[48],"This":[49,113,124],"work":[50],"describes":[51],"challenges":[55],"receive":[57],"due":[58],"ground":[60,92,190],"clutter.":[61,191],"The":[62,192],"use":[63],"of":[64,71,122,157,189,198,212,220],"second-order":[65],"cone":[66],"programming,":[67],"scalable":[69],"form":[70],"nonlinear":[72],"optimization,":[73],"mitigates":[74],"clutter":[75,93,165,205],"interference":[76],"by":[77],"deriving":[78],"element":[80],"weights":[81],"the":[85,91,118,138,187],"target":[86],"direction":[87],"null-forming":[89],"directions.":[94],"Convex":[95],"enables":[97],"with":[99,108,195],"flexibility":[101],"when":[102,149],"compared":[103,150],"conventional":[105,152],"steering":[107],"low":[109,147],"sidelobe":[110],"tapers.":[112],"is":[114,159],"demonstrated":[115],"through":[116],"quantifying":[117],"signal-to-clutter":[119,139],"ratio":[120,140],"impact":[121],"nulling.":[123],"paper":[125,193],"demonstrates":[126],"how":[127,163],"via":[130,183],"networks":[136],"improves":[137],"volume":[143],"resolution":[144],"cell":[145],"at":[146],"altitude":[148],"methods.":[154],"figure":[156],"merit":[158],"presented":[160],"show":[162],"these":[164],"mitigations":[166],"can":[167],"improve":[168],"wind":[169,180],"field":[170,181],"estimates":[171],"applications":[176],"such":[177],"3D":[179],"retrieval":[182],"multi-Doppler":[184],"methods":[185,214],"presence":[188],"concludes":[194],"evaluation":[197],"well-known":[200],"adaptive":[201],"beamformer":[203],"mitigation":[206],"well":[208],"comparison":[211],"all":[213],"considered":[215],"surveillance":[218],"region":[219],"interest.":[221]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T09:40:50.615796","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}