{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4413395048","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2025.3601120","title":"A Robust Framework for Improving Fine-Scale Evapotranspiration Estimation From UAV-Based Multispectral and Thermal Images","display_name":"A Robust Framework for Improving Fine-Scale Evapotranspiration Estimation From UAV-Based Multispectral and Thermal Images","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4413395048","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2025.3601120"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2025.3601120","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2025.3601120","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104075898","display_name":"Jiaxing Wei","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25254941","display_name":"Beijing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/022k4wk35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jiaxing Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Hazards Risk Governance (ESPHR), Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China","Faculty of Geographical Science, State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Hazards Risk Governance (ESPHR), Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Hazards Risk Governance (ESPHR), Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Geographical Science, State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Hazards Risk Governance (ESPHR), Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101052968","display_name":"Jingwei Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7888-0625"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingwei Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Surveying and Mapping Institute, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Surveying and Mapping Institute, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100638200","display_name":"Shaomin Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3627-9288"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25254941","display_name":"Beijing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/022k4wk35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shaomin Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Hazards Risk Governance (ESPHR), Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China","Faculty of Geographical Science, State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Hazards Risk Governance (ESPHR), Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Hazards Risk Governance (ESPHR), Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Geographical Science, State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Hazards Risk Governance (ESPHR), Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049917224","display_name":"Lisheng Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9283-590X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4472751","display_name":"Anhui Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/05fsfvw79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4472751"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lisheng Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Regional Response in the Yangtze-Huaihe River Basin, School of Geography and Tourism, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China","School of Geography and Tourism, Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Regional Response in the Yangtze-Huaihe River Basin, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Regional Response in the Yangtze-Huaihe River Basin, School of Geography and Tourism, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4472751"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geography and Tourism, Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Regional Response in the Yangtze-Huaihe River Basin, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4472751"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012907334","display_name":"Yanfei Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2225-3362"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94611258","display_name":"Hebei Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/004rbbw49","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94611258"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanfei Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hebei Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and Ecological Construction, School of Geographical Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China","School of Geographical Sciences, Hebei Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and Ecological Construction, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hebei Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and Ecological Construction, School of Geographical Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94611258"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geographical Sciences, Hebei Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and Ecological Construction, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94611258"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114804412","display_name":"Ziwei Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8909-8651"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25254941","display_name":"Beijing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/022k4wk35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ziwei Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Hazards Risk Governance (ESPHR), Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China","Faculty of Geographical Science, State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Hazards Risk Governance (ESPHR), Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Hazards Risk Governance (ESPHR), Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Geographical Science, State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Hazards Risk Governance (ESPHR), Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108047117","display_name":"Tongren Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1744-8974"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25254941","display_name":"Beijing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/022k4wk35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tongren Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Hazards Risk Governance (ESPHR), Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China","Faculty of Geographical Science, State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Hazards Risk Governance (ESPHR), Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Hazards Risk Governance (ESPHR), Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Geographical Science, State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Hazards Risk Governance (ESPHR), Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076740062","display_name":"Ji Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9926-7693"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ji Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Resources and Environment, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Resources and Environment, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008837684","display_name":"Ziwei Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4162-1204"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25254941","display_name":"Beijing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/022k4wk35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ziwei Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Hazards Risk Governance (ESPHR), Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China","School of Resources and Environment, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Hazards Risk Governance (ESPHR), Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Resources and Environment, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053649349","display_name":"Zhixing Peng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25254941","display_name":"Beijing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/022k4wk35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhixing Peng","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Hazards Risk Governance (ESPHR), Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China","Faculty of Geographical Science, State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Hazards Risk Governance (ESPHR), Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Hazards Risk Governance (ESPHR), Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Geographical Science, State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Hazards Risk Governance (ESPHR), Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052410648","display_name":"Dongxing Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4172-7815"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dongxing Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":11,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5104075898"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.0971,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87570112,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"63","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"15"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10266","display_name":"Plant Water Relations and Carbon Dynamics","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10266","display_name":"Plant Water Relations and Carbon Dynamics","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9757999777793884,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10330","display_name":"Hydrology and Watershed Management Studies","score":0.9722999930381775,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multispectral-image","display_name":"Multispectral image","score":0.9002001285552979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.7374601364135742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evapotranspiration","display_name":"Evapotranspiration","score":0.6772099137306213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.588074803352356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5764148235321045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.5085054636001587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermal-infrared","display_name":"Thermal infrared","score":0.4249110817909241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3590351343154907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.32782673835754395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.24530458450317383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/infrared","display_name":"Infrared","score":0.15894567966461182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.09789317846298218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.09596630930900574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.08364075422286987}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173163844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1761440","display_name":"Multispectral image","level":2,"score":0.9002001285552979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.7374601364135742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176783924","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q828158","display_name":"Evapotranspiration","level":2,"score":0.6772099137306213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.588074803352356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5764148235321045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5085054636001587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984335091","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11388","display_name":"Thermal infrared","level":3,"score":0.4249110817909241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3590351343154907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.32782673835754395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.24530458450317383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158355884","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11388","display_name":"Infrared","level":2,"score":0.15894567966461182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.09789317846298218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.09596630930900574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.08364075422286987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2025.3601120","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2025.3601120","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.5}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2685326717","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2023YFF1303503","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":60,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1490845441","https://openalex.org/W1963522000","https://openalex.org/W1975137168","https://openalex.org/W1976712888","https://openalex.org/W1984678359","https://openalex.org/W2018318189","https://openalex.org/W2045239366","https://openalex.org/W2052425624","https://openalex.org/W2117199485","https://openalex.org/W2119895530","https://openalex.org/W2125935279","https://openalex.org/W2130736855","https://openalex.org/W2130797201","https://openalex.org/W2145304651","https://openalex.org/W2175125944","https://openalex.org/W2181125633","https://openalex.org/W2281485040","https://openalex.org/W2285042355","https://openalex.org/W2295598076","https://openalex.org/W2342095398","https://openalex.org/W2585058772","https://openalex.org/W2592541999","https://openalex.org/W2604505295","https://openalex.org/W2804943168","https://openalex.org/W2887166489","https://openalex.org/W2904909458","https://openalex.org/W2907022117","https://openalex.org/W2943838109","https://openalex.org/W2986457312","https://openalex.org/W3008439211","https://openalex.org/W3010359520","https://openalex.org/W3023490300","https://openalex.org/W3086275000","https://openalex.org/W3181049857","https://openalex.org/W3189143156","https://openalex.org/W3193585998","https://openalex.org/W3194456427","https://openalex.org/W3216080415","https://openalex.org/W4229366858","https://openalex.org/W4285401641","https://openalex.org/W4293256738","https://openalex.org/W4295857038","https://openalex.org/W4299847412","https://openalex.org/W4307645510","https://openalex.org/W4320176124","https://openalex.org/W4320733708","https://openalex.org/W4361222649","https://openalex.org/W4366209655","https://openalex.org/W4385470872","https://openalex.org/W4385691769","https://openalex.org/W4386318724","https://openalex.org/W4388585095","https://openalex.org/W4388623532","https://openalex.org/W4389113716","https://openalex.org/W4391503372","https://openalex.org/W4402125093","https://openalex.org/W4403972899","https://openalex.org/W4404014908","https://openalex.org/W4404864193","https://openalex.org/W4409050853"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4318664220","https://openalex.org/W2771047279","https://openalex.org/W4409411816","https://openalex.org/W4396535974","https://openalex.org/W2139939267","https://openalex.org/W4403627750","https://openalex.org/W1974511032","https://openalex.org/W2084938080","https://openalex.org/W1972565854","https://openalex.org/W3009886208"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Unmanned":[0],"aerial":[1],"vehicle":[2],"(UAV)-based":[3],"fine-scale":[4,33,39],"evapotranspiration":[5],"(ET)":[6],"estimation":[7,21,49],"is":[8,173],"becoming":[9],"increasingly":[10],"critical":[11],"in":[12,68],"precision":[13],"agricultural":[14],"water":[15],"management.":[16],"However,":[17],"existing":[18],"UAV-based":[19,254],"ET":[20,27,40,75,255],"studies":[22],"often":[23],"directly":[24],"transfer":[25],"satellite-based":[26],"models":[28],"and":[29,62,107,132,229,268],"parameterization":[30,99,186],"schemes":[31,50],"to":[32,51,87,97,129,139,175,244,259],"UAV":[34],"data,":[35],"which":[36,172],"hampers":[37],"accurate":[38],"estimation.":[41],"Here,":[42],"we":[43,79],"use":[44,80],"machine":[45],"learning":[46],"(ML)-based":[47],"alternative":[48],"estimate":[52],"key":[53],"parameters":[54],"of":[55,103,151,153,159,167,178,198,225,253],"aerodynamic":[56],"roughness":[57],"length":[58],"(<italic":[59,65],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[60,66,105,109,124,135,170,181,201],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">z<sub>0m</sub></i>)":[61],"excess":[63],"resistance":[64],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">kB<sup>-1</sup></i>)":[67],"the":[69,93,115,176,223,231,251,261],"surface":[70],"energy":[71],"balance":[72],"system":[73,215],"(SEBS)":[74],"model.":[76,95],"In":[77],"addition,":[78],"a":[81,148,217],"computational":[82],"fluid":[83],"dynamics":[84],"(CFD)":[85],"model":[86],"provide":[88],"downscaled":[89],"meteorological":[90,206,227,242],"data":[91,228],"for":[92,122,133,236],"SEBS":[94],"Compared":[96],"physical":[98,185],"schemes,":[100],"ML-based":[101,157,188],"estimates":[102,158,190],"<italic":[104,108,123,134],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">z<sub>0m</sub></i>":[106,125],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">kB<sup>-1</sup></i>":[110,136],"show":[111,192],"improved":[112],"accuracy,":[113],"reducing":[114],"mean":[116,118,232],"root":[117],"square":[119],"error":[120,234],"(RMSE)":[121],"from":[126,137,238],"0.07":[127],"m":[128],"0.04":[130],"m,":[131],"4.58":[138],"2.41.":[140],"Validation":[141],"against":[142],"eddy":[143],"covariance":[144],"(EC)":[145],"systems":[146],"with":[147,195,210,216],"source":[149,218],"area":[150,219],"hundreds":[152],"meters":[154],"shows":[155],"that":[156],"latent":[160],"heat":[161],"flux":[162],"(LE)":[163],"have":[164],"an":[165,196,211],"RMSE":[166,177,197],"39.94":[168],"W/m<sup":[169,180,200],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">2</sup>,":[171],"superior":[174],"77.44":[179],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">2</sup>":[182,202],"achieved":[183],"by":[184],"schemes.":[187],"LE":[189,237],"also":[191],"comparable":[193],"accuracy":[194,252],"41.94":[199],"when":[203],"using":[204],"CFD-based":[205,226],"data.":[207],"A":[208],"comparison":[209],"optical-microwave":[212],"scintillometer":[213],"(OMS)":[214],"spanning":[220],"kilometers":[221],"confirmed":[222],"importance":[224],"reduced":[230],"relative":[233],"(MRE)":[235],"26.53%":[239],"(using":[240],"site-observed":[241],"data)":[243],"22.28%.":[245],"Our":[246],"proposed":[247],"robust":[248],"framework":[249],"improves":[250],"estimates,":[256],"thus":[257],"helping":[258],"bridge":[260],"scale":[262],"gap":[263],"between":[264],"satellite":[265],"remote":[266],"sensing":[267],"site-based":[269],"observations.":[270]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
