{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4413319110","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2025.3600249","title":"IRSAMap: Toward Large-Scale, High-Resolution Land Cover Map Vectorization","display_name":"IRSAMap: Toward Large-Scale, High-Resolution Land Cover Map Vectorization","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4413319110","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2025.3600249"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2025.3600249","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2025.3600249","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2508.16272","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012903786","display_name":"Yu Meng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9316-6686"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu Meng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chinese Academy of Sciences, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Beijing, China","Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9316-6686","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chinese Academy of Sciences, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137199","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137199","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113373611","display_name":"L. Deng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5688-616X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ligao Deng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chinese Academy of Sciences, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Beijing, China","Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5688-616X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chinese Academy of Sciences, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137199","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137199","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092181498","display_name":"Zhihao Xi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6508-0983"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhihao Xi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chinese Academy of Sciences, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Beijing, China","Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chinese Academy of Sciences, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137199","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137199","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051710503","display_name":"Jiansheng Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8554-4864"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiansheng Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chinese Academy of Sciences, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Beijing, China","Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chinese Academy of Sciences, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137199","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137199","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100649322","display_name":"Jingbo Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8113-7823"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingbo Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chinese Academy of Sciences, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Beijing, China","Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chinese Academy of Sciences, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137199","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137199","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020073960","display_name":"Anzhi Yue","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7765-5983"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anzhi Yue","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chinese Academy of Sciences, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Beijing, China","Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7765-5983","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chinese Academy of Sciences, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137199","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137199","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055443620","display_name":"Diyou Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7025-2137"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Diyou Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chinese Academy of Sciences, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Beijing, China","Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7025-2137","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chinese Academy of Sciences, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137199","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137199","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100559557","display_name":"Kai Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7161-434X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kai Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chinese Academy of Sciences, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Beijing, China","School of Software Engineering, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7161-434X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chinese Academy of Sciences, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137199","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software Engineering, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137199","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058625257","display_name":"Chenhao Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4162-1925"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chenhao Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chinese Academy of Sciences, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Beijing, China","Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4162-1925","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chinese Academy of Sciences, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137199","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137199","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078760931","display_name":"Kaiyu Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8015-6245"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kaiyu Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chinese Academy of Sciences, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Beijing, China","School of Software Engineering, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8015-6245","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chinese Academy of Sciences, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137199","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software Engineering, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076363598","display_name":"Yupeng Deng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8396-0338"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yupeng Deng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chinese Academy of Sciences, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Beijing, China","Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8396-0338","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chinese Academy of Sciences, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137199","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137199","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005905514","display_name":"Xian Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0038-9816"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xian Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chinese Academy of Sciences, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Beijing, China","Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0038-9816","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chinese Academy of Sciences, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137199","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137199","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6368,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8283654,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"63","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"19"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13890","display_name":"Remote Sensing and Land Use","score":0.9830999970436096,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13890","display_name":"Remote Sensing and Land Use","score":0.9830999970436096,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.977400004863739,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9623000025749207,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vectorization","display_name":"Vectorization (mathematics)","score":0.7159320116043091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.6798791885375977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-cover","display_name":"Land cover","score":0.6785649061203003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.655426025390625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-resolution","display_name":"Image resolution","score":0.5526682138442993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cover","display_name":"Cover (algebra)","score":0.49437880516052246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resolution","display_name":"Resolution (logic)","score":0.48827123641967773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4858402907848358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/high-resolution","display_name":"High resolution","score":0.4540584087371826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.34156534075737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-use","display_name":"Land use","score":0.24155473709106445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.2193894386291504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.1592237949371338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.13893091678619385}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41681595","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7917855","display_name":"Vectorization (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.7159320116043091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.6798791885375977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780648208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3001793","display_name":"Land cover","level":3,"score":0.6785649061203003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.655426025390625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205372480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210521","display_name":"Image resolution","level":2,"score":0.5526682138442993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780428219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16952335","display_name":"Cover (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.49437880516052246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138268822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1051925","display_name":"Resolution (logic)","level":2,"score":0.48827123641967773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4858402907848358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020199158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210521","display_name":"High resolution","level":2,"score":0.4540584087371826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.34156534075737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4792198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165944","display_name":"Land use","level":2,"score":0.24155473709106445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.2193894386291504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1592237949371338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.13893091678619385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147176958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77590","display_name":"Civil engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2025.3600249","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2025.3600249","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2508.16272","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2508.16272","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2508.16272","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2508.16272","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2508.16272","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2508.16272","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7200000286102295,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3074294386","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021YFB3900503","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":75,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1989750313","https://openalex.org/W2006929658","https://openalex.org/W2033815587","https://openalex.org/W2039367092","https://openalex.org/W2042692910","https://openalex.org/W2047935350","https://openalex.org/W2050830693","https://openalex.org/W2480078828","https://openalex.org/W2494341560","https://openalex.org/W2538244214","https://openalex.org/W2593886839","https://openalex.org/W2609402060","https://openalex.org/W2780861787","https://openalex.org/W2794948653","https://openalex.org/W2796232579","https://openalex.org/W2798925380","https://openalex.org/W2804199516","https://openalex.org/W2884822772","https://openalex.org/W2897593716","https://openalex.org/W2900559790","https://openalex.org/W2949763629","https://openalex.org/W2963406768","https://openalex.org/W2963659230","https://openalex.org/W2963958441","https://openalex.org/W2965383240","https://openalex.org/W2975194617","https://openalex.org/W2991488782","https://openalex.org/W2996327453","https://openalex.org/W3007268491","https://openalex.org/W3035012694","https://openalex.org/W3094730317","https://openalex.org/W3103092912","https://openalex.org/W3110395491","https://openalex.org/W3117812033","https://openalex.org/W3119794881","https://openalex.org/W3129042754","https://openalex.org/W3150573203","https://openalex.org/W3171450708","https://openalex.org/W3176270344","https://openalex.org/W3190334976","https://openalex.org/W3198236650","https://openalex.org/W4225742096","https://openalex.org/W4226280350","https://openalex.org/W4283450732","https://openalex.org/W4312517874","https://openalex.org/W4313908836","https://openalex.org/W4317033419","https://openalex.org/W4318149001","https://openalex.org/W4318825795","https://openalex.org/W4319299968","https://openalex.org/W4361195764","https://openalex.org/W4362449408","https://openalex.org/W4362654196","https://openalex.org/W4366331277","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W4386076616","https://openalex.org/W4386362924","https://openalex.org/W4389879952","https://openalex.org/W4389917917","https://openalex.org/W4390874575","https://openalex.org/W4393079598","https://openalex.org/W4393305554","https://openalex.org/W4400448101","https://openalex.org/W4401608269","https://openalex.org/W4401630084","https://openalex.org/W4401879130","https://openalex.org/W4402475177","https://openalex.org/W4402916144","https://openalex.org/W4403284395","https://openalex.org/W4403503244","https://openalex.org/W4403511267","https://openalex.org/W4403524136","https://openalex.org/W4407451533","https://openalex.org/W4413143343","https://openalex.org/W4413145547"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2362774332","https://openalex.org/W4249245269","https://openalex.org/W2765548132","https://openalex.org/W2025681766","https://openalex.org/W2542402767","https://openalex.org/W2615806692","https://openalex.org/W3023086044","https://openalex.org/W2080965330","https://openalex.org/W4212954839","https://openalex.org/W2142226356"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,10,51,74,83,100,255,266],"continuous":[2],"enhancement":[3],"of":[4,13,46,53,76,85,134,268,283],"remote":[5,90,103,245],"sensing":[6,91,104,246],"image":[7],"resolution":[8],"and":[9,73,138,146,160,175,180,206,237,275,294],"rapid":[11],"advancement":[12],"deep":[14,38],"learning":[15,39],"techniques,":[16],"land":[17,111,227],"cover":[18,112,228],"mapping":[19],"is":[20,282,299],"undergoing":[21],"a":[22,122,149,190,210,241,251],"significant":[23],"transformation":[24],"from":[25,258],"pixel-level":[26,226],"segmentation":[27],"to":[28,260],"object-based":[29],"vector":[30,113,125,151],"modeling.":[31],"This":[32,115],"shift":[33,257],"imposes":[34],"higher":[35],"demands":[36],"on":[37],"models,":[40],"requiring":[41],"not":[42],"only":[43],"precise":[44],"delineation":[45],"object":[47],"boundaries":[48],"but":[49],"also":[50],"preservation":[52],"topological":[54],"consistency":[55],"among":[56],"geographic":[57,270,291],"elements.":[58],"However,":[59],"existing":[60],"public":[61],"datasets":[62],"face":[63],"three":[64],"major":[65],"limitations:":[66],"limited":[67],"class":[68],"annotations,":[69],"restricted":[70],"data":[71],"scale,":[72],"lack":[75],"spatial":[77,161],"structural":[78,162],"information,":[79],"which":[80,182,262],"severely":[81],"hinder":[82],"development":[84,267],"breakthrough":[86],"methods":[87],"in":[88],"high-resolution":[89],"vectorization.":[92],"To":[93],"address":[94],"these":[95],"challenges,":[96],"we":[97],"present":[98],"IRSAMap,":[99],"first":[101],"global":[102,191,290],"dataset":[105,116,281],"designed":[106],"for":[107,244,254,286],"large-scale,":[108],"high-resolution,":[109],"multi-feature":[110],"mapping.":[114],"offers":[117],"four":[118],"key":[119],"advantages:":[120],"First,":[121],"comprehensive":[123],"element":[124],"annotation":[126,152,167,184],"system":[127],"that":[128,155,193],"includes":[129],"over":[130],"1.8":[131],"million":[132],"instances":[133],"10":[135],"typical":[136],"natural":[137],"man-made":[139],"objects,":[140,261],"such":[141,224,288],"as":[142,225,289],"buildings,":[143],"roads,":[144],"rivers,":[145],"trees,":[147],"employing":[148],"unified":[150],"standard":[153],"framework":[154],"ensures":[156],"both":[157],"semantic":[158],"integrity":[159],"accuracy.":[163],"Second,":[164],"an":[165],"intelligent":[166,247],"workflow":[168],"incorporating":[169],"\u201cmanual":[170],"pre-annotation":[171],"+":[172,177],"AI-based":[173],"training":[174],"inference":[176],"manual":[178],"review":[179],"correction,\u201d":[181],"enhances":[183],"efficiency":[185],"while":[186],"ensuring":[187],"consistency.":[188],"Third,":[189],"coverage":[192,212],"spans":[194],"67":[195],"regions":[196],"across":[197],"six":[198],"continents,":[199],"representing":[200],"diverse":[201],"terrain":[202],"types,":[203],"including":[204],"urban":[205],"rural":[207],"areas,":[208],"with":[209],"total":[211],"area":[213],"exceeding":[214],"1,000":[215],"square":[216],"kilometers.":[217],"Fourth,":[218],"multi-task":[219],"adaptability,":[220],"supporting":[221],"various":[222],"tasks":[223],"classification,":[229],"building":[230],"outline":[231],"regularization":[232],"extraction,":[233,236],"road":[234],"centerline":[235],"panoramic":[238],"segmentation.":[239],"As":[240],"fundamental":[242],"resource":[243],"interpretation,":[248],"IRSAMap":[249,298],"provides":[250],"standardized":[252],"benchmark":[253],"paradigm":[256],"pixels":[259],"will":[263],"significantly":[264],"advance":[265],"high-precision":[269],"feature":[271],"automation,":[272],"collaborative":[273],"modeling,":[274],"other":[276],"cutting-edge":[277],"research":[278],"directions.":[279],"The":[280],"great":[284],"value":[285],"applications":[287],"information":[292],"updating":[293],"digital":[295],"twin":[296],"construction.":[297],"publicly":[300],"available":[301],"at":[302],"https://github.com/ucas-dlg/IRSAMap.":[303]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
