{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4413277898","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2025.3599910","title":"Kullback\u2013Leibler Divergence-Aware Dimensionality Reduction on HPD Manifold: Enhancing Feature Discrimination for Multichannel SAR Moving Target Detection","display_name":"Kullback\u2013Leibler Divergence-Aware Dimensionality Reduction on HPD Manifold: Enhancing Feature Discrimination for Multichannel SAR Moving Target Detection","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4413277898","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2025.3599910"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2025.3599910","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2025.3599910","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111090586","display_name":"Chenyang Luo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chenyang Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7629-8962","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101844493","display_name":"Ruofeng Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5189-736X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruofeng Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5189-736X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044897858","display_name":"Yaowen Fu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7081-266X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yaowen Fu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7081-266X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025384040","display_name":"Shangqu Yan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5692-9615"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shangqu Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5692-9615","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062652301","display_name":"Wenpeng Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4674-2985"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenpeng Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4674-2985","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100613525","display_name":"Wei Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5493-8681"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5493-8681","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.2676575,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"63","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"18"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":0.9735000133514404,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11698","display_name":"Underwater Acoustics Research","score":0.9466000199317932,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dimensionality-reduction","display_name":"Dimensionality reduction","score":0.7268929481506348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.6386314630508423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/divergence","display_name":"Divergence (linguistics)","score":0.6121199131011963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6015053391456604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.5900548100471497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5753466486930847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kullback\u2013leibler-divergence","display_name":"Kullback\u2013Leibler divergence","score":0.5313884019851685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.4991014003753662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.46068504452705383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reduction","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","score":0.4250168800354004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.42341846227645874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.34332627058029175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.23137959837913513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.1413310170173645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.08740097284317017}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70518039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16000077","display_name":"Dimensionality reduction","level":2,"score":0.7268929481506348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6386314630508423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207390915","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1230525","display_name":"Divergence (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.6121199131011963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6015053391456604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.5900548100471497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5753466486930847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171752962","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q255166","display_name":"Kullback\u2013Leibler divergence","level":2,"score":0.5313884019851685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4991014003753662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.46068504452705383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111335779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454686","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4250168800354004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.42341846227645874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.34332627058029175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.23137959837913513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.1413310170173645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.08740097284317017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2025.3599910","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2025.3599910","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.6100000143051147}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6271938408","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2024JJ2066","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320330215","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars of Hunan Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6376718696","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2024JJ2066","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336815","funder_display_name":"Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of Fujian Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7620373081","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021TQ0084","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0426zh255"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320330215","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars of Hunan Province","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336815","display_name":"Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of Fujian Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1535602073","https://openalex.org/W1954149510","https://openalex.org/W1968245988","https://openalex.org/W1986587640","https://openalex.org/W1986921156","https://openalex.org/W1994675040","https://openalex.org/W2001141328","https://openalex.org/W2006134199","https://openalex.org/W2027461913","https://openalex.org/W2053186076","https://openalex.org/W2055144697","https://openalex.org/W2056210040","https://openalex.org/W2075894942","https://openalex.org/W2089520361","https://openalex.org/W2118443009","https://openalex.org/W2118809607","https://openalex.org/W2139764926","https://openalex.org/W2144158572","https://openalex.org/W2144175433","https://openalex.org/W2147016563","https://openalex.org/W2147448117","https://openalex.org/W2149246019","https://openalex.org/W2158347164","https://openalex.org/W2159359905","https://openalex.org/W2169213859","https://openalex.org/W2171049624","https://openalex.org/W2171912497","https://openalex.org/W2297593803","https://openalex.org/W2401892527","https://openalex.org/W2474313031","https://openalex.org/W2533757944","https://openalex.org/W2596126413","https://openalex.org/W2609219981","https://openalex.org/W2731028425","https://openalex.org/W2962772276","https://openalex.org/W3000384001","https://openalex.org/W3003337093","https://openalex.org/W3040900322","https://openalex.org/W3098676798","https://openalex.org/W3116441872","https://openalex.org/W4235739365","https://openalex.org/W4285192372","https://openalex.org/W4322730999","https://openalex.org/W4387886098","https://openalex.org/W4392122807","https://openalex.org/W4401452423","https://openalex.org/W4407851788","https://openalex.org/W4410226806","https://openalex.org/W4412030660"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2105321464","https://openalex.org/W2887774187","https://openalex.org/W2388220555","https://openalex.org/W2033178790","https://openalex.org/W3048739257","https://openalex.org/W1665563134","https://openalex.org/W2963604926","https://openalex.org/W1616881371","https://openalex.org/W1520875569","https://openalex.org/W2199957582"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Clutter":[0],"suppression":[1,28,57],"remains":[2],"a":[3,68,109,156,166],"fundamental":[4],"challenge":[5],"in":[6,47,228,259],"multi-channel":[7,96,186],"SAR":[8,97,187,260],"moving":[9,88,182,188],"target":[10,89,189],"detection.":[11],"Among":[12],"various":[13],"approaches,":[14],"Space-Time":[15],"Adaptive":[16],"Processing":[17],"(STAP)":[18],"has":[19],"been":[20],"widely":[21],"employed":[22,176],"due":[23],"to":[24,107,137,177,236],"its":[25],"excellent":[26],"clutter":[27,44,56,206,270],"capabilities.":[29],"However,":[30],"STAP":[31],"intrinsically":[32],"assumes":[33],"complex":[34,229],"Gaussian":[35],"clutter,":[36],"which":[37],"often":[38],"significantly":[39],"deviates":[40],"from":[41,213],"actual":[42],"heterogeneous":[43],"environments":[45],"encountered":[46],"practical":[48,257],"scenarios.":[49],"Such":[50],"deviations":[51],"can":[52],"markedly":[53],"impair":[54],"the":[55,84,94,104,126,131,153,162,205,219,237,241,273,277],"performance":[58,220],"of":[59,87,181,204,276],"STAP.":[60],"To":[61],"overcome":[62],"this":[63,65,138,144],"issue,":[64],"paper":[66],"proposes":[67],"Kullback-Leibler":[69],"Divergence":[70],"(KLD)-based":[71],"Hermitian":[72],"Positive":[73],"Definite":[74],"(HPD)":[75],"manifold":[76,106,128],"Dimensionality":[77],"Reduction":[78],"(DR)":[79],"technique,":[80],"aimed":[81],"at":[82],"enhancing":[83],"feature":[85,110],"discrimination":[86],"on":[90,125,143,161,173,199],"HPD":[91,105,127,158,164],"manifold.":[92,111,159],"Initially,":[93],"airborne":[95],"image":[98],"domain":[99],"data":[100,154],"are":[101],"mapped":[102],"into":[103,155],"form":[108],"Next,":[112],"an":[113,122,134,146,233],"optimal":[114,147],"dimensionality":[115,194],"reduction":[116,148,195],"mapping":[117],"is":[118,140,150,175],"constructed":[119],"by":[120,223],"formulating":[121],"optimization":[123,238],"problem":[124,139,239],"that":[129],"maximizes":[130],"KLD,":[132],"and":[133,255,266],"analytical":[135,234],"solution":[136,235],"derived.":[141],"Based":[142],"solution,":[145],"matrix":[149],"designed,":[151],"projecting":[152],"low-dimensional":[157],"Finally,":[160],"reduced":[163],"manifold,":[165],"Matrix":[167],"Information":[168],"Geometry":[169],"(MIG)":[170],"detector":[171],"based":[172],"KLD":[174],"achieve":[178],"enhanced":[179],"detection":[180,190],"targets.":[183],"The":[184],"proposed":[185,278],"framework":[191],"incorporating":[192],"KLD-based":[193],"does":[196],"not":[197],"rely":[198],"specific":[200],"parametric":[201],"statistical":[202,224],"model":[203,226],"background,":[207],"only":[208],"utilizes":[209],"geometric":[210],"properties":[211],"derived":[212],"second-order":[214],"statistic.":[215],"This":[216],"effectively":[217],"addresses":[218],"degradation":[221],"caused":[222],"distribution":[225],"mismatch":[227],"environments.":[230],"Moreover,":[231],"deriving":[232],"avoids":[240],"high":[242],"computational":[243],"costs":[244],"associated":[245],"with":[246,268],"Riemannian":[247],"conjugate":[248],"gradient":[249],"algorithms,":[250],"thus":[251],"reducing":[252],"complexity":[253],"substantially":[254],"facilitating":[256],"implementation":[258],"systems.":[261],"Experimental":[262],"results,":[263],"including":[264],"simulations":[265],"measurements":[267],"real":[269],"backgrounds,":[271],"demonstrate":[272],"superior":[274],"effectiveness":[275],"approach.":[279]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}