{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4413104978","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2025.3597410","title":"Adapting Vision Foundation Models for Robust Cloud Segmentation in Remote Sensing Images","display_name":"Adapting Vision Foundation Models for Robust Cloud Segmentation in Remote Sensing Images","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4413104978","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2025.3597410"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2025.3597410","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2025.3597410","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035082721","display_name":"Xuechao Zou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3743-7738"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuechao Zou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","School of Computer Science and Technology, Key Lab of Big Data and Artificial Intelligence in Transportation (Ministry of Education), Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3743-7738","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Key Lab of Big Data and Artificial Intelligence in Transportation (Ministry of Education), Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101557084","display_name":"Shun Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3380-8957"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116265982","display_name":"Qinghai University","ror":"https://ror.org/05h33bt13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116265982"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shun Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Technology and Application, Qinghai University, Xining, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Technology and Application, Qinghai University, Xining, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116265982"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100642722","display_name":"Kai Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9531-5560"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kai Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100752098","display_name":"Shiying Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9335-3005"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116265982","display_name":"Qinghai University","ror":"https://ror.org/05h33bt13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116265982"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shiying Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Technology and Application, Qinghai University, Xining, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Technology and Application, Qinghai University, Xining, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116265982"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076090670","display_name":"Junliang Xing","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6801-0510"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junliang Xing","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6801-0510","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039217360","display_name":"Lei Jin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4855-2464"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lei Jin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4855-2464","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023442981","display_name":"Congyan Lang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6059-7943"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Congyan Lang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","School of Computer Science and Technology, Key Lab of Big Data and Artificial Intelligence in Transportation (Ministry of Education), Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6059-7943","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Key Lab of Big Data and Artificial Intelligence in Transportation (Ministry of Education), Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090751520","display_name":"Pin Tao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2687-7997"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pin Tao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2687-7997","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.3337,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95900186,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"63","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"14"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9943000078201294,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9943000078201294,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11659","display_name":"Advanced Image Fusion Techniques","score":0.9850999712944031,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6679335236549377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.653113067150116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.6090943813323975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-segmentation","display_name":"Image segmentation","score":0.5590890645980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.5572227835655212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5435724854469299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5433441400527954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/foundation","display_name":"Foundation (evidence)","score":0.5071797370910645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.2105371654033661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.09113779664039612}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6679335236549377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.653113067150116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.6090943813323975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.5590890645980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.5572227835655212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5435724854469299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5433441400527954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780966255","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5474306","display_name":"Foundation (evidence)","level":2,"score":0.5071797370910645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.2105371654033661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.09113779664039612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2025.3597410","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2025.3597410","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4257201797","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62222606","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5384109884","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"L253007","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8195367876","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"20240484620","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334978","funder_display_name":"Beijing Nova Program"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8454467654","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62402031","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334978","display_name":"Beijing Nova Program","ror":"https://ror.org/034k14f91"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":51,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1677182931","https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W1976303724","https://openalex.org/W2025745000","https://openalex.org/W2030851497","https://openalex.org/W2068124105","https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2165698076","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2326555679","https://openalex.org/W2412782625","https://openalex.org/W2531409750","https://openalex.org/W2548491386","https://openalex.org/W2565639579","https://openalex.org/W2605847660","https://openalex.org/W2910101086","https://openalex.org/W2914757358","https://openalex.org/W2927122915","https://openalex.org/W2946072066","https://openalex.org/W2981689412","https://openalex.org/W3028160024","https://openalex.org/W3094502228","https://openalex.org/W3118957360","https://openalex.org/W3138516171","https://openalex.org/W3151130473","https://openalex.org/W3168825659","https://openalex.org/W3200379731","https://openalex.org/W3207866056","https://openalex.org/W4205138939","https://openalex.org/W4285307646","https://openalex.org/W4312119695","https://openalex.org/W4312443924","https://openalex.org/W4312815172","https://openalex.org/W4312960937","https://openalex.org/W4313156423","https://openalex.org/W4386071535","https://openalex.org/W4387171313","https://openalex.org/W4387805784","https://openalex.org/W4390190100","https://openalex.org/W4390874575","https://openalex.org/W4391563775","https://openalex.org/W4391807661","https://openalex.org/W4393148714","https://openalex.org/W4394733585","https://openalex.org/W4400839928","https://openalex.org/W4401006978","https://openalex.org/W4401409365","https://openalex.org/W4402727160","https://openalex.org/W4402830369","https://openalex.org/W4402952511","https://openalex.org/W4403077050"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4244478748","https://openalex.org/W2381393187","https://openalex.org/W2332779545","https://openalex.org/W3150465815","https://openalex.org/W4223488648","https://openalex.org/W2134969820","https://openalex.org/W2251605416","https://openalex.org/W1997222214","https://openalex.org/W2560439919","https://openalex.org/W1522196789"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Cloud":[0],"segmentation":[1,152],"is":[2],"a":[3,43,62,80,88],"critical":[4],"challenge":[5],"in":[6],"remote":[7],"sensing":[8],"image":[9],"interpretation,":[10],"as":[11,106],"its":[12],"accuracy":[13,53],"directly":[14],"impacts":[15],"the":[16,52,73,115,120,126,133,137],"effectiveness":[17],"of":[18,56,132,136],"subsequent":[19],"data":[20,160],"processing":[21,161],"and":[22,54,104,166,170],"analysis.":[23],"Recently,":[24],"vision":[25],"foundation":[26],"models":[27],"(VFM)":[28],"have":[29],"demonstrated":[30],"powerful":[31],"generalization":[32],"capabilities":[33],"across":[34,149],"various":[35,150],"visual":[36],"tasks.":[37],"In":[38],"this":[39],"paper,":[40],"we":[41],"present":[42],"parameter-efficient":[44],"adaptive":[45],"approach,":[46,128],"termed":[47],"Cloud-Adapter,":[48],"designed":[49],"to":[50,93,109],"enhance":[51],"robustness":[55],"cloud":[57,151],"segmentation.":[58],"Our":[59],"method":[60],"leverages":[61],"VFM":[63],"pretrained":[64],"on":[65],"general":[66],"domain":[67],"data,":[68],"which":[69,113],"remains":[70],"frozen,":[71],"eliminating":[72],"need":[74],"for":[75],"additional":[76],"training.":[77],"Cloud-Adapter":[78,127,144],"incorporates":[79],"lightweight":[81],"spatial":[82,96],"perception":[83],"module":[84],"that":[85,125],"initially":[86],"utilizes":[87],"convolutional":[89],"neural":[90],"network":[91],"(ConvNet)":[92],"extract":[94],"dense":[95],"representations.":[97],"These":[98],"multi-scale":[99],"features":[100],"are":[101,173],"then":[102],"aggregated":[103],"serve":[105],"contextual":[107],"inputs":[108],"an":[110],"adapting":[111],"module,":[112],"modulates":[114],"frozen":[116,138],"transformer":[117],"layers":[118],"within":[119],"VFM.":[121],"Experimental":[122],"results":[123],"demonstrate":[124],"utilizing":[129],"only":[130],"0.6%":[131],"trainable":[134],"parameters":[135],"backbone,":[139],"achieves":[140,146],"substantial":[141],"performance":[142,148],"gains.":[143],"consistently":[145],"state-of-the-art":[147],"datasets":[153],"from":[154],"multiple":[155],"satellite":[156],"sources,":[157],"sensor":[158],"series,":[159],"levels,":[162],"land":[163],"cover":[164],"scenarios,":[165],"annotation":[167],"granularities.":[168],"Code":[169],"model":[171],"checkpoints":[172],"available":[174],"at":[175],"https://xavierjiezou.github.io/Cloud-Adapter/.":[176]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
