{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4412404104","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2025.3588885","title":"Rethinking Generalizable Infrared Small Target Detection: A Real-Scene Benchmark and Cross-View Representation Learning","display_name":"Rethinking Generalizable Infrared Small Target Detection: A Real-Scene Benchmark and Cross-View Representation Learning","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4412404104","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2025.3588885"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2025.3588885","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2025.3588885","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101873533","display_name":"Yahao Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1862-3159"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139024713","display_name":"Guangdong University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04azbjn80","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yahao Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1862-3159","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101967151","display_name":"Yuehui Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6476-868X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139024713","display_name":"Guangdong University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04azbjn80","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuehui Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Xingyuan Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3135-0551"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74872605","display_name":"China Southern Power Grid (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/03hkh9419","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74872605"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xingyuan Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guangdong Power Grid, Ltd., Guangzhou, China","Guangdong Power Grid, Ltd, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3135-0551","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangdong Power Grid, Ltd., Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74872605"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangdong Power Grid, Ltd, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74872605"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067544845","display_name":"Shuai Yuan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1031-6239"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuai Yuan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xi&#x2019;an Key Laboratory of Infrared Technology and System, School of Optoelectronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","School of Optoelectronic Engineering, Xi&#x2019;an Key Laboratory of Infrared Technology and System, Xidian University, Xi&#x2019;an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1031-6239","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xi&#x2019;an Key Laboratory of Infrared Technology and System, School of Optoelectronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Optoelectronic Engineering, Xi&#x2019;an Key Laboratory of Infrared Technology and System, Xidian University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039893934","display_name":"Yukai Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9413-6528"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139024713","display_name":"Guangdong University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04azbjn80","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yukai Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9413-6528","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100412937","display_name":"Liang Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2248-3755"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liang Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Data and Computer Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2248-3755","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Data and Computer Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101873533"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":16.1712,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98558896,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"63","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"10"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12389","display_name":"Infrared Target Detection Methodologies","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12389","display_name":"Infrared Target Detection Methodologies","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.6944807767868042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.67652428150177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.5751145482063293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5530755519866943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/infrared","display_name":"Infrared","score":0.5166637897491455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.4908338189125061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.41770148277282715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4047017991542816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.31429609656333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.12076568603515625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.10362967848777771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.09328046441078186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.09053099155426025}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.6944807767868042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.67652428150177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.5751145482063293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5530755519866943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158355884","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11388","display_name":"Infrared","level":2,"score":0.5166637897491455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.4908338189125061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.41770148277282715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4047017991542816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.31429609656333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.12076568603515625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.10362967848777771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.09328046441078186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.09053099155426025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2025.3588885","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2025.3588885","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3972927233","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62325605","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7073678484","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021ZD0111601","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329860","funder_display_name":"National Science and Technology Major Project"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8042648353","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MMC202402","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328838","funder_display_name":"Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Science and Technology"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328838","display_name":"Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Science and Technology","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329860","display_name":"National Science and Technology Major Project","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1916279783","https://openalex.org/W1978993121","https://openalex.org/W2041560658","https://openalex.org/W2080197848","https://openalex.org/W2112796928","https://openalex.org/W2158479002","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2795889831","https://openalex.org/W2900678331","https://openalex.org/W2963118547","https://openalex.org/W2963500702","https://openalex.org/W2991758591","https://openalex.org/W3010079414","https://openalex.org/W3039443125","https://openalex.org/W3094147817","https://openalex.org/W3118249006","https://openalex.org/W3118934234","https://openalex.org/W3124866053","https://openalex.org/W3127708505","https://openalex.org/W3156606420","https://openalex.org/W3171950886","https://openalex.org/W3214549945","https://openalex.org/W4214480085","https://openalex.org/W4283732315","https://openalex.org/W4289639938","https://openalex.org/W4313065862","https://openalex.org/W4313506322","https://openalex.org/W4313855945","https://openalex.org/W4320005476","https://openalex.org/W4388901570","https://openalex.org/W4391376377","https://openalex.org/W4394595725","https://openalex.org/W4394698940","https://openalex.org/W4396941338","https://openalex.org/W4399206757","https://openalex.org/W4399310720","https://openalex.org/W4400877928","https://openalex.org/W4402733568","https://openalex.org/W4405270459","https://openalex.org/W4406138192","https://openalex.org/W4406857980","https://openalex.org/W4407937943","https://openalex.org/W4408359259","https://openalex.org/W6845518910"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2378211422","https://openalex.org/W4321353415","https://openalex.org/W2745001401","https://openalex.org/W2130974462","https://openalex.org/W2028665553","https://openalex.org/W2086519370","https://openalex.org/W4246352526","https://openalex.org/W2121910908","https://openalex.org/W915438175","https://openalex.org/W4390721878"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Infrared":[0],"small":[1,151],"target":[2,94,152],"detection":[3,167],"(ISTD)":[4],"is":[5,187],"highly":[6],"sensitive":[7],"to":[8,104,130,136,156],"sensor":[9],"type,":[10],"observation":[11],"conditions,":[12],"and":[13,74,178],"the":[14,18,27,45,87,101,112,128],"intrinsic":[15],"properties":[16],"of":[17,29,48,114,166],"target.":[19],"These":[20],"factors":[21],"can":[22],"introduce":[23,79],"substantial":[24],"variations":[25],"in":[26,164],"distribution":[28,41,70],"acquired":[30],"infrared":[31,150],"image":[32],"data,":[33],"a":[34,120,148],"phenomenon":[35],"known":[36],"as":[37],"domain":[38,66],"shift.":[39],"Such":[40],"discrepancies":[42],"significantly":[43],"hinder":[44],"generalization":[46,139],"capability":[47,140],"ISTD":[49,62],"models":[50],"across":[51,141],"diverse":[52,97,142],"scenarios.":[53],"To":[54,68,109],"tackle":[55],"this":[56,58],"challenge,":[57],"paper":[59],"introduces":[60],"an":[61],"framework":[63],"enhanced":[64],"by":[65],"adaptation.":[67],"alleviate":[69],"shift":[71],"between":[72],"datasets":[73],"achieve":[75],"cross-sample":[76],"alignment,":[77],"we":[78,85,118,146],"Cross-view":[80,88],"Channel":[81],"Alignment":[82],"(CCA).":[83],"Additionally,":[84],"propose":[86],"Top-K":[89],"Fusion":[90],"strategy,":[91],"which":[92],"integrates":[93],"information":[95],"with":[96],"background":[98],"features,":[99],"enhancing":[100],"model\u2019s":[102],"ability":[103],"extract":[105],"critical":[106],"data":[107],"characteristics.":[108],"further":[110],"mitigate":[111],"impact":[113],"noise":[115],"on":[116],"ISTD,":[117],"develop":[119],"Noise-guided":[121],"Representation":[122],"learning":[123],"strategy.":[124],"This":[125],"approach":[126,160],"enables":[127],"model":[129],"learn":[131],"more":[132],"noise-resistant":[133],"feature":[134],"representations,":[135],"improve":[137],"its":[138],"noisy":[143],"domains.":[144],"Finally,":[145],"develope":[147],"dedicated":[149],"dataset,":[153],"RealScene-ISTD.":[154],"Compared":[155],"state-of-the-art":[157],"methods,":[158],"our":[159],"demonstrates":[161],"superior":[162],"performance":[163],"terms":[165],"probability":[168],"(<italic":[169,175,182],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[170,176,183],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">P<sub>d</sub></i>),":[171],"false":[172],"alarm":[173],"rate":[174],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">F<sub>a</sub></i>),":[177],"intersection":[179],"over":[180],"union":[181],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">IoU</i>).":[184],"The":[185],"code":[186],"available":[188],"at:":[189],"https://github.com/luy0222/RealScene-ISTD.":[190]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-03T09:05:47.796612","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
