{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4411144115","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2025.3578263","title":"Infrared Small Target Detection via Diverse Feature Harmonization","display_name":"Infrared Small Target Detection via Diverse Feature Harmonization","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4411144115","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2025.3578263"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2025.3578263","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2025.3578263","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009251831","display_name":"Tan Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9523-8094"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10535382","display_name":"Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/03dgaqz26","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tan Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Communications and Information Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Communications and Information Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100316419","display_name":"Baojiang Zhou","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10535382","display_name":"Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/03dgaqz26","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Baojiang Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Communications and Information Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Communications and Information Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064046752","display_name":"Fulin Luo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7696-0775"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fulin Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106578837","display_name":"Lei Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5305-8543"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lei Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Microelectronics and Communication Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Microelectronics and Communication Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5009251831"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":15.319,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98346723,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"63","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"13"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12389","display_name":"Infrared Target Detection Methodologies","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12389","display_name":"Infrared Target Detection Methodologies","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12994","display_name":"Infrared Thermography in Medicine","score":0.9861000180244446,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11637","display_name":"Advanced Semiconductor Detectors and Materials","score":0.9603000283241272,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/infrared","display_name":"Infrared","score":0.5593640804290771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.48523545265197754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/harmonization","display_name":"Harmonization","score":0.43045806884765625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.425012469291687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.1851574182510376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.12107807397842407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.09006506204605103}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158355884","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11388","display_name":"Infrared","level":2,"score":0.5593640804290771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.48523545265197754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779962950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5659376","display_name":"Harmonization","level":2,"score":0.43045806884765625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.425012469291687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.1851574182510376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.12107807397842407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.09006506204605103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2025.3578263","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2025.3578263","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2579406417","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CSTB2024NSCQ-MSX0393","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323172","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5658058112","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62371076","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5898081266","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62201109 and 62371076","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5922005406","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62201109","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323172","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1861492603","https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W1992873714","https://openalex.org/W2006851788","https://openalex.org/W2041560658","https://openalex.org/W2117539524","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2600297185","https://openalex.org/W2604768956","https://openalex.org/W2780449407","https://openalex.org/W2900678331","https://openalex.org/W2912919760","https://openalex.org/W2979651795","https://openalex.org/W3039443125","https://openalex.org/W3118249006","https://openalex.org/W3118934234","https://openalex.org/W3145563919","https://openalex.org/W3154887397","https://openalex.org/W3171950886","https://openalex.org/W3211423998","https://openalex.org/W4285741624","https://openalex.org/W4304092528","https://openalex.org/W4313065862","https://openalex.org/W4313506322","https://openalex.org/W4313855947","https://openalex.org/W4317794940","https://openalex.org/W4319303166","https://openalex.org/W4376478071","https://openalex.org/W4377710514","https://openalex.org/W4385300768","https://openalex.org/W4386071462","https://openalex.org/W4386158776","https://openalex.org/W4388052696","https://openalex.org/W4388266680","https://openalex.org/W4390187382","https://openalex.org/W4390874114","https://openalex.org/W4392902827","https://openalex.org/W4392903273","https://openalex.org/W4393148032","https://openalex.org/W4396523238","https://openalex.org/W4402733568","https://openalex.org/W4402979889","https://openalex.org/W4403977303","https://openalex.org/W4406311328","https://openalex.org/W4408029080","https://openalex.org/W6631943919","https://openalex.org/W6681435938","https://openalex.org/W6785302134"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2006073222","https://openalex.org/W2488916264","https://openalex.org/W2323573032","https://openalex.org/W198625436","https://openalex.org/W1908077024","https://openalex.org/W2095388346","https://openalex.org/W2379751185"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Infrared":[0],"small":[1,22,54,105],"target":[2,43,55,106,122,156],"detection":[3,102],"(IRSTD)":[4],"faces":[5],"significant":[6],"challenges":[7],"due":[8],"to":[9,26,120,153],"low":[10],"signal-to-noise":[11],"ratios,":[12],"poor":[13],"contrast":[14],"in":[15,61,98],"infrared":[16,93],"images,":[17],"and":[18,23,39,63,76,82,108,148],"the":[19,35,72,101],"tendency":[20],"for":[21,42],"dim":[24],"targets":[25],"be":[27],"obscured":[28],"by":[29],"cluttered":[30],"backgrounds.":[31],"These":[32],"factors":[33],"complicate":[34],"extraction":[36],"of":[37,53],"diverse":[38,84],"effective":[40],"information":[41,107],"detection,":[44],"with":[45,100],"existing":[46],"encoder-decoder":[47],"architectures":[48],"often":[49],"causing":[50],"irreversible":[51],"loss":[52,111,146],"features":[56,85],"through":[57,86],"continuous":[58],"down-sampling,":[59],"resulting":[60],"missed":[62],"false":[64],"detections.":[65],"To":[66],"address":[67],"these":[68],"challenges,":[69],"we":[70,117],"propose":[71,141],"Diverse":[73],"Feature":[74,130],"Capture":[75],"Harmonization":[77],"Network":[78],"(DFCHNet),":[79],"which":[80],"learns":[81],"harmonizes":[83,136],"multiple":[87],"encoding":[88],"paths.":[89],"DFCHNet":[90,166],"includes":[91],"an":[92],"image":[94],"reconstruction":[95],"branch":[96],"running":[97],"parallel":[99],"branch,":[103],"preserving":[104],"reducing":[109],"feature":[110],"via":[112],"complementary":[113],"contextual":[114],"encoding.":[115],"Additionally,":[116],"introduce":[118],"FTConv":[119],"capture":[121],"edges":[123],"while":[124],"suppressing":[125],"background":[126],"noise.":[127],"A":[128],"Cross-layer":[129],"Autonomous":[131],"Selection":[132],"(CFAS)":[133],"method":[134],"adaptively":[135],"cross-layer":[137],"features.":[138],"We":[139],"also":[140],"a":[142,149],"Coordinate":[143],"Calibration":[144],"(CC)":[145],"function":[147],"two-stage":[150],"training":[151],"strategy":[152],"refine":[154],"predicted":[155],"positions.":[157],"Experimental":[158],"results":[159],"on":[160],"three":[161],"IRSTD":[162],"datasets":[163],"demonstrate":[164],"that":[165],"outperforms":[167],"current":[168],"state-of-the-art":[169],"methods.":[170]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-06-10T00:00:00"}
