{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4410950105","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2025.3575841","title":"Pseudo-Label Guided Object Detection in Sparsely Annotated Underwater Optical Images","display_name":"Pseudo-Label Guided Object Detection in Sparsely Annotated Underwater Optical Images","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4410950105","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2025.3575841"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2025.3575841","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2025.3575841","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035568063","display_name":"Gangqi Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8118-4515"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gangqi Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8118-4515","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068625837","display_name":"Zhaoyong Mao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5746-6133"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145005","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Vehicle NVH and Safety Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04e6h1p91","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145005"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhaoyong Mao","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Technology, Xi’an, China","National Key Laboratory of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Technology, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5746-6133","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Technology, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145005"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Technology, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081646661","display_name":"Junge Shen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6563-9206"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145005","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Vehicle NVH and Safety Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04e6h1p91","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145005"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junge Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Technology, Xi’an, China","National Key Laboratory of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Technology, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6563-9206","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Technology, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145005"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Technology, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068843001","display_name":"Zhiyong Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1109-5028"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16365422","display_name":"Hefei University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02czkny70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhiyong Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Artificial Intelligence, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China","Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1109-5028","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Artificial Intelligence, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2645,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2645},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.396,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.60705957,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"63","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"21"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12697","display_name":"Water Quality Monitoring Technologies","score":0.9732999801635742,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12697","display_name":"Water Quality Monitoring Technologies","score":0.9732999801635742,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11019","display_name":"Image Enhancement Techniques","score":0.9448000192642212,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12111","display_name":"Industrial Vision Systems and Defect Detection","score":0.9291999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/underwater","display_name":"Underwater","score":0.6373844146728516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6294861435890198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.6085972189903259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5559591054916382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5376331806182861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.5097474455833435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.4858638644218445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-imaging","display_name":"Optical imaging","score":0.41119885444641113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3582855463027954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.32266709208488464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.16372454166412354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.09438806772232056}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98083399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3246517","display_name":"Underwater","level":2,"score":0.6373844146728516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6294861435890198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.6085972189903259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5559591054916382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5376331806182861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5097474455833435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.4858638644218445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92630104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4115103","display_name":"Optical imaging","level":2,"score":0.41119885444641113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3582855463027954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.32266709208488464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.16372454166412354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.09438806772232056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2025.3575841","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2025.3575841","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","score":0.5099999904632568,"display_name":"Life below water"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G740412185","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"D5000220192","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":68,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W1821462560","https://openalex.org/W1861492603","https://openalex.org/W1990592195","https://openalex.org/W2031489346","https://openalex.org/W2193145675","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2294370754","https://openalex.org/W2570343428","https://openalex.org/W2963037989","https://openalex.org/W2963351448","https://openalex.org/W2964093967","https://openalex.org/W2964241181","https://openalex.org/W2969510879","https://openalex.org/W2982770724","https://openalex.org/W2986357608","https://openalex.org/W2994928934","https://openalex.org/W2997344004","https://openalex.org/W3015543858","https://openalex.org/W3015679904","https://openalex.org/W3015735225","https://openalex.org/W3018757597","https://openalex.org/W3034695001","https://openalex.org/W3035396860","https://openalex.org/W3046887343","https://openalex.org/W3091482939","https://openalex.org/W3096609285","https://openalex.org/W3101458433","https://openalex.org/W3107867277","https://openalex.org/W3108328895","https://openalex.org/W3172752666","https://openalex.org/W3176831374","https://openalex.org/W3194389543","https://openalex.org/W3205483686","https://openalex.org/W3217445779","https://openalex.org/W4205172706","https://openalex.org/W4283661584","https://openalex.org/W4288083516","https://openalex.org/W4290994873","https://openalex.org/W4312479381","https://openalex.org/W4315489005","https://openalex.org/W4319442039","https://openalex.org/W4320033720","https://openalex.org/W4321094182","https://openalex.org/W4367663477","https://openalex.org/W4386076325","https://openalex.org/W4389179984","https://openalex.org/W4389459295","https://openalex.org/W4390872675","https://openalex.org/W4391305882","https://openalex.org/W4392008122","https://openalex.org/W4393147880","https://openalex.org/W4393443761","https://openalex.org/W4394711249","https://openalex.org/W4394773600","https://openalex.org/W4398757447","https://openalex.org/W4399384347","https://openalex.org/W6739901393","https://openalex.org/W6750227808","https://openalex.org/W6760424586","https://openalex.org/W6770515439","https://openalex.org/W6779990023","https://openalex.org/W6784094891","https://openalex.org/W6786728664","https://openalex.org/W6798838024","https://openalex.org/W6809665764","https://openalex.org/W6811230874","https://openalex.org/W6850610795"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4388412763","https://openalex.org/W1999583034","https://openalex.org/W3168963531","https://openalex.org/W2591930867","https://openalex.org/W2953138830","https://openalex.org/W2773822314","https://openalex.org/W3176162126","https://openalex.org/W4292830139","https://openalex.org/W4319309705","https://openalex.org/W2007490309"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Object":[0],"detection":[1,65],"in":[2,10,25,45,66],"underwater":[3,15,47,69,145],"optical":[4,146],"imagery":[5],"plays":[6],"a":[7,53,60,109,117],"crucial":[8],"role":[9],"various":[11,160],"fields":[12],"related":[13],"to":[14,30,80,127],"exploration.":[16],"However,":[17],"manual":[18],"annotation":[19,55],"of":[20,41],"such":[21],"images":[22,48],"often":[23],"results":[24,150],"incomplete":[26,42],"ground":[27],"truth":[28],"due":[29],"its":[31,104],"severe":[32],"degradation.":[33],"In":[34],"this":[35],"study,":[36],"we":[37,58,107],"address":[38],"the":[39,84,96,99],"issue":[40],"supervision":[43],"signals":[44],"degraded":[46,85],"by":[49],"reframing":[50],"it":[51],"as":[52],"sparse":[54],"challenge.":[56],"Specifically,":[57],"present":[59],"novel":[61,110,118],"method":[62],"for":[63,83],"object":[64],"sparsely":[67],"annotated":[68],"scenarios.":[70],"Our":[71],"approach":[72,139,154,170],"involves":[73],"an":[74],"effective":[75],"pseudo-label":[76],"generation":[77],"network":[78],"designed":[79,126],"produce":[81],"labels":[82],"foreground":[86],"lacking":[87],"annotations.":[88],"To":[89],"mitigate":[90],"potential":[91],"background":[92],"noise":[93,122],"resulting":[94],"from":[95],"discrepancy":[97],"between":[98],"fixed":[100],"confidence":[101,113],"threshold":[102,114],"and":[103,136],"dynamic":[105,111],"distribution,":[106],"introduce":[108],"adaptive":[112,119],"method.":[115],"Additionally,":[116],"geometric":[120],"prior-based":[121],"reduction":[123],"strategy":[124],"is":[125,185],"eliminate":[128],"noisy":[129],"pseudo-labels":[130],"with":[131,164],"low-quality":[132],"localization.":[133],"We":[134],"validate":[135],"analyze":[137],"our":[138,153,168],"through":[140],"experiments":[141],"on":[142],"publicly":[143],"available":[144,186],"image":[147],"datasets.":[148],"The":[149,183],"demonstrate":[151],"that":[152],"achieves":[155],"significant":[156],"performance":[157,177],"improvements":[158],"across":[159],"sparsity":[161],"conditions.":[162],"Compared":[163],"existing":[165],"state-of-the-art":[166],"models,":[167],"proposed":[169],"delivers":[171],"significantly":[172],"superior":[173],"Average":[174],"Precision":[175],"(AP)":[176],"while":[178],"maintaining":[179],"fast":[180],"inference":[181],"speeds.":[182],"code":[184],"at":[187],"https://github.com/chenyyyxxx/Underwater-aisi.":[188]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}