{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4410616169","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2025.3572524","title":"A 30 m Canopy Height Map in China Created by Fusion of Multiple Relative Height Metrics","display_name":"A 30 m Canopy Height Map in China Created by Fusion of Multiple Relative Height Metrics","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4410616169","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2025.3572524"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2025.3572524","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2025.3572524","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057247590","display_name":"Yuelong Xiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8925-0812"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116953780","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuelong Xiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Surveying and Geo-Informatics, Tongji University, Shanghai, China","College of Surveying and Geo-Informatics, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Surveying and Geo-Informatics, Tongji University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Surveying and Geo-Informatics, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005729523","display_name":"Qunming Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5188-0939"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116953780","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qunming Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Surveying and Geo-Informatics, Tongji University, Shanghai, China","College of Surveying and Geo-Informatics, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5188-0939","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Surveying and Geo-Informatics, Tongji University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Surveying and Geo-Informatics, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110659822","display_name":"Huipeng Xi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116953780","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huipeng Xi","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Surveying and Geo-Informatics, Tongji University, Shanghai, China","College of Surveying and Geo-Informatics, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Surveying and Geo-Informatics, Tongji University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Surveying and Geo-Informatics, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039348214","display_name":"Xiaohua Tong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1045-3797"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116953780","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaohua Tong","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Surveying and Geo-Informatics, Tongji University, Shanghai, China","College of Surveying and Geo-Informatics, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1045-3797","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Surveying and Geo-Informatics, Tongji University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Surveying and Geo-Informatics, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9943,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.73017501,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"63","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"16"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.980400025844574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.980400025844574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9075000286102295,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/canopy","display_name":"Canopy","score":0.625658392906189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.6210490465164185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fusion","display_name":"Fusion","score":0.4981391429901123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensor-fusion","display_name":"Sensor fusion","score":0.421496719121933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.4107191264629364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.3322985768318176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.25473523139953613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.21547794342041016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.20894193649291992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.11917847394943237}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101000010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5033434","display_name":"Canopy","level":2,"score":0.625658392906189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.6210490465164185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158525013","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2593739","display_name":"Fusion","level":2,"score":0.4981391429901123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33954974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q486494","display_name":"Sensor fusion","level":2,"score":0.421496719121933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.4107191264629364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.3322985768318176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.25473523139953613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.21547794342041016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.20894193649291992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.11917847394943237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2025.3572524","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2025.3572524","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1993716853","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42222108","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3508016157","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42222108, 42221002 and 42171345","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7444230442","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42221002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8971197728","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42171345","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":54,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1976723446","https://openalex.org/W1980403882","https://openalex.org/W1981213426","https://openalex.org/W2008056655","https://openalex.org/W2014187500","https://openalex.org/W2022224360","https://openalex.org/W2136624896","https://openalex.org/W2153820558","https://openalex.org/W2261059368","https://openalex.org/W2725897987","https://openalex.org/W2760217853","https://openalex.org/W2790602384","https://openalex.org/W2792703975","https://openalex.org/W2884851559","https://openalex.org/W2901674962","https://openalex.org/W2905311269","https://openalex.org/W2926335840","https://openalex.org/W2943472941","https://openalex.org/W2964227671","https://openalex.org/W2976120863","https://openalex.org/W3005790354","https://openalex.org/W3008439211","https://openalex.org/W3020871209","https://openalex.org/W3023058341","https://openalex.org/W3038027092","https://openalex.org/W3038122874","https://openalex.org/W3091428573","https://openalex.org/W3094643344","https://openalex.org/W3117603577","https://openalex.org/W3129366682","https://openalex.org/W3136563516","https://openalex.org/W3156622514","https://openalex.org/W3177033561","https://openalex.org/W3178577652","https://openalex.org/W3196181919","https://openalex.org/W3198237269","https://openalex.org/W3209176285","https://openalex.org/W4200035802","https://openalex.org/W4205698403","https://openalex.org/W4206603952","https://openalex.org/W4210502950","https://openalex.org/W4224945137","https://openalex.org/W4229058281","https://openalex.org/W4294052039","https://openalex.org/W4306399619","https://openalex.org/W4315498792","https://openalex.org/W4361010147","https://openalex.org/W4382865702","https://openalex.org/W4387141420","https://openalex.org/W4388275629","https://openalex.org/W4391341545","https://openalex.org/W4392772947","https://openalex.org/W4400136277","https://openalex.org/W6766978945"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2347729776","https://openalex.org/W2081457971","https://openalex.org/W2028659695","https://openalex.org/W2072749356","https://openalex.org/W2132659060","https://openalex.org/W2031992971","https://openalex.org/W3214791684","https://openalex.org/W2152662039"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Accurate":[0],"estimation":[1],"of":[2,115,165,198,207],"canopy":[3,18,78,162,246],"height":[4,19,48,76,79,163,247],"is":[5,249],"crucial":[6],"for":[7,167,225],"monitoring":[8],"forest":[9,229,233],"health,":[10],"carbon":[11,242],"cycling,":[12],"biodiversity,":[13],"and":[14,55,118,121,144,187,201,228,235,237],"climate":[15],"change.":[16],"Existing":[17],"mapping":[20,80],"methods":[21,40],"often":[22],"integrate":[23],"Global":[24],"Ecosystem":[25],"Dynamics":[26],"Investigation":[27],"(GEDI)":[28],"LiDAR":[29],"data":[30,216,224],"with":[31,112,126],"optical":[32],"or":[33,53,58],"radar":[34],"remote":[35],"sensing":[36],"images.":[37,123],"However,":[38],"these":[39],"typically":[41],"establish":[42],"relationships":[43],"between":[44],"single":[45],"GEDI":[46,105,214],"relative":[47,75],"(RH)":[49],"metrics":[50,107],"(e.g.,":[51,108],"RH95":[52],"RH98)":[54],"surface":[56],"reflectance":[57],"backscatter":[59],"signals,":[60],"overlooking":[61],"valuable":[62,222],"information":[63],"from":[64,103],"multiple":[65,74,104],"RH":[66,106],"metrics.":[67],"In":[68],"this":[69],"study,":[70],"we":[71],"developed":[72],"a":[73,153,161],"metrics-based":[77],"(MRH-CHM)":[81],"model,":[82,160],"which":[83],"was":[84,171],"implemented":[85],"using":[86],"deep":[87],"learning":[88],"based":[89],"on":[90],"the":[91,127,131,135,139,158,168,191,202],"Google":[92],"Earth":[93],"Engine":[94],"(GEE)":[95],"cloud":[96],"platform.":[97],"The":[98,178,218,244],"MRH-CHM":[99,137,159,179],"model":[100],"integrates":[101],"features":[102,129],"RH0":[109],"to":[110,231,238],"RH100":[111],"an":[113],"interval":[114],"10":[116],"units)":[117],"also":[119],"Landsat-8":[120],"Sentinel-1":[122],"To":[124],"deal":[125],"distinct":[128],"in":[130,134],"multimodal":[132],"data,":[133],"proposed":[136],"method,":[138],"convolutional":[140],"neural":[141],"network":[142],"(CNN)":[143],"multi-layer":[145],"perceptron":[146],"(MLP)":[147],"modules":[148],"were":[149],"designed":[150],"separately":[151],"before":[152],"feature":[154],"fusion":[155],"process.":[156],"Using":[157],"map":[164,220,248],"China":[166],"year":[169],"2020":[170],"produced":[172,219,245],"at":[173,252],"30":[174],"m":[175,200],"spatial":[176],"resolution.":[177],"results":[180],"present":[181],"greater":[182],"accuracy":[183],"than":[184],"Lang\u2019s,":[185],"Potapov\u2019s,":[186],"Liu\u2019s":[188],"products,":[189],"achieving":[190],"lowest":[192],"Root":[193],"Mean":[194],"Square":[195],"Error":[196],"(RMSE)":[197],"5.74":[199],"largest":[203],"correlation":[204],"coefficient":[205],"(r)":[206],"0.78":[208],"when":[209],"validated":[210],"against":[211],"6,168,244":[212],"hold-out":[213],"validation":[215],"points.":[217],"provides":[221],"scientific":[223],"policymakers,":[226],"researchers,":[227],"stakeholders":[230],"monitor":[232],"health":[234],"biodiversity":[236],"guide":[239],"efforts":[240],"toward":[241],"neutrality.":[243],"publicly":[250],"available":[251],"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11560195.":[253]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
