{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4410342255","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2025.3569704","title":"Application of Randomized Matrix Approximation in 3-D Volume Integral Equation Domain Decomposition Method for Electromagnetic Scattering in Layered Media With Complex Objects","display_name":"Application of Randomized Matrix Approximation in 3-D Volume Integral Equation Domain Decomposition Method for Electromagnetic Scattering in Layered Media With Complex Objects","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4410342255","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2025.3569704"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2025.3569704","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2025.3569704","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100754203","display_name":"Dezhi Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3113-7435"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170897317","display_name":"Duke University","ror":"https://ror.org/00py81415","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4394709157","display_name":"Eastern Institute of Technology, Ningbo","ror":"https://ror.org/036mbz113","country_code":null,"type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4394709157"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dezhi Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ningbo Institute of Digital Twin, Eastern Institute of Technology, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China","Duke University, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3113-7435","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ningbo Institute of Digital Twin, Eastern Institute of Technology, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4394709157"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Duke University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082785416","display_name":"Yunyun Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6082-9775"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116953780","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170897317","display_name":"Duke University","ror":"https://ror.org/00py81415","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yunyun Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China","Duke University, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6082-9775","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Duke University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011311993","display_name":"Yuan Fang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3285-5383"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170897317","display_name":"Duke University","ror":"https://ror.org/00py81415","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210115570","display_name":"National Space Science Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02nnjtm50","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210115570"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuan Fang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","Duke University, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3285-5383","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210115570","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Duke University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100345153","display_name":"Qing Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5286-4423"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170897317","display_name":"Duke University","ror":"https://ror.org/00py81415","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4394709157","display_name":"Eastern Institute of Technology, Ningbo","ror":"https://ror.org/036mbz113","country_code":null,"type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4394709157"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qing Huo Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Eastern Institute of Technology, Ningbo, China","Duke University, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5286-4423","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Eastern Institute of Technology, Ningbo, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4394709157"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Duke University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0686961,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"63","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"9"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10739","display_name":"Electromagnetic Scattering and Analysis","score":0.9487000107765198,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10739","display_name":"Electromagnetic Scattering and Analysis","score":0.9487000107765198,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11698","display_name":"Underwater Acoustics Research","score":0.9125000238418579,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/integral-equation","display_name":"Integral equation","score":0.6849649548530579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matrix-decomposition","display_name":"Matrix decomposition","score":0.6283726692199707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scattering","display_name":"Scattering","score":0.6174914836883545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matrix","display_name":"Matrix (chemical analysis)","score":0.5609954595565796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-electromagnetics","display_name":"Computational electromagnetics","score":0.5005896091461182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decomposition","display_name":"Decomposition","score":0.4642783999443054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/volume","display_name":"Volume (thermodynamics)","score":0.4434700310230255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-analysis","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","score":0.3430214524269104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3407805562019348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.31620511412620544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2989952564239502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electromagnetic-field","display_name":"Electromagnetic field","score":0.2684903144836426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.24787646532058716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.14220747351646423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eigenvalues-and-eigenvectors","display_name":"Eigenvalues and eigenvectors","score":0.09606826305389404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-mechanics","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","score":0.08553910255432129}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27016315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q580101","display_name":"Integral equation","level":2,"score":0.6849649548530579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42355184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1361088","display_name":"Matrix decomposition","level":3,"score":0.6283726692199707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191486275","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210028","display_name":"Scattering","level":2,"score":0.6174914836883545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106487976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q685816","display_name":"Matrix (chemical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.5609954595565796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206844423","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5157313","display_name":"Computational electromagnetics","level":3,"score":0.5005896091461182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124681953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q339062","display_name":"Decomposition","level":2,"score":0.4642783999443054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20556612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4469374","display_name":"Volume (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.4434700310230255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.3430214524269104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3407805562019348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.31620511412620544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2989952564239502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28843909","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177625","display_name":"Electromagnetic field","level":2,"score":0.2684903144836426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.24787646532058716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.14220747351646423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158693339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190524","display_name":"Eigenvalues and eigenvectors","level":2,"score":0.09606826305389404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.08553910255432129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2025.3569704","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2025.3569704","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1049486025","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2023YFB3002603","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1968691112","https://openalex.org/W1979154798","https://openalex.org/W1992448426","https://openalex.org/W2090111309","https://openalex.org/W2109733316","https://openalex.org/W2117756735","https://openalex.org/W2127942095","https://openalex.org/W2143887891","https://openalex.org/W2147674541","https://openalex.org/W2149812806","https://openalex.org/W2151781321","https://openalex.org/W2159994240","https://openalex.org/W2163068304","https://openalex.org/W2171879949","https://openalex.org/W2529261099","https://openalex.org/W2977922633","https://openalex.org/W3014684544","https://openalex.org/W3053892844","https://openalex.org/W3108353645","https://openalex.org/W3135703635","https://openalex.org/W3135764332","https://openalex.org/W4249287260","https://openalex.org/W4387682142","https://openalex.org/W4387940979","https://openalex.org/W4400726976"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2548653039","https://openalex.org/W2804741357","https://openalex.org/W2527482133","https://openalex.org/W2963590015","https://openalex.org/W2103176649","https://openalex.org/W2090036839","https://openalex.org/W2121487924","https://openalex.org/W2526879553","https://openalex.org/W1624012257","https://openalex.org/W2153827158"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Electromagnetic":[0],"(EM)":[1],"scattering":[2,249,261],"of":[3,79,231],"complex":[4,260],"3-D":[5],"distributions":[6],"in":[7,13,38,68,116,158,200,229,250,263],"a":[8,80,208],"layered-medium":[9,171],"background":[10],"is":[11],"crucial":[12],"many":[14],"remote":[15,159,251],"sensing":[16,160,252],"and":[17,25,55,105,118,143,147,170,189,234,242,253,259],"geophysical":[18],"applications,":[19],"including":[20],"ground-penetrating":[21],"radar,":[22],"microwave":[23],"tomography,":[24],"atmospheric":[26],"EM":[27,248],"analysis.":[28],"The":[29],"Volume":[30],"Integral":[31],"Equation":[32],"(VIE)":[33],"method":[34,131,226],"offers":[35],"distinct":[36],"advantages":[37],"simulating":[39],"such":[40,166],"problems.":[41,173],"In":[42,120],"particular,":[43],"the":[44,50,58,73,77,86,126,182,197,201,216,224],"recently":[45],"proposed":[46],"VIE":[47],"combined":[48],"with":[49,111,207],"Domain":[51],"Decomposition":[52],"Method":[53],"(DDM)":[54],"accelerated":[56],"by":[57,139],"Fast":[59],"Fourier":[60],"Transform":[61],"(VIE-DDM-FFT)":[62],"has":[63],"shown":[64],"promise.":[65],"However,":[66],"limitations":[67],"handling":[69],"dense":[70],"meshes":[71],"along":[72],"z-axis":[74],"led":[75],"to":[76,212,215],"development":[78],"low-rank":[81,137,232],"approximation":[82],"(LRA)":[83],"algorithm,":[84],"specifically":[85],"Adaptive":[87],"Cross":[88],"Approximation":[89,129],"(ACA),":[90],"for":[91,132,154,247],"mutual":[92,156],"matrix-vector":[93,178],"multiplications":[94,179],"(VIE-DDM-ACA).":[95],"Despite":[96],"reducing":[97],"computational":[98,194],"complexity,":[99],"ACA":[100,213,228],"suffers":[101],"from":[102],"premature,":[103],"unstable,":[104],"unpredictable":[106],"convergence,":[107,149],"particularly":[108,152],"when":[109],"dealing":[110],"closely":[112,163],"spaced":[113,164],"objects,":[114],"resulting":[115],"inaccuracies":[117],"inefficiencies.":[119],"this":[121],"paper,":[122],"we":[123],"propose":[124],"utilizing":[125],"Randomized":[127],"Matrix":[128],"(RMA)":[130],"LRA.":[133],"RMA":[134,175,225],"provides":[135],"superior":[136],"factorization":[138,233],"requiring":[140],"fewer":[141],"ranks":[142],"exhibiting":[144],"more":[145,238,243],"stable":[146],"predictable":[148],"making":[150,236],"it":[151],"suitable":[153],"reconstructing":[155],"matrices":[157],"scenarios":[161],"involving":[162,256],"scatterers,":[165],"as":[167],"subsurface":[168],"imaging":[169],"inversion":[172],"While":[174],"involves":[176],"multiple":[177],"(MVMs)":[180],"during":[181],"preparation":[183],"stage,":[184],"these":[185],"MVMs":[186,199],"are":[187],"independent":[188],"can":[190],"be":[191],"parallelized,":[192],"mitigating":[193],"costs.":[195],"Additionally,":[196],"iterative":[198],"equation-solving":[202],"procedure":[203],"retain":[204],"linear":[205],"complexity":[206],"smaller":[209],"coefficient":[210],"compared":[211],"due":[214],"reduced":[217],"rank":[218],"requirements.":[219],"Our":[220],"results":[221],"demonstrate":[222],"that":[223],"outperforms":[227],"terms":[230],"accuracy,":[235],"VIE-DDM-RMA":[237],"efficient":[239],"than":[240,245],"VIE-DDM-FFT":[241],"accurate":[244],"VIE-DDM-ACA":[246],"geoscience":[254],"applications":[255],"close":[257],"objects":[258],"environments":[262],"layered":[264],"media.":[265]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}