{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4409723837","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2025.3563495","title":"Infrared Small Target Detection via Nonconvex Weighted Tensor Rank Minimization and Adaptive Spatial\u2013Temporal Modeling","display_name":"Infrared Small Target Detection via Nonconvex Weighted Tensor Rank Minimization and Adaptive Spatial\u2013Temporal Modeling","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4409723837","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2025.3563495"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2025.3563495","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2025.3563495","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052620278","display_name":"Yang Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4287-422X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4287-422X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Zaiping Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1000-3060"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zaiping Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1000-3060","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100418152","display_name":"Ting Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8468-4926"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ting Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8468-4926","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100732745","display_name":"Boyang Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4479-9008"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Boyang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4479-9008","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101955864","display_name":"Qian Yin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5233-5262"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qian Yin","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5233-5262","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102744094","display_name":"Yingwu Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3714-2590"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yingwu Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of System Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of System Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101658016","display_name":"Yimian Dai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1052-2489"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205237279","display_name":"Nankai University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y1kjr75","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205237279"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yimian Dai","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, China","Nankai University, Tianjin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1052-2489","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205237279"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nankai University, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205237279"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.8204,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90145552,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"63","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"18"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12389","display_name":"Infrared Target Detection Methodologies","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12389","display_name":"Infrared Target Detection Methodologies","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12019","display_name":"Calibration and Measurement Techniques","score":0.9620000123977661,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9139999747276306,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/minification","display_name":"Minification","score":0.6466288566589355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6074873805046082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rank","display_name":"Rank (graph theory)","score":0.5103411078453064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.48986074328422546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.45258012413978577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tensor","display_name":"Tensor (intrinsic definition)","score":0.42331159114837646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3688245415687561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2608834505081177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorics","display_name":"Combinatorics","score":0.09011289477348328}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147764199","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6865248","display_name":"Minification","level":2,"score":0.6466288566589355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6074873805046082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164226766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7293202","display_name":"Rank (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.5103411078453064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.48986074328422546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.45258012413978577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155281189","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3518150","display_name":"Tensor (intrinsic definition)","level":2,"score":0.42331159114837646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3688245415687561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2608834505081177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.09011289477348328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2025.3563495","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2025.3563495","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.49000000953674316,"display_name":"Climate action","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2880402705","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"GZB20230982","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2993041975","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"GCZ20242267","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3818988781","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2023M744321","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0426zh255"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1978993121","https://openalex.org/W1992873714","https://openalex.org/W2145962650","https://openalex.org/W2158479002","https://openalex.org/W2346388536","https://openalex.org/W2767218132","https://openalex.org/W2900678331","https://openalex.org/W2902200144","https://openalex.org/W2909877831","https://openalex.org/W2943085839","https://openalex.org/W2963885538","https://openalex.org/W2978379657","https://openalex.org/W2990702487","https://openalex.org/W3010079414","https://openalex.org/W3039443125","https://openalex.org/W3087883793","https://openalex.org/W3088317060","https://openalex.org/W3118934234","https://openalex.org/W3171950886","https://openalex.org/W3176334304","https://openalex.org/W3200250689","https://openalex.org/W3216985839","https://openalex.org/W4226043641","https://openalex.org/W4283331960","https://openalex.org/W4313065862","https://openalex.org/W4315630892","https://openalex.org/W4317794940","https://openalex.org/W4318765496","https://openalex.org/W4381415904","https://openalex.org/W4385224615","https://openalex.org/W4386025596","https://openalex.org/W4386634626","https://openalex.org/W4387129496","https://openalex.org/W4387682156","https://openalex.org/W4388266680","https://openalex.org/W4390187382","https://openalex.org/W4391974532","https://openalex.org/W4401358048","https://openalex.org/W4403827055"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2569661359","https://openalex.org/W2950186459","https://openalex.org/W2170114491","https://openalex.org/W2897298721","https://openalex.org/W2242624680","https://openalex.org/W2136127937","https://openalex.org/W4290987221","https://openalex.org/W2216309014","https://openalex.org/W3199841771","https://openalex.org/W4286971555"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Infrared":[0],"small":[1],"target":[2,150,177],"detection":[3,178],"is":[4,13,156],"of":[5,50,99],"great":[6],"significance":[7],"for":[8],"various":[9],"applications.":[10],"However,":[11],"it":[12],"significantly":[14],"challenged":[15],"by":[16,36],"complex":[17],"backgrounds":[18],"and":[19,25,46,102,119,131,179],"low":[20],"signal-to-clutter":[21],"ratio.":[22],"Although":[23],"low-rank":[24,105,133],"sparse":[26,149],"decomposition":[27],"(LRSD)-based":[28],"methods":[29,174],"are":[30,34],"widely":[31],"employed,":[32],"they":[33],"hampered":[35],"fixed":[37],"temporal":[38,92],"step":[39,93],"sizes,":[40],"transpose":[41,129],"errors":[42,130],"in":[43,175],"tensor":[44,65,70,80,85,113,122],"recovery,":[45],"the":[47,91,116,140,160],"suboptimal":[48],"approximation":[49],"sparsity":[51],"using":[52,159],"thel1norm.":[53],"To":[54],"tackle":[55],"these":[56],"problems,":[57],"we":[58,75,108,136],"propose":[59,76,109],"an":[60,77,96],"entropy-based":[61],"adaptive":[62,78],"spatial-temporal":[63,79],"infrared":[64],"with":[66,139],"nonconvex":[67,111],"weighted":[68,112,120],"average":[69,121],"rank":[71,123],"(EASTIT-NWTAR)":[72],"method.":[73],"Firstly,":[74],"construction":[81],"approach":[82],"that":[83,169],"leverages":[84],"information":[86],"entropy":[87],"to":[88,126,147],"dynamically":[89],"adjust":[90],"size,":[94],"ensuring":[95],"accurate":[97],"representation":[98],"background":[100,180],"changes":[101],"maintaining":[103],"its":[104],"property.":[106],"Secondly,":[107],"a":[110],"norm":[114,118,125,146],"combining":[115],"Laplace":[117],"(WTAR)":[124],"effectively":[127,157],"mitigate":[128],"enhance":[132],"recovery.":[134],"Finally,":[135],"substitute":[137],"thel1norm":[138],"smoothly":[141],"clipped":[142],"absolute":[143],"deviation":[144],"(SCAD)":[145],"improve":[148],"reconstruction":[151],"accuracy.":[152],"The":[153],"proposed":[154,170],"method":[155,164,171],"solved":[158],"alternating":[161],"direction":[162],"multiplier":[163],"(ADMM).":[165],"Extensive":[166],"experiments":[167],"demonstrate":[168],"outperforms":[172],"state-of-the-art":[173],"both":[176],"suppression.":[181]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T09:40:50.615796","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}