{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4408703280","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2025.3551955","title":"Intelligent Velocity Azimuth Display (IVAD) Wind Estimation in Clear-Air With S-Band Polarimetric Weather Radars","display_name":"Intelligent Velocity Azimuth Display (IVAD) Wind Estimation in Clear-Air With S-Band Polarimetric Weather Radars","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4408703280","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2025.3551955"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2025.3551955","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2025.3551955","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013071342","display_name":"Precious Jatau","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9145-7297"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145244","display_name":"Radar (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05c5a2504","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145244"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8692664","display_name":"University of Oklahoma","ror":"https://ror.org/02aqsxs83","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8692664"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Precious Jatau","raw_affiliation_strings":["Advanced Radar Research Center (ARRC) and the School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA","Advanced Radar Research Center (ARRC), University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9145-7297","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Advanced Radar Research Center (ARRC) and the School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145244","https://openalex.org/I8692664"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Advanced Radar Research Center (ARRC), University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145244","https://openalex.org/I8692664"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033013034","display_name":"Tian\u2010You Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2819-2748"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145244","display_name":"Radar (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05c5a2504","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145244"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8692664","display_name":"University of Oklahoma","ror":"https://ror.org/02aqsxs83","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8692664"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tian-You Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Advanced Radar Research Center (ARRC), the School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, and the School of Meteorology, The University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA","Advanced Radar Research Center (ARRC), University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2819-2748","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Advanced Radar Research Center (ARRC), the School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, and the School of Meteorology, The University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8692664"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Advanced Radar Research Center (ARRC), University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145244","https://openalex.org/I8692664"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054850351","display_name":"Valery Melnikov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2464-1382"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194601409","display_name":"Cooperative Institute for Mesoscale Meteorological Studies","ror":"https://ror.org/04j91ny53","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194601409"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8692664","display_name":"University of Oklahoma","ror":"https://ror.org/02aqsxs83","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8692664"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Valery Melnikov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cooperative Institute for Severe and High-Impact Weather Research and Operations (CIWRO), The University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA","Cooperative Institute for Severe and High-Impact Weather Research and Operations (CIWRO), University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2464-1382","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cooperative Institute for Severe and High-Impact Weather Research and Operations (CIWRO), The University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194601409","https://openalex.org/I8692664"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cooperative Institute for Severe and High-Impact Weather Research and Operations (CIWRO), University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194601409","https://openalex.org/I8692664"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010050575","display_name":"Jeffrey F. Kelly","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8255-7990"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8692664","display_name":"University of Oklahoma","ror":"https://ror.org/02aqsxs83","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8692664"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeffrey Kelly","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Biological Sciences, The University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA","School of Biological Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Biological Sciences, The University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8692664"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Biological Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8692664"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2645,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2645},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5836,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.57471864,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"63","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"11"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10466","display_name":"Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10466","display_name":"Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11234","display_name":"Precipitation Measurement and Analysis","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":0.9692999720573425,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.7842388153076172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/azimuth","display_name":"Azimuth","score":0.66432785987854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polarimetry","display_name":"Polarimetry","score":0.6554652452468872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/weather-radar","display_name":"Weather radar","score":0.5563296675682068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.4506915509700775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/space-based-radar","display_name":"Space-based radar","score":0.441109836101532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.4380427598953247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/3d-radar","display_name":"3D radar","score":0.42301011085510254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.42135000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wind-speed","display_name":"Wind speed","score":0.4128352701663971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.4058789610862732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-imaging","display_name":"Radar imaging","score":0.3895200192928314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulse-doppler-radar","display_name":"Pulse-Doppler radar","score":0.37257587909698486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.27136069536209106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scattering","display_name":"Scattering","score":0.15431228280067444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.15412172675132751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.137186199426651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.09884950518608093}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.7842388153076172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159737794","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124274","display_name":"Azimuth","level":2,"score":0.66432785987854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28493345","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899381","display_name":"Polarimetry","level":3,"score":0.6554652452468872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92237259","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q863343","display_name":"Weather radar","level":3,"score":0.5563296675682068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.4506915509700775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36067731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7572176","display_name":"Space-based radar","level":5,"score":0.441109836101532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.4380427598953247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81076408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q229387","display_name":"3D radar","level":5,"score":0.42301011085510254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.42135000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161067210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1464943","display_name":"Wind speed","level":2,"score":0.4128352701663971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.4058789610862732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10929652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7279985","display_name":"Radar imaging","level":3,"score":0.3895200192928314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139931591","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1029151","display_name":"Pulse-Doppler radar","level":4,"score":0.37257587909698486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.27136069536209106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191486275","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210028","display_name":"Scattering","level":2,"score":0.15431228280067444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.15412172675132751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.137186199426651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.09884950518608093}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2025.3551955","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2025.3551955","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.699999988079071}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1532772242","https://openalex.org/W1986810683","https://openalex.org/W1989364594","https://openalex.org/W2067506010","https://openalex.org/W2101902804","https://openalex.org/W2123647472","https://openalex.org/W2149555119","https://openalex.org/W2160973759","https://openalex.org/W2175563334","https://openalex.org/W2178919372","https://openalex.org/W2179599623","https://openalex.org/W2259421489","https://openalex.org/W2551872855","https://openalex.org/W4380075676","https://openalex.org/W4396656793","https://openalex.org/W6765158840","https://openalex.org/W6799857441","https://openalex.org/W6800647711"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2066181770","https://openalex.org/W3041742295","https://openalex.org/W1482920642","https://openalex.org/W2136561036","https://openalex.org/W1645386587","https://openalex.org/W1532158878","https://openalex.org/W2080574932","https://openalex.org/W1929792290","https://openalex.org/W2365095518","https://openalex.org/W3011109177"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Wind":[0,100],"velocities":[1],"approximated":[2],"via":[3],"velocity":[4],"azimuth":[5],"display":[6],"(VAD)":[7],"have":[8],"been":[9,47],"found":[10],"to":[11,35,68,183,231],"be":[12,171,181,204,213,229],"contaminated":[13,151],"by":[14,18,49,73,147],"birds":[15,233],"and":[16,84,96,134,239],"enabled":[17],"insects.":[19],"However,":[20],"the":[21,36,50,79,105,110,113,122,135,174,177,197,235,240],"widely":[22],"used":[23,103,159,182,230],"VAD":[24,63,115],"wind":[25,71,118,201],"profile":[26],"(VWP)":[27],"does":[28],"not":[29],"account":[30],"for":[31,91],"taxa,":[32],"largely":[33],"due":[34],"challenge":[37],"of":[38,112,161],"distinguishing":[39],"bird":[40,98,142,190],"from":[41,116,121,206,215,223],"insect":[42,194],"echoes.":[43,164],"This":[44],"problem":[45],"has":[46],"addressed":[48],"recently":[51],"developed":[52],"bird-insect":[53],"ridge":[54],"classifier":[55],"(BIRC).":[56],"Hence,":[57],"this":[58],"work":[59],"proposes":[60],"an":[61,129],"intelligent":[62],"(IVAD)":[64],"that":[65,139,167],"leverages":[66],"BIRC":[67],"improve":[69],"clear-air":[70],"estimates":[72,202],"generating":[74],"three":[75],"new":[76],"products,":[77],"including":[78],"insects-birds":[80,136,178],"ratio,":[81,137],"bird-only":[82,210],"VAD,":[83],"insect-only":[85,207,219],"VAD.":[86,208],"These":[87],"products":[88,169],"are":[89,221],"analyzed":[90],"one-month":[92],"periods":[93],"containing":[94],"nocturnal":[95],"diurnal":[97],"migration.":[99],"bias":[101],"is":[102,189],"as":[104,109],"evaluation":[106],"metric,":[107],"defined":[108],"deviation":[111],"predicted":[114],"reference":[117],"measurements":[119],"obtained":[120,205,214,222],"rapid":[123],"refresh":[124],"(RAP)":[125],"model.":[126],"Results":[127],"show":[128],"inverse":[130],"relationship":[131],"between":[132],"biases":[133],"such":[138],"increasing":[140],"(decreasing)":[141],"(insect)":[143],"population":[144],"was":[145],"accompanied":[146],"larger":[148],"biases.":[149],"Furthermore,":[150],"VADs":[152,211,220],"showed":[153],"improvements":[154],"when":[155],"insects-only":[156],"signals":[157],"were":[158],"instead":[160],"all":[162],"biological":[163],"We":[165],"recommend":[166],"these":[168],"can":[170,180,203,212,228],"incorporated":[172],"into":[173],"VWP.":[175],"First,":[176],"ratio":[179],"identify":[184],"whether":[185],"a":[186],"given":[187],"height":[188],"dominated,":[191],"mixed,":[192],"or":[193],"dominated.":[195],"For":[196],"mixed":[198],"case,":[199],"improved":[200],"Otherwise,":[209],"bird-dominated":[216],"heights,":[217],"while":[218,234],"insect-dominated":[224],"heights.":[225],"The":[226],"former":[227],"track":[232],"latter":[236],"tracks":[237],"insects":[238],"wind.":[241]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}