{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4407638996","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2025.3542803","title":"A Weakly Supervised Learning Approach for Sea Ice Stage of Development Classification From AI4Arctic Sea Ice Challenge Dataset","display_name":"A Weakly Supervised Learning Approach for Sea Ice Stage of Development Classification From AI4Arctic Sea Ice Challenge Dataset","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4407638996","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2025.3542803"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2025.3542803","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2025.3542803","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100682003","display_name":"Xinwei Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0649-7284"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90610280","display_name":"South China University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0530pts50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinwei Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Marine Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0649-7284","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Marine Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002388846","display_name":"Muhammed Patel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7345-3034"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammed Patel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Systems Design Engineering, Vision and Image Processing (VIP) Research Group, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7345-3034","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Systems Design Engineering, Vision and Image Processing (VIP) Research Group, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034166335","display_name":"Linlin Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3488-5199"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168635309","display_name":"University of Calgary","ror":"https://ror.org/03yjb2x39","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Linlin Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geomatics Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3488-5199","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geomatics Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100321260","display_name":"Yuhao Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6094-0545"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuhao Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Systems Design Engineering, Vision and Image Processing (VIP) Research Group, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6094-0545","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Systems Design Engineering, Vision and Image Processing (VIP) Research Group, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083200788","display_name":"K. Andrea Scott","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3922-8777"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K. Andrea Scott","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3922-8777","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066149942","display_name":"David A. Clausi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6383-0875"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David A. Clausi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Systems Design Engineering, Vision and Image Processing (VIP) Research Group, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6383-0875","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Systems Design Engineering, Vision and Image Processing (VIP) Research Group, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.9105,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95012105,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"63","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"15"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11459","display_name":"Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11459","display_name":"Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10995","display_name":"Methane Hydrates and Related Phenomena","score":0.9941999912261963,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2304","display_name":"Environmental Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13126","display_name":"Scientific Research and Discoveries","score":0.9495000243186951,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sea-ice","display_name":"Sea ice","score":0.7554129362106323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stage","display_name":"Stage (stratigraphy)","score":0.4255436956882477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.39617106318473816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.39358100295066833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.39282986521720886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3438203036785126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climatology","display_name":"Climatology","score":0.26078784465789795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/paleontology","display_name":"Paleontology","score":0.07586798071861267}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136894858","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q213926","display_name":"Sea ice","level":2,"score":0.7554129362106323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146357865","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1123245","display_name":"Stage (stratigraphy)","level":2,"score":0.4255436956882477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.39617106318473816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.39358100295066833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.39282986521720886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3438203036785126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.26078784465789795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.07586798071861267}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2025.3542803","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2025.3542803","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","score":0.7099999785423279,"display_name":"Life below water"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4744713916","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"D2240320","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325263","display_name":"Environment and Climate Change Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/026ny0e17"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/01h531d29"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":55,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1608677044","https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W2055924182","https://openalex.org/W2101320031","https://openalex.org/W2149234741","https://openalex.org/W2558732717","https://openalex.org/W2746791238","https://openalex.org/W2887768787","https://openalex.org/W2948659326","https://openalex.org/W2963263347","https://openalex.org/W2971573157","https://openalex.org/W2989537603","https://openalex.org/W3019670400","https://openalex.org/W3037800132","https://openalex.org/W3040593397","https://openalex.org/W3044440238","https://openalex.org/W3047096992","https://openalex.org/W3132784030","https://openalex.org/W3165630282","https://openalex.org/W3217711916","https://openalex.org/W4205087189","https://openalex.org/W4205946110","https://openalex.org/W4210920397","https://openalex.org/W4214572665","https://openalex.org/W4224225090","https://openalex.org/W4283399145","https://openalex.org/W4283641179","https://openalex.org/W4295308582","https://openalex.org/W4309470632","https://openalex.org/W4312959398","https://openalex.org/W4317536071","https://openalex.org/W4319336308","https://openalex.org/W4322576452","https://openalex.org/W4365145411","https://openalex.org/W4381594965","https://openalex.org/W4382281117","https://openalex.org/W4384283977","https://openalex.org/W4385811745","https://openalex.org/W4386442829","https://openalex.org/W4386626876","https://openalex.org/W4387121455","https://openalex.org/W4388042833","https://openalex.org/W4389169645","https://openalex.org/W4391131428","https://openalex.org/W4394591472","https://openalex.org/W4399555698","https://openalex.org/W4399976524","https://openalex.org/W4401399426","https://openalex.org/W4404502277","https://openalex.org/W6726497184","https://openalex.org/W6854125994","https://openalex.org/W6860690567","https://openalex.org/W6861875064","https://openalex.org/W6868847642","https://openalex.org/W6884614326"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2324615561","https://openalex.org/W2086120259","https://openalex.org/W2245170124","https://openalex.org/W2076393078","https://openalex.org/W3186982001","https://openalex.org/W1984402782","https://openalex.org/W2137941439","https://openalex.org/W2004200960","https://openalex.org/W1999891779","https://openalex.org/W2029513011"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Deep":[0],"learning":[1,48,74],"(DL)-based":[2],"fully":[3,149],"supervised":[4,47,145,150],"approaches":[5],"have":[6],"demonstrated":[7],"remarkable":[8],"performance":[9],"in":[10,173],"sea":[11,179],"ice":[12,68,81,105,129,180],"classification,":[13],"showcasing":[14],"their":[15,22],"potential":[16],"for":[17,131,176],"highly":[18],"accurate":[19,156],"results.":[20],"However,":[21],"reliance":[23],"on":[24,45],"high-resolution":[25],"labels":[26,55,77],"poses":[27],"a":[28,37,169],"formidable":[29],"challenge,":[30],"as":[31],"obtaining":[32],"such":[33],"data":[34],"can":[35],"be":[36],"difficult":[38],"task.":[39],"In":[40],"contrast,":[41],"our":[42,143],"method":[43,146],"based":[44],"weakly":[46,144],"excels":[49],"by":[50,73],"operating":[51],"with":[52],"lower-resolution":[53],"polygon":[54],"while":[56],"still":[57],"achieving":[58],"outstanding":[59],"performance.":[60],"This":[61,166],"approach":[62],"enables":[63],"precise":[64],"pixel-level":[65],"classification":[66],"of":[67,70],"stage":[69],"development":[71],"(SOD)":[72],"from":[75,104],"region-based":[76,85],"embedded":[78],"within":[79],"expert-annotated":[80],"charts.":[82,106],"During":[83],"training,":[84],"loss":[86],"functions":[87],"are":[88],"introduced":[89],"to":[90],"quantify":[91],"the":[92,109,148,174],"disparity":[93],"between":[94],"predicted":[95],"tensors":[96,102],"describing":[97],"SOD":[98,157],"distributions":[99],"and":[100,127,134,138,163],"label":[101],"derived":[103],"We":[107],"leverage":[108],"AI4Arctic":[110],"Sea":[111],"Ice":[112],"Challenge":[113],"Dataset,":[114],"comprising":[115],"over":[116],"500":[117],"Sentinel-1":[118],"synthetic":[119],"aperture":[120],"radar":[121],"(SAR)":[122],"images,":[123],"ancillary":[124],"multisource":[125],"data,":[126],"corresponding":[128],"charts,":[130],"model":[132],"training":[133],"evaluation.":[135],"Visual":[136],"interpretation":[137],"numerical":[139],"analysis":[140],"reveal":[141],"that":[142],"outperforms":[147],"U-Net":[151],"benchmark.":[152],"It":[153],"yields":[154],"more":[155],"predictions,":[158],"significantly":[159],"enhancing":[160],"mapping":[161],"resolution":[162],"class-wise":[164],"accuracy.":[165],"methodology":[167],"marks":[168],"critical":[170],"step":[171],"forward":[172],"quest":[175],"automated":[177],"operational":[178],"mapping.":[181]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-12-19T19:40:27.379048","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}