{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4407782813","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2025.3542628","title":"Explainable Mapping of the Irregular Land Use Parcel With a Data Fusion Deep-Learning Model","display_name":"Explainable Mapping of the Irregular Land Use Parcel With a Data Fusion Deep-Learning Model","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4407782813","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2025.3542628"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2025.3542628","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2025.3542628","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2025.3542628","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027930243","display_name":"Yao Yao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2830-0377"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3124059619","display_name":"China University of Geosciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04gcegc37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yao Yao","raw_affiliation_strings":["UrbanComp Laboratory, School of Geography and Information Engineering and the National Engineering Research Center of Geographic Information System, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China","UrbanComp Lab, School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei province, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2830-0377","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UrbanComp Laboratory, School of Geography and Information Engineering and the National Engineering Research Center of Geographic Information System, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"UrbanComp Lab, School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei province, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043641565","display_name":"Ronghui Gao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3124059619","display_name":"China University of Geosciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04gcegc37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ronghui Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["UrbanComp Laboratory, School of Geography and Information Engineering and the National Engineering Research Center of Geographic Information System, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China","UrbanComp Lab, School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei province, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UrbanComp Laboratory, School of Geography and Information Engineering and the National Engineering Research Center of Geographic Information System, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"UrbanComp Lab, School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei province, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077172624","display_name":"Hao Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9550-4188"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3124059619","display_name":"China University of Geosciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04gcegc37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hao Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["UrbanComp Laboratory, School of Geography and Information Engineering and the National Engineering Research Center of Geographic Information System, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China","UrbanComp Lab, School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei province, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UrbanComp Laboratory, School of Geography and Information Engineering and the National Engineering Research Center of Geographic Information System, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"UrbanComp Lab, School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei province, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103205181","display_name":"Anning Dong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4160-5148"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3124059619","display_name":"China University of Geosciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04gcegc37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anning Dong","raw_affiliation_strings":["UrbanComp Laboratory, School of Geography and Information Engineering and the National Engineering Research Center of Geographic Information System, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China","UrbanComp Lab, School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei province, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UrbanComp Laboratory, School of Geography and Information Engineering and the National Engineering Research Center of Geographic Information System, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"UrbanComp Lab, School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei province, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"ZhiHui Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5521-189X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3124059619","display_name":"China University of Geosciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04gcegc37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"ZhiHui Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["UrbanComp Laboratory, School of Geography and Information Engineering and the National Engineering Research Center of Geographic Information System, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China","UrbanComp Lab, School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei province, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5521-189X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UrbanComp Laboratory, School of Geography and Information Engineering and the National Engineering Research Center of Geographic Information System, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"UrbanComp Lab, School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei province, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111261143","display_name":"Yueheng Ma","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3124059619","display_name":"China University of Geosciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04gcegc37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yueheng Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["UrbanComp Laboratory, School of Geography and Information Engineering and the National Engineering Research Center of Geographic Information System, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China","UrbanComp Lab, School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei province, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UrbanComp Laboratory, School of Geography and Information Engineering and the National Engineering Research Center of Geographic Information System, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"UrbanComp Lab, School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei province, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063647157","display_name":"Qingfeng Guan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7392-3709"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3124059619","display_name":"China University of Geosciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04gcegc37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qingfeng Guan","raw_affiliation_strings":["UrbanComp Laboratory, School of Geography and Information Engineering and the National Engineering Research Center of Geographic Information System, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China","UrbanComp Lab, School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei province, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7392-3709","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UrbanComp Laboratory, School of Geography and Information Engineering and the National Engineering Research Center of Geographic Information System, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"UrbanComp Lab, School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei province, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103140655","display_name":"Peng Luo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3680-8509"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peng Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Urban Studies and Planning, Senseable City Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA","Department of Urban Studies and Planning, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Senseable City Lab, Cambridge, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3680-8509","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Urban Studies and Planning, Senseable City Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Urban Studies and Planning, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Senseable City Lab, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1663,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74479365,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"63","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"15"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9714000225067139,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9714000225067139,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6029687523841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensor-fusion","display_name":"Sensor fusion","score":0.534639835357666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-modeling","display_name":"Data modeling","score":0.5187106728553772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.5059801936149597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fusion","display_name":"Fusion","score":0.4454013705253601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.41952648758888245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.39843684434890747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.2485504150390625}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6029687523841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33954974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q486494","display_name":"Sensor fusion","level":2,"score":0.534639835357666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67186912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367664","display_name":"Data modeling","level":2,"score":0.5187106728553772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5059801936149597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158525013","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2593739","display_name":"Fusion","level":2,"score":0.4454013705253601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.41952648758888245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.39843684434890747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.2485504150390625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2025.3542628","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2025.3542628","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2025.3542628","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2025.3542628","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G177416980","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42471491","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G563860809","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42171466","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6210014930","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2023YFB3906803","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7215821923","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"24H00012","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G852000342","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"KF-2023-08-04","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327727","funder_display_name":"Open Fund of Key Laboratory of Sediment Research"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327727","display_name":"Open Fund of Key Laboratory of Sediment Research","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/00hhkn466"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2060152183","https://openalex.org/W2061987443","https://openalex.org/W2336759105","https://openalex.org/W2534538876","https://openalex.org/W2604086375","https://openalex.org/W2810574214","https://openalex.org/W2891503716","https://openalex.org/W2943325261","https://openalex.org/W2947688807","https://openalex.org/W2962858109","https://openalex.org/W2963205463","https://openalex.org/W2964579991","https://openalex.org/W2981731882","https://openalex.org/W2993303109","https://openalex.org/W2997604048","https://openalex.org/W3005596500","https://openalex.org/W3011147769","https://openalex.org/W3013028075","https://openalex.org/W3135632371","https://openalex.org/W3138516171","https://openalex.org/W3189911029","https://openalex.org/W3197958969","https://openalex.org/W3212859355","https://openalex.org/W4200375520","https://openalex.org/W4206603952","https://openalex.org/W4213185605","https://openalex.org/W4213360982","https://openalex.org/W4220953632","https://openalex.org/W4221005846","https://openalex.org/W4248710273","https://openalex.org/W4308158638","https://openalex.org/W4385413338","https://openalex.org/W4386266673","https://openalex.org/W4387164679","https://openalex.org/W4390674981","https://openalex.org/W4391504382","https://openalex.org/W4391941512","https://openalex.org/W4393934663","https://openalex.org/W4394938955","https://openalex.org/W4397031136","https://openalex.org/W4400613682","https://openalex.org/W4403060817","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6767857164"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4375867731","https://openalex.org/W2611989081","https://openalex.org/W2731899572","https://openalex.org/W4230611425","https://openalex.org/W2121524756","https://openalex.org/W4294635752","https://openalex.org/W2132659060","https://openalex.org/W2031992971","https://openalex.org/W3214791684","https://openalex.org/W2152662039"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Real":[0],"land":[1,34,182],"parcels":[2],"exhibit":[3],"high":[4],"variability":[5],"in":[6,114],"size":[7],"and":[8,48,92,101,117,166,185],"complexity.":[9],"Existing":[10],"deep":[11],"learning-based":[12],"models":[13],"often":[14],"rely":[15],"on":[16,169],"grids":[17],"or":[18],"simple":[19],"resampling":[20],"to":[21,30,53,76,110,129,143,148],"ensure":[22],"consistent":[23],"input":[24],"sizes,":[25],"which":[26],"makes":[27],"it":[28],"hard":[29],"accurately":[31],"represent":[32],"real":[33],"distribution":[35],"while":[36,79],"preserving":[37],"information.":[38,82],"Current":[39],"research":[40,173],"also":[41],"lacks":[42],"the":[43,60,107,119,133,137,145,150,187],"interpretability":[44,84],"of":[45,121],"model":[46,64,138],"recognition":[47],"data":[49,93,116,140,155,188],"fusion.":[50],"In":[51],"order":[52],"address":[54],"these":[55],"limitations,":[56],"this":[57],"article":[58],"introduces":[59],"irregular":[61,170],"parcel":[62],"classification":[63,90],"(IPCM),":[65],"a":[66],"novel":[67],"multisource":[68,154],"fusion":[69,94,123,134,141,189],"approach.":[70],"IPCM":[71,161],"uses":[72],"Poisson":[73],"disk":[74],"sampling":[75],"regularize":[77],"samples":[78],"retaining":[80],"essential":[81],"IPCM\u2019s":[83],"is":[85],"analyzed":[86],"by":[87],"exploring":[88],"its":[89],"process":[91],"using":[95],"gradient-weighted":[96],"class":[97],"activation":[98],"mapping++":[99],"(Grad-CAM++)":[100],"Explainable":[102],"Boosting.":[103],"The":[104],"results":[105,124],"highlight":[106],"model\u2019s":[108],"attention":[109],"different":[111],"functional":[112],"categories":[113,127],"multimodal":[115],"reveal":[118],"phenomenon":[120],"poorer":[122],"for":[125,180],"certain":[126],"due":[128],"information":[130,147,156],"mismatch":[131],"during":[132],"process;":[135],"furthermore,":[136],"optimizes":[139],"weight":[142],"enhance":[144],"correct":[146],"mitigate":[149],"negative":[151],"impact":[152],"when":[153],"has":[157],"excessive":[158],"mismatch.":[159],"Optimized":[160],"achieves":[162],"0.892":[163],"test":[164],"accuracy":[165],"0.862":[167],"Kappa":[168],"parcels.":[171],"This":[172],"can":[174],"serve":[175],"as":[176],"an":[177],"important":[178],"reference":[179],"high-precision":[181],"use":[183],"mapping":[184],"understanding":[186],"process.":[190]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}