{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4407900627","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2025.3541390","title":"Pattern Integration and Enhancement Vision Transformer for Self-Supervised Learning in Remote Sensing","display_name":"Pattern Integration and Enhancement Vision Transformer for Self-Supervised Learning in Remote Sensing","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4407900627","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2025.3541390"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2025.3541390","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2025.3541390","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031904437","display_name":"Kaixuan Lu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kaixuan Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Piesat Information Technology Company Ltd., Beijing, China","Piesat Information Technology Co., Ltd, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0674-0788","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Piesat Information Technology Company Ltd., Beijing, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Piesat Information Technology Co., Ltd, Beijing, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030942549","display_name":"Ruiqian Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6080-9771"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114963","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Surveying and Mapping","ror":"https://ror.org/02j693n47","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114963"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruiqian Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chinese Academy of Surveying and Mapping, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6080-9771","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chinese Academy of Surveying and Mapping, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114963"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060706069","display_name":"Xiao Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4323-382X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150468666","display_name":"Emory University","ror":"https://ror.org/03czfpz43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiao Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Environmental Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4323-382X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Environmental Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067473682","display_name":"Yuxing Xie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6408-5109"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210123817","display_name":"Beijing Urban Construction Design & Development Group (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/03cw0ad25","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210123817"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92403157","display_name":"University of Science and Technology Beijing","ror":"https://ror.org/02egmk993","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92403157"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuxing Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Institute of Urbanization and Urban Safety, School of Future Cities, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China","School of Future Cities, Research Institute of Urbanization and Urban Safety, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6408-5109","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Institute of Urbanization and Urban Safety, School of Future Cities, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210123817"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Future Cities, Research Institute of Urbanization and Urban Safety, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92403157"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102344897","display_name":"Xiaogang Ning","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114963","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Surveying and Mapping","ror":"https://ror.org/02j693n47","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114963"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaogang Ning","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chinese Academy of Surveying and Mapping, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chinese Academy of Surveying and Mapping, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114963"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101843084","display_name":"Hanchao Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9610-408X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114963","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Surveying and Mapping","ror":"https://ror.org/02j693n47","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114963"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hanchao Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chinese Academy of Surveying and Mapping, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chinese Academy of Surveying and Mapping, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114963"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044581974","display_name":"Mengke Yuan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9277-2654"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mengke Yuan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Piesat Information Technology Company Ltd., Beijing, China","Piesat Information Technology Co., Ltd, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Piesat Information Technology Company Ltd., Beijing, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Piesat Information Technology Co., Ltd, Beijing, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Pan Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9779-1921"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pan Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Piesat Information Technology Company Ltd., Beijing, China","Piesat Information Technology Co., Ltd, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9779-1921","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Piesat Information Technology Company Ltd., Beijing, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Piesat Information Technology Co., Ltd, Beijing, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Tao Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4733-7802"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tao Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Piesat Information Technology Company Ltd., Beijing, China","Piesat Information Technology Co., Ltd, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4733-7802","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Piesat Information Technology Company Ltd., Beijing, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Piesat Information Technology Co., Ltd, Beijing, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046677424","display_name":"Tongkui Liao","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tongkui Liao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Piesat Information Technology Company Ltd., Beijing, China","Piesat Information Technology Co., Ltd, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Piesat Information Technology Company Ltd., Beijing, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Piesat Information Technology Co., Ltd, Beijing, China","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":10,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5031904437"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.5772,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96786814,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"63","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"13"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13890","display_name":"Remote Sensing and Land Use","score":0.9120000004768372,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13890","display_name":"Remote Sensing and Land Use","score":0.9120000004768372,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9010000228881836,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6439428329467773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.6068416237831116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.485187828540802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4129790663719177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.18034547567367554}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6439428329467773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.6068416237831116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.485187828540802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4129790663719177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.18034547567367554}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2025.3541390","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2025.3541390","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6529282522","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AR2201","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7231605234","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AR2410","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8861314657","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42201440","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2117539524","https://openalex.org/W2128728535","https://openalex.org/W2798405286","https://openalex.org/W2798991696","https://openalex.org/W2884822772","https://openalex.org/W2979579363","https://openalex.org/W2992240579","https://openalex.org/W3027225766","https://openalex.org/W3035524453","https://openalex.org/W3128661784","https://openalex.org/W3138516171","https://openalex.org/W3144483443","https://openalex.org/W3145450063","https://openalex.org/W3151168706","https://openalex.org/W3152083889","https://openalex.org/W3159481202","https://openalex.org/W3168822201","https://openalex.org/W3171007011","https://openalex.org/W3180045188","https://openalex.org/W4214589101","https://openalex.org/W4287073192","https://openalex.org/W4288391486","https://openalex.org/W4312312750","https://openalex.org/W4312795296","https://openalex.org/W4312804044","https://openalex.org/W4313156423","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W4386221015","https://openalex.org/W4390872394","https://openalex.org/W4390873251","https://openalex.org/W4390874379","https://openalex.org/W4393906060","https://openalex.org/W4395096381","https://openalex.org/W4402727177","https://openalex.org/W6620707391","https://openalex.org/W6722710385","https://openalex.org/W6755207826","https://openalex.org/W6774670964","https://openalex.org/W6779997284","https://openalex.org/W6790978476","https://openalex.org/W6796761347","https://openalex.org/W6797255657","https://openalex.org/W6804160461","https://openalex.org/W6838393215","https://openalex.org/W6840202747","https://openalex.org/W6851800889"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2772917594","https://openalex.org/W2036807459","https://openalex.org/W2058170566","https://openalex.org/W2755342338","https://openalex.org/W2166024367","https://openalex.org/W3116076068","https://openalex.org/W2229312674","https://openalex.org/W2951359407","https://openalex.org/W2079911747","https://openalex.org/W1969923398"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recent":[0],"self-supervised":[1,187],"learning":[2,10],"(SSL)":[3],"methods":[4,43],"have":[5],"demonstrated":[6,172],"impressive":[7],"results":[8,192],"in":[9,74,193],"visual":[11],"representations":[12],"from":[13],"unlabeled":[14],"remote":[15],"sensing":[16],"(RS)":[17],"images.":[18],"However,":[19],"most":[20],"RS":[21,65,102,209],"images":[22],"predominantly":[23],"consist":[24],"of":[25,40,130,135,178],"scenographic":[26,64],"scenes":[27],"containing":[28],"multiple":[29,160],"ground":[30],"objects":[31,62],"without":[32],"explicit":[33],"foreground":[34,47],"targets,":[35],"which":[36],"limits":[37],"the":[38,51,87,127,133,176],"performance":[39],"existing":[41,186],"SSL":[42,97],"that":[44,57,173],"focus":[45],"on":[46],"targets.":[48],"This":[49],"raises":[50],"question:":[52],"Is":[53],"there":[54],"a":[55,95,106,118],"method":[56],"can":[58],"automatically":[59],"aggregate":[60],"similar":[61],"within":[63],"images,":[66],"thereby":[67],"enabling":[68],"models":[69],"to":[70,109,125,146],"differentiate":[71],"knowledge":[72],"embedded":[73],"various":[75],"geospatial":[76,120],"patterns":[77],"for":[78,101,208],"improved":[79],"feature":[80,139],"representation?":[81],"In":[82],"this":[83],"work,":[84],"we":[85],"present":[86],"pattern":[88,121],"integration":[89,140],"and":[90,113,168,199,206],"enhancement":[91],"vision":[92],"transformer":[93],"(PIEViT),":[94],"novel":[96],"framework":[98],"designed":[99],"specifically":[100],"imagery.":[103],"PIEViT":[104,158,174],"utilizes":[105],"teacher-student":[107],"architecture":[108],"address":[110],"both":[111],"image-level":[112],"patch-level":[114],"tasks.":[115,212],"It":[116,189],"employs":[117],"proposed,":[119],"cohesion":[122],"(GPC)":[123],"module":[124,143],"explore":[126],"natural":[128],"clustering":[129],"patches,":[131],"enhancing":[132],"differentiation":[134],"individual":[136],"features.":[137],"A":[138],"projection":[141],"(FIP)":[142],"is":[144],"employed":[145],"further":[147],"refine":[148],"masked":[149],"token":[150],"reconstruction":[151],"using":[152],"geospatially":[153],"clustered":[154],"patches.":[155],"We":[156],"validated":[157],"across":[159],"downstream":[161],"tasks,":[162],"including":[163],"object":[164,194],"detection,":[165,195,201],"semantic":[166],"segmentation,":[167],"change":[169,200],"detection.":[170],"Experiments":[171],"enhances":[175],"representation":[177],"internal":[179],"patch":[180],"features,":[181],"providing":[182],"significant":[183],"improvements":[184],"over":[185],"baselines.":[188],"achieves":[190],"excellent":[191],"land":[196],"cover":[197],"classification,":[198],"underscoring":[202],"its":[203],"robustness,":[204],"generalization,":[205],"transferability":[207],"image":[210],"interpretation":[211]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-05-08T15:41:06.802602","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}