{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4407454999","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2025.3541246","title":"Scale-Consistent Learnable PnP Network for Space Target Pose Estimation","display_name":"Scale-Consistent Learnable PnP Network for Space Target Pose Estimation","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4407454999","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2025.3541246"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2025.3541246","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2025.3541246","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011324535","display_name":"Xi Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5791-3674"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xi Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks, School of Telecommunications Engineering, Xidian University, Xi’an, China","School of Telecommunications Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks, Xidian University, Xi’an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5791-3674","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks, School of Telecommunications Engineering, Xidian University, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Telecommunications Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks, Xidian University, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102902776","display_name":"Jingyuan Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9549-2141"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingyuan Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks, School of Telecommunications Engineering, Xidian University, Xi’an, China","School of Telecommunications Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks, Xidian University, Xi’an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9549-2141","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks, School of Telecommunications Engineering, Xidian University, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Telecommunications Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks, Xidian University, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067515645","display_name":"Songsong Duan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2983-4044"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Songsong Duan","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks, School of Telecommunications Engineering, Xidian University, Xi’an, China","School of Telecommunications Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks, Xidian University, Xi’an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2983-4044","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks, School of Telecommunications Engineering, Xidian University, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Telecommunications Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks, Xidian University, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":11.721,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97394914,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"63","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"12"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11701","display_name":"Space Satellite Systems and Control","score":0.9944999814033508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11701","display_name":"Space Satellite Systems and Control","score":0.9944999814033508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10191","display_name":"Robotics and Sensor-Based Localization","score":0.9855999946594238,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12549","display_name":"Image and Object Detection Techniques","score":0.9822999835014343,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.5924685597419739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5889195799827576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.49616488814353943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale-space","display_name":"Scale space","score":0.47778114676475525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.41039741039276123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3947877883911133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.1891184151172638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.13079270720481873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-processing","display_name":"Image processing","score":0.10776007175445557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.10560178756713867}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.5924685597419739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5889195799827576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.49616488814353943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99102927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3058184","display_name":"Scale space","level":4,"score":0.47778114676475525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.41039741039276123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3947877883911133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.1891184151172638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.13079270720481873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.10776007175445557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.10560178756713867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2025.3541246","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2025.3541246","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3157944048","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2024GXZDCYL-02-10","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336350","funder_display_name":"Key Research and Development Projects of Shaanxi Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5453829200","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62372348","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7423554361","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2023-JC-JQ-53","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336685","funder_display_name":"Tianjin Outstanding Youth Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336350","display_name":"Key Research and Development Projects of Shaanxi Province","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336685","display_name":"Tianjin Outstanding Youth Science Foundation","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":75,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1491719799","https://openalex.org/W1548836129","https://openalex.org/W1581087960","https://openalex.org/W1991544872","https://openalex.org/W1995578368","https://openalex.org/W2022955666","https://openalex.org/W2063775306","https://openalex.org/W2064607980","https://openalex.org/W2085261163","https://openalex.org/W2088115584","https://openalex.org/W2090691621","https://openalex.org/W2095905764","https://openalex.org/W2099121015","https://openalex.org/W2122612384","https://openalex.org/W2136020167","https://openalex.org/W2144587320","https://openalex.org/W2153326665","https://openalex.org/W2165919662","https://openalex.org/W2168241268","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2291821649","https://openalex.org/W2331453674","https://openalex.org/W2333681793","https://openalex.org/W2388569008","https://openalex.org/W2461941265","https://openalex.org/W2473967151","https://openalex.org/W2508235513","https://openalex.org/W2594388292","https://openalex.org/W2618530766","https://openalex.org/W2781922294","https://openalex.org/W2810416830","https://openalex.org/W2943519239","https://openalex.org/W2955734826","https://openalex.org/W2963756608","https://openalex.org/W2963887795","https://openalex.org/W2964221239","https://openalex.org/W2964350391","https://openalex.org/W2971436417","https://openalex.org/W2989915422","https://openalex.org/W2998676925","https://openalex.org/W3001340251","https://openalex.org/W3004311174","https://openalex.org/W3089381104","https://openalex.org/W3109769043","https://openalex.org/W3175491752","https://openalex.org/W3176191528","https://openalex.org/W3176892444","https://openalex.org/W3192586743","https://openalex.org/W4206487537","https://openalex.org/W4229073080","https://openalex.org/W4294631740","https://openalex.org/W4304588426","https://openalex.org/W4310155423","https://openalex.org/W4310285225","https://openalex.org/W4312717825","https://openalex.org/W4313176116","https://openalex.org/W4360821473","https://openalex.org/W4361759625","https://openalex.org/W4366826162","https://openalex.org/W4376608006","https://openalex.org/W4386003392","https://openalex.org/W4387790106","https://openalex.org/W4394002347","https://openalex.org/W4395447867","https://openalex.org/W4399374654","https://openalex.org/W4401109178","https://openalex.org/W4402904255","https://openalex.org/W6620707391","https://openalex.org/W6631182026","https://openalex.org/W6769201011","https://openalex.org/W6784094891","https://openalex.org/W6789130066","https://openalex.org/W6790609158","https://openalex.org/W6794148496","https://openalex.org/W6870390379"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2772917594","https://openalex.org/W2036807459","https://openalex.org/W2058170566","https://openalex.org/W2755342338","https://openalex.org/W2166024367","https://openalex.org/W3116076068","https://openalex.org/W2229312674","https://openalex.org/W2951359407","https://openalex.org/W2079911747","https://openalex.org/W1969923398"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Due":[0],"to":[1,20,54,69,109,129,161,185],"constraints":[2],"from":[3],"imaging":[4],"devices,":[5],"the":[6,12,28,60,126,144,202],"most":[7],"effective":[8],"method":[9,94],"for":[10,32,90],"estimating":[11],"pose":[13,33,88,139],"of":[14],"space":[15,91,149],"target":[16,150],"RGB":[17],"images":[18],"is":[19],"establish":[21],"a":[22,79,96,104,112,135,171],"2-D\u20133-D":[23,61,127],"correspondence":[24],"and":[25,199,204],"then":[26],"use":[27],"perspective-n-point":[29],"(PnP)":[30],"algorithm":[31],"recovery.":[34],"However,":[35],"traditional":[36],"PnP":[37,56,82,100,108],"algorithms":[38],"are":[39],"not":[40],"differentiable,":[41],"which":[42],"hinders":[43],"their":[44],"integration":[45],"with":[46,118,182],"neural":[47,120],"network":[48,84],"training.":[49],"Although":[50],"recent":[51],"work":[52],"attempts":[53],"make":[55],"partially":[57],"differentiable":[58,113],"during":[59],"matching":[62],"stage":[63],"by":[64,158],"mathematical":[65],"methods,":[66],"this":[67,75],"leads":[68],"increased":[70],"inevitably":[71],"computational":[72],"costs.":[73],"To":[74,142],"end,":[76],"we":[77,123,152,169],"propose":[78,170],"scale-consistent":[80],"learnable":[81,99],"(SCLP)":[83],"that":[85,115,177,193],"facilitates":[86],"end-to-end":[87],"estimation":[89,140],"targets.":[92],"Our":[93],"incorporates":[95],"sparse":[97,131],"keypoint":[98,132],"(SKL-PnP)":[101],"layer":[102,114],"within":[103],"multiscale":[105],"network,":[106],"enabling":[107],"function":[110],"as":[111],"integrates":[116],"seamlessly":[117],"preceding":[119],"components.":[121],"Additionally,":[122],"also":[124],"sample":[125],"correspondences":[128],"obtain":[130],"pairs,":[133],"achieving":[134],"lightweight":[136],"single-stage":[137],"6-D":[138],"algorithm.":[141],"manage":[143],"significant":[145,208],"scale":[146,172,188],"variations":[147],"in":[148],"images,":[151],"introduce":[153],"Gaussian":[154],"perception":[155],"sampling":[156],"(GPS)":[157],"assigning":[159],"instances":[160],"different":[162],"pyramid":[163],"levels":[164],"based":[165],"on":[166,201],"size.":[167],"Furthermore,":[168],"consistency":[173],"regularization":[174],"(SCR)":[175],"module":[176],"aligns":[178],"downsized":[179],"feature":[180],"maps":[181],"original":[183],"ones":[184],"better":[186],"address":[187],"differences.":[189],"Experimental":[190],"results":[191],"demonstrate":[192],"our":[194],"approach":[195],"achieves":[196],"superior":[197],"accuracy":[198],"efficiency":[200],"SPEED":[203],"SwissCube":[205],"datasets,":[206],"showing":[207],"improvements":[209],"over":[210],"state-of-the-art":[211],"methods.":[212]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}