{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4406892695","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2025.3535800","title":"CSFNet: Cross-Modal Semantic Focus Network for Semantic Segmentation of Large-Scale Point Clouds","display_name":"CSFNet: Cross-Modal Semantic Focus Network for Semantic Segmentation of Large-Scale Point Clouds","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4406892695","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2025.3535800"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2025.3535800","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2025.3535800","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102759260","display_name":"Yang Luo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8719-3938"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161346416","display_name":"Jimei University","ror":"https://ror.org/03hknyb50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161346416"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8719-3938","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161346416"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103286073","display_name":"Ting Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9474-8337"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ting Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geospatial Engineering and Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China","school of Geospatial Engineering and Science, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9474-8337","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geospatial Engineering and Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"school of Geospatial Engineering and Science, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yujun Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0628-8630"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180726961","display_name":"Shenzhen University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vy4gh70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yujun Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0628-8630","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049203004","display_name":"Jinhe Su","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1707-5685"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161346416","display_name":"Jimei University","ror":"https://ror.org/03hknyb50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161346416"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinhe Su","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1707-5685","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161346416"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100374691","display_name":"Yiping Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1465-6599"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yiping Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geospatial Engineering and Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China","school of Geospatial Engineering and Science, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1465-6599","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geospatial Engineering and Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"school of Geospatial Engineering and Science, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114052070","display_name":"Jinyuan Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161346416","display_name":"Jimei University","ror":"https://ror.org/03hknyb50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161346416"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinyuan Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1875-7712","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161346416"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103227887","display_name":"Yundong Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3554-5549"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161346416","display_name":"Jimei University","ror":"https://ror.org/03hknyb50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161346416"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yundong Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161346416"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100620003","display_name":"Guorong Cai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8091-271X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161346416","display_name":"Jimei University","ror":"https://ror.org/03hknyb50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161346416"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guorong Cai","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8091-271X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161346416"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.0821,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9298568,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"63","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"15"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9632999897003174,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9632999897003174,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12698","display_name":"3D Modeling in Geospatial Applications","score":0.9462000131607056,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11106","display_name":"Data Management and Algorithms","score":0.9172000288963318,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.692269504070282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.6917115449905396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.5834784507751465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.5613644123077393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modal","display_name":"Modal","score":0.5535189509391785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.520913302898407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point-cloud","display_name":"Point cloud","score":0.454690158367157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantics","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","score":0.428340345621109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3909301161766052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.2637336254119873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.11208394169807434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.09297633171081543}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.692269504070282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.6917115449905396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.5834784507751465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.5613644123077393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71139939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q910194","display_name":"Modal","level":2,"score":0.5535189509391785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.520913302898407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131979681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1899648","display_name":"Point cloud","level":2,"score":0.454690158367157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.428340345621109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3909301161766052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.2637336254119873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.11208394169807434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.09297633171081543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188027245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750446","display_name":"Polymer chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2025.3535800","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2025.3535800","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2659409160","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant 42371457, Grant 41971424, Grant 42301468, an","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G326700884","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"3502Z202371019","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320316884","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Xiamen City"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3389261439","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"3502Z202373036","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320316884","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Xiamen City"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4052947816","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42371457","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8359015589","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42371343","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G873737750","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42301468","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320316884","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Xiamen City","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":60,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2962912109","https://openalex.org/W2963125977","https://openalex.org/W2963182550","https://openalex.org/W2968557240","https://openalex.org/W2990613095","https://openalex.org/W2991216808","https://openalex.org/W3003437478","https://openalex.org/W3009257359","https://openalex.org/W3012494314","https://openalex.org/W3035275207","https://openalex.org/W3035524453","https://openalex.org/W3035574168","https://openalex.org/W3093434340","https://openalex.org/W3109154950","https://openalex.org/W3109944402","https://openalex.org/W3116959466","https://openalex.org/W3137210930","https://openalex.org/W3173732446","https://openalex.org/W3177330511","https://openalex.org/W3181190968","https://openalex.org/W3183908145","https://openalex.org/W3201726317","https://openalex.org/W4214755140","https://openalex.org/W4225986494","https://openalex.org/W4226106508","https://openalex.org/W4285141051","https://openalex.org/W4312317653","https://openalex.org/W4312414163","https://openalex.org/W4312588336","https://openalex.org/W4312707458","https://openalex.org/W4327967895","https://openalex.org/W4366714559","https://openalex.org/W4386065344","https://openalex.org/W4386065742","https://openalex.org/W4386075580","https://openalex.org/W4386075854","https://openalex.org/W4386075910","https://openalex.org/W4386766976","https://openalex.org/W4389610324","https://openalex.org/W4389665312","https://openalex.org/W4390480966","https://openalex.org/W4390871794","https://openalex.org/W4390872801","https://openalex.org/W4390873233","https://openalex.org/W4390874213","https://openalex.org/W4390874215","https://openalex.org/W4391235308","https://openalex.org/W4391696916","https://openalex.org/W4402334165","https://openalex.org/W4402667891","https://openalex.org/W4402705525","https://openalex.org/W4402727667","https://openalex.org/W4402728013","https://openalex.org/W6739778489","https://openalex.org/W6763422710","https://openalex.org/W6791353385","https://openalex.org/W6846166657","https://openalex.org/W6853787859","https://openalex.org/W6859106235"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4389574804","https://openalex.org/W3016928466","https://openalex.org/W2936725271","https://openalex.org/W4399442168","https://openalex.org/W2114282491","https://openalex.org/W3112772842","https://openalex.org/W2020521331","https://openalex.org/W101162712","https://openalex.org/W4256618828","https://openalex.org/W2786691313"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Semantic":[0],"segmentation":[1,178],"of":[2,10,34,98,116,121,155,170],"large-scale":[3],"point":[4,35,99,156],"clouds":[5,36,100],"is":[6],"an":[7],"indispensable":[8],"component":[9],"outdoor":[11],"scene":[12,22],"perception,":[13],"providing":[14],"essential":[15],"3-D":[16],"semantic":[17,74,128],"insights":[18],"for":[19],"applications":[20],"in":[21,52,109],"reconstruction,":[23],"urban":[24],"planning,":[25],"autonomous":[26],"driving,":[27],"and":[28,60,105,118,164],"more.":[29],"However,":[30],"the":[31,43,62,72,95,113,152,162,168],"discriminative":[32],"capability":[33],"features":[37,115],"declines":[38],"with":[39,66,101],"increasing":[40],"distance":[41],"from":[42],"sensor,":[44],"causing":[45],"current":[46,188],"methods":[47],"to":[48,88,111,139,150,187],"usually":[49],"perform":[50],"poorly":[51],"segmenting":[53],"distant":[54,117],"objects.":[55],"To":[56],"overcome":[57],"this":[58],"challenge":[59],"improve":[61],"differentiation":[63],"between":[64],"classes":[65,182],"similar":[67],"geometric":[68],"features,":[69,92],"we":[70,79,125,144],"propose":[71,126],"cross-modal":[73,146],"focus":[75,129],"network":[76],"(CSFNet).":[77],"Firstly,":[78],"design":[80],"a":[81,127,134],"multiscale":[82,90],"feature":[83,96,141],"dynamic":[84],"fusion":[85],"(MDF)":[86],"module":[87,130],"leverage":[89],"image":[91],"thereby":[93],"enriching":[94],"representation":[97],"additional":[102],"images":[103],"color":[104],"texture":[106],"information.":[107],"Then,":[108],"order":[110],"extract":[112],"distinguishing":[114],"different":[119],"categories":[120],"objects":[122],"more":[123],"efficiently,":[124],"(SFM)":[131],"that":[132],"employs":[133],"multiclass":[135],"contrastive":[136],"learning":[137],"strategy":[138],"enhance":[140],"discrimination.":[142],"Finally,":[143],"introduce":[145],"knowledge":[147],"distillation":[148],"(KD)":[149],"augment":[151],"model\u2019s":[153],"comprehension":[154],"clouds.":[157],"Extensive":[158],"experiments":[159],"conducted":[160],"on":[161],"SemanticKITTI":[163],"nuScenes":[165],"datasets":[166],"demonstrate":[167],"effectiveness":[169],"our":[171,174],"method.":[172],"Notably,":[173],"method":[175],"achieves":[176],"superior":[177],"accuracy":[179],"across":[180],"multiple":[181],"at":[183],"various":[184],"distances":[185],"compared":[186],"methods.":[189]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-01-29T00:00:00"}
