{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4406858133","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2025.3535104","title":"Dense Supervised Dual-Aware Contrastive Learning for Airborne Laser Scanning Weakly Supervised Semantic Segmentation","display_name":"Dense Supervised Dual-Aware Contrastive Learning for Airborne Laser Scanning Weakly Supervised Semantic Segmentation","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4406858133","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2025.3535104"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2025.3535104","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2025.3535104","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072179912","display_name":"Ziwei Luo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6648-2768"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119942","display_name":"Wuhan Textile University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jgsf398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119942"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ziwei Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6648-2768","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119942"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063558254","display_name":"Tao Zeng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8006-3287"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24185976","display_name":"Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/011ashp19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24201400","display_name":"Chengdu University of Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yxwrh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24201400"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tao Zeng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Information Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Information Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24201400","https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015818430","display_name":"Xinyi Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5598-7562"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3124059619","display_name":"China University of Geosciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04gcegc37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinyi Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan, China","School of Computer Science, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103805934","display_name":"Qingyu Peng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5623-3822"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qingyu Peng","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101925863","display_name":"Ying Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2487-9921"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3124059619","display_name":"China University of Geosciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04gcegc37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ying Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Engineering Research Center for Geographic Information System, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan, China","National Engineering Research Center for Geographic Information System, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Engineering Research Center for Geographic Information System, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Engineering Research Center for Geographic Information System, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100457293","display_name":"Zhong Xie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4669-5923"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3124059619","display_name":"China University of Geosciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04gcegc37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhong Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan, China","School of Computer Science, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4669-5923","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103235989","display_name":"Xiong Pan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3905-0075"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119942","display_name":"Wuhan Textile University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jgsf398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119942"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiong Pan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3905-0075","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119942"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5072179912"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119942"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.689,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.64487061,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"63","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"15"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9732000231742859,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11659","display_name":"Advanced Image Fusion Techniques","score":0.9539999961853027,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7020784616470337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.6434286236763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6264033913612366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.49213141202926636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dual","display_name":"Dual (grammatical number)","score":0.4596402943134308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-segmentation","display_name":"Image segmentation","score":0.4546412229537964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laser-scanning","display_name":"Laser scanning","score":0.44218409061431885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lidar","display_name":"Lidar","score":0.4407534599304199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/supervised-learning","display_name":"Supervised learning","score":0.43434110283851624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4258694052696228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.39268726110458374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laser","display_name":"Laser","score":0.23568734526634216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.20855945348739624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.10112303495407104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.08946040272712708}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7020784616470337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.6434286236763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6264033913612366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.49213141202926636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780980858","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q110022","display_name":"Dual (grammatical number)","level":2,"score":0.4596402943134308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.4546412229537964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141349535","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1361664","display_name":"Laser scanning","level":3,"score":0.44218409061431885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51399673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504027","display_name":"Lidar","level":2,"score":0.4407534599304199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136389625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q334384","display_name":"Supervised learning","level":3,"score":0.43434110283851624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4258694052696228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.39268726110458374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520434653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser","level":2,"score":0.23568734526634216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.20855945348739624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.10112303495407104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.08946040272712708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124952713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8242","display_name":"Literature","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2025.3535104","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2025.3535104","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1293592049","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NO.25NSFSC1006","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329861","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5296756609","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JCZRQN202500999","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322186","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7113615511","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2025ZNSFSC0529","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336756","funder_display_name":"Tianjin Science and Technology Program"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322186","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329861","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336756","display_name":"Tianjin Science and Technology Program","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":55,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1964131990","https://openalex.org/W1973644502","https://openalex.org/W2425812835","https://openalex.org/W2606520626","https://openalex.org/W2842511635","https://openalex.org/W2962880841","https://openalex.org/W2963121255","https://openalex.org/W2963231572","https://openalex.org/W2979750740","https://openalex.org/W2981983525","https://openalex.org/W2990613095","https://openalex.org/W3008274274","https://openalex.org/W3012494314","https://openalex.org/W3025207350","https://openalex.org/W3034981362","https://openalex.org/W3035739565","https://openalex.org/W3043099088","https://openalex.org/W3109646990","https://openalex.org/W3113328489","https://openalex.org/W3116959466","https://openalex.org/W3158097430","https://openalex.org/W3166573884","https://openalex.org/W3168822201","https://openalex.org/W3177450673","https://openalex.org/W3192696635","https://openalex.org/W3202349074","https://openalex.org/W3202541643","https://openalex.org/W3203495808","https://openalex.org/W4210998390","https://openalex.org/W4214755140","https://openalex.org/W4220832476","https://openalex.org/W4225759834","https://openalex.org/W4312259052","https://openalex.org/W4312788649","https://openalex.org/W4313169553","https://openalex.org/W4362500593","https://openalex.org/W4362603458","https://openalex.org/W4364323060","https://openalex.org/W4366678167","https://openalex.org/W4380303698","https://openalex.org/W4386645510","https://openalex.org/W4387885998","https://openalex.org/W4388284107","https://openalex.org/W4388936615","https://openalex.org/W4389474261","https://openalex.org/W4389610324","https://openalex.org/W4392543909","https://openalex.org/W4392693996","https://openalex.org/W4393405446","https://openalex.org/W4399206244","https://openalex.org/W4400949792","https://openalex.org/W4403759125","https://openalex.org/W6753266022","https://openalex.org/W6763422710","https://openalex.org/W6778102432"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4319317934","https://openalex.org/W4406302447","https://openalex.org/W2901265155","https://openalex.org/W2956374172","https://openalex.org/W4319837668","https://openalex.org/W4308071650","https://openalex.org/W3188333020","https://openalex.org/W4281783339","https://openalex.org/W1964041166","https://openalex.org/W4390887692"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Airborne":[0],"laser":[1],"scanning":[2,26],"(ALS)":[3],"point":[4,9,143],"clouds,":[5],"characterized":[6],"by":[7,117,171,183],"low":[8],"density":[10],"due":[11,70],"to":[12,30,71,107,112,140,163,179,209],"extensive":[13,79],"ground":[14],"coverage,":[15],"pose":[16],"significant":[17],"challenges":[18],"in":[19,33,126,167],"labeling":[20,43],"work.":[21],"In":[22,48,131],"addition,":[23,132],"the":[24,39,72,109,191],"ALS":[25,201],"pattern":[27],"can":[28],"lead":[29],"occlusions,":[31],"resulting":[32],"data":[34,115],"gaps":[35],"and":[36,74,189],"further":[37],"increasing":[38],"difficulty":[40],"of":[41,62,77,193,219],"accurately":[42],"points":[44,116],"within":[45],"obstructed":[46],"areas.":[47],"this":[49,160],"context,":[50],"fully":[51,211],"supervised":[52,90,95,212],"deep":[53],"learning":[54,91,98,124,154],"methods,":[55,213],"which":[56],"rely":[57],"on":[58,185,198],"a":[59,93,103,135],"large":[60],"volume":[61],"precisely":[63],"annotated":[64],"point-level":[65],"data,":[66,175],"are":[67],"not":[68],"well-suited":[69],"time-consuming":[73],"costly":[75],"nature":[76],"obtaining":[78],"labeled":[80,220],"datasets.":[81],"Addressing":[82],"these":[83],"challenges,":[84],"we":[85,133],"propose":[86],"an":[87],"innovative":[88],"weakly":[89],"strategy:":[92],"dense":[94,137],"dual-aware":[96],"contrastive":[97,105,138,161],"(DSDCL)":[99],"approach.":[100],"We":[101,158],"introduce":[102],"context-aware":[104],"constraint":[106,139,162],"enhance":[108,164],"model\u2019s":[110],"ability":[111],"differentiate":[113],"similar":[114],"leveraging":[118],"subtle":[119],"contextual":[120],"differences,":[121],"improving":[122,176],"feature":[123,149],"robustness":[125,178],"environments":[127],"with":[128],"incomplete":[129],"objects.":[130],"apply":[134],"scene-aware":[136],"enable":[141],"multiscale":[142],"cloud":[144],"representations":[145],"while":[146],"enforcing":[147],"class-aware":[148],"space":[150],"constraints":[151],"through":[152],"gradient-based":[153],"across":[155],"multiple":[156],"layers.":[157],"employ":[159],"category":[165],"discrepancies":[166],"prototype":[168,187],"features":[169,188],"predicted":[170],"pseudo-labels":[172],"from":[173],"dual-branch":[174],"model":[177],"categorical":[180],"distribution":[181],"differences":[182],"focusing":[184],"class":[186],"mitigating":[190],"impact":[192],"erroneous":[194],"pseudo-labels.":[195],"Extensive":[196],"experiments":[197],"three":[199],"benchmark":[200],"datasets":[202],"demonstrate":[203],"that":[204],"DSDCL":[205],"achieves":[206],"performance":[207],"comparable":[208],"advanced":[210],"even":[214],"when":[215],"using":[216],"only":[217],"0.1%":[218],"samples.":[221]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-05T08:41:31.759640","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}