{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4406089811","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2025.3526190","title":"A Mamba-Aware Spatial\u2013Spectral Cross-Modal Network for Remote Sensing Classification","display_name":"A Mamba-Aware Spatial\u2013Spectral Cross-Modal Network for Remote Sensing Classification","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4406089811","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2025.3526190"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2025.3526190","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2025.3526190","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035522303","display_name":"Mengru Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6802-539X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mengru Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Image Understanding of Ministry of Education, International Research Center for Intelligent Perception and Computation, School of Artificial Intelligence, Xidian University, Xi’an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6802-539X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Image Understanding of Ministry of Education, International Research Center for Intelligent Perception and Computation, School of Artificial Intelligence, Xidian University, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037729915","display_name":"Jiaxuan Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2827-0681"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiaxuan Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Image Understanding of Ministry of Education, International Research Center for Intelligent Perception and Computation, School of Artificial Intelligence, Xidian University, Xi’an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2827-0681","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Image Understanding of Ministry of Education, International Research Center for Intelligent Perception and Computation, School of Artificial Intelligence, Xidian University, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065027008","display_name":"Wenping Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8872-2195"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenping Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Image Understanding of Ministry of Education, International Research Center for Intelligent Perception and Computation, School of Artificial Intelligence, Xidian University, Xi’an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8872-2195","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Image Understanding of Ministry of Education, International Research Center for Intelligent Perception and Computation, School of Artificial Intelligence, Xidian University, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050630882","display_name":"Licheng Jiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3354-9617"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Licheng Jiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Image Understanding of Ministry of Education, International Research Center for Intelligent Perception and Computation, School of Artificial Intelligence, Xidian University, Xi’an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3354-9617","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Image Understanding of Ministry of Education, International Research Center for Intelligent Perception and Computation, School of Artificial Intelligence, Xidian University, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100443350","display_name":"Lingling Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6130-2518"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lingling Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Image Understanding of Ministry of Education, International Research Center for Intelligent Perception and Computation, School of Artificial Intelligence, Xidian University, Xi’an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6130-2518","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Image Understanding of Ministry of Education, International Research Center for Intelligent Perception and Computation, School of Artificial Intelligence, Xidian University, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100331710","display_name":"Xu Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8780-5455"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xu Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Image Understanding of Ministry of Education, International Research Center for Intelligent Perception and Computation, School of Artificial Intelligence, Xidian University, Xi’an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8780-5455","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Image Understanding of Ministry of Education, International Research Center for Intelligent Perception and Computation, School of Artificial Intelligence, Xidian University, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100453075","display_name":"Fang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5669-9354"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Image Understanding of Ministry of Education, International Research Center for Intelligent Perception and Computation, School of Artificial Intelligence, Xidian University, Xi’an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5669-9354","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Image Understanding of Ministry of Education, International Research Center for Intelligent Perception and Computation, School of Artificial Intelligence, Xidian University, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100764373","display_name":"Shuyuan Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4796-5737"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuyuan Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Image Understanding of Ministry of Education, International Research Center for Intelligent Perception and Computation, School of Artificial Intelligence, Xidian University, Xi’an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4796-5737","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Image Understanding of Ministry of Education, International Research Center for Intelligent Perception and Computation, School of Artificial Intelligence, Xidian University, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.3056,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96622366,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"63","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"15"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11659","display_name":"Advanced Image Fusion Techniques","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6992946863174438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leverage","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","score":0.616815447807312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multispectral-image","display_name":"Multispectral image","score":0.5977906584739685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5519119501113892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.5275791883468628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.40882408618927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.33410805463790894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.32128840684890747}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6992946863174438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153083717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535263","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.616815447807312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173163844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1761440","display_name":"Multispectral image","level":2,"score":0.5977906584739685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5519119501113892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.5275791883468628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.40882408618927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.33410805463790894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.32128840684890747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2025.3526190","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2025.3526190","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1741041753","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U22B2054","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2919056400","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IRT15R53","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G360022451","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62276201","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3960429886","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62276199","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G457964128","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62431020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8929578879","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62076192","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":58,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2157331557","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2565639579","https://openalex.org/W3022140654","https://openalex.org/W3091842132","https://openalex.org/W3115994626","https://openalex.org/W3172075653","https://openalex.org/W3199303234","https://openalex.org/W3204731106","https://openalex.org/W3213272555","https://openalex.org/W4210392637","https://openalex.org/W4225630686","https://openalex.org/W4312208437","https://openalex.org/W4312372237","https://openalex.org/W4312807131","https://openalex.org/W4315606133","https://openalex.org/W4320005441","https://openalex.org/W4323543215","https://openalex.org/W4362014056","https://openalex.org/W4362496246","https://openalex.org/W4380763457","https://openalex.org/W4382138923","https://openalex.org/W4384917159","https://openalex.org/W4385819914","https://openalex.org/W4386071863","https://openalex.org/W4386189887","https://openalex.org/W4386634481","https://openalex.org/W4386784430","https://openalex.org/W4386825235","https://openalex.org/W4387415336","https://openalex.org/W4387682053","https://openalex.org/W4387802838","https://openalex.org/W4388706355","https://openalex.org/W4388936822","https://openalex.org/W4389326242","https://openalex.org/W4390603854","https://openalex.org/W4390738736","https://openalex.org/W4391013663","https://openalex.org/W4391941512","https://openalex.org/W4392014897","https://openalex.org/W4392152074","https://openalex.org/W4394838948","https://openalex.org/W4394867784","https://openalex.org/W4396243178","https://openalex.org/W4399126338","https://openalex.org/W4399167868","https://openalex.org/W4399728280","https://openalex.org/W4399939447","https://openalex.org/W4400113405","https://openalex.org/W4401328170","https://openalex.org/W4401507834","https://openalex.org/W4401507894","https://openalex.org/W4403295566","https://openalex.org/W4405953164","https://openalex.org/W6859298233","https://openalex.org/W6861387779","https://openalex.org/W6864154384","https://openalex.org/W6864657563"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4318664220","https://openalex.org/W2771047279","https://openalex.org/W4388409104","https://openalex.org/W2124951708","https://openalex.org/W1544811710","https://openalex.org/W172072032","https://openalex.org/W2006066416","https://openalex.org/W3157073418","https://openalex.org/W2021642829","https://openalex.org/W2058127401"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,119,172],"study":[1],"introduces":[2,112],"a":[3,37,155],"novel":[4],"cross-modal":[5],"spatial-spectral":[6,95],"interaction":[7,115,127],"Mamba":[8],"(CMS2I-Mamba)":[9],"for":[10,226],"remote":[11],"sensing":[12],"image":[13],"fusion":[14,144,188,221],"classification.":[15],"Unlike":[16],"convolution-based":[17],"models":[18,25,32],"focusing":[19],"on":[20,199],"local":[21],"details":[22],"and":[23,44,55,84,92,124,163,189,212,217],"Transformer-based":[24],"with":[26],"high":[27],"computational":[28,213],"complexity,":[29],"CMS2I-Mamba":[30,203,227],"efficiently":[31],"global":[33,79],"long-range":[34],"dependencies":[35],"in":[36,52,169,205,220],"linear":[38],"complexity":[39],"manner.":[40],"First,":[41],"multispectral":[42],"(MS)":[43],"panchromatic":[45],"(PAN)":[46],"images":[47,104],"each":[48],"have":[49],"unique":[50,149],"advantages":[51],"the":[53,64,78,90,100,113,142,148,165,176,186,202],"spectral":[54,83],"spatial":[56,85],"attributes.":[57],"Given":[58],"this,":[59],"this":[60,109,152,206],"paper":[61,110,153,207],"innovatively":[62],"designs":[63],"multi-path":[65],"selective-scan":[66],"mechanism":[67],"(MPS2M),":[68],"which":[69,160],"applies":[70],"different":[71,107,194],"path":[72],"scanning":[73],"strategies":[74,128],"to":[75,88,98,129,140,146,179],"deeply":[76],"capture":[77],"features":[80,136,145],"from":[81],"both":[82],"dimensions,":[86],"aiming":[87],"enhance":[89],"robustness":[91],"complementarity":[93],"of":[94,134,191],"features.":[96,171],"Secondly,":[97],"overcome":[99],"characterization":[101],"differences":[102],"between":[103,137,193],"acquired":[105],"by":[106],"sensors,":[108],"further":[111],"channel":[114,126],"alignment":[116,133],"module":[117,120,158],"(CIAM).":[118],"employs":[121],"efficient":[122],"former-last":[123],"oddeven":[125],"achieve":[130],"precise":[131],"semantic":[132,167],"deep":[135,170,187],"modalities.":[138,195],"Finally,":[139],"leverage":[141],"shared":[143],"guide":[147],"singular":[150],"features,":[151],"proposes":[154],"semantic-aware":[156],"calibration":[157],"(SACM),":[159],"accurately":[161],"constraints":[162],"calibrates":[164],"same":[166],"information":[168,192],"not":[173],"only":[174],"enhances":[175],"model\u2019s":[177],"ability":[178],"understand":[180],"scene":[181],"semantics,":[182],"but":[183],"also":[184],"promotes":[185],"utilization":[190],"Through":[196],"experimental":[197],"verification":[198],"multiple":[200],"datasets,":[201],"proposed":[204],"shows":[208],"excellent":[209],"recognition":[210],"performance":[211],"efficiency":[214],"(parameter":[215],"quantity":[216],"running":[218],"speed)":[219],"classification":[222],"tasks.":[223],"The":[224],"code":[225],"is":[228],"available":[229],"at:":[230],"https://github.com/ru-willow/CMSI-Mamba.":[231]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-08-11T07:18:39.950985","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}