{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4405632908","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2024.3520709","title":"Typhoon Maximum Sustained Wind Estimation Using Combined GNSS-Reflectometry and Scatterometer (CoGREAT): Initial Results From GNOS-R and WindRAD on FengYun-3E","display_name":"Typhoon Maximum Sustained Wind Estimation Using Combined GNSS-Reflectometry and Scatterometer (CoGREAT): Initial Results From GNOS-R and WindRAD on FengYun-3E","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-12-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4405632908","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2024.3520709"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2024.3520709","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2024.3520709","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046142095","display_name":"Xianci Wan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4239-8622"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"X. Wan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Remote Sensing and GIS, School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China","School of Earth and Space Sciences, Institute of Remote Sensing and GIS, Peking University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4239-8622","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Remote Sensing and GIS, School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Earth and Space Sciences, Institute of Remote Sensing and GIS, Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064633145","display_name":"Baojian Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2390-2889"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31683504","display_name":"Beijing Forestry University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xv2pc41","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1327237609","https://openalex.org/I31683504","https://openalex.org/I4210127390"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Baojian Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China","School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, Chi"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2390-2889","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31683504"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, Chi","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31683504"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054815536","display_name":"Zhizhou Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2277-1434"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Z. Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Remote Sensing and GIS, School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China","School of Earth and Space Sciences, Institute of Remote Sensing and GIS, Peking University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2277-1434","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Remote Sensing and GIS, School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Earth and Space Sciences, Institute of Remote Sensing and GIS, Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082718736","display_name":"Zhenghuan Xia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3152-1568"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Z. Xia","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Space-Ground Integrated Information Technology (SKL-SGIIT), Beijing Institute of Satellite Information Engineering, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Space-Ground Integrated Information Technology (SKL-SGIIT), Beijing Institute of Satellite Information Engineering, Beijing, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005924976","display_name":"Tao Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8329-9308"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T. Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Space-Ground Integrated Information Technology (SKL-SGIIT), Beijing Institute of Satellite Information Engineering, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8329-9308","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Space-Ground Integrated Information Technology (SKL-SGIIT), Beijing Institute of Satellite Information Engineering, Beijing, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035656244","display_name":"Xiuqing Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3020-8676"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141301092","display_name":"China Meteorological Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/00bx3rb98","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141301092"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"X. Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Satellite Meteorological Center, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3020-8676","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Satellite Meteorological Center, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141301092"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100784792","display_name":"Wei Wan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7925-1210"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Wan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Remote Sensing and GIS, School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China","School of Earth and Space Sciences, Institute of Remote Sensing and GIS, Peking University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7925-1210","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Remote Sensing and GIS, School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Earth and Space Sciences, Institute of Remote Sensing and GIS, Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.2562378,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"63","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"18"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11483","display_name":"Tropical and Extratropical Cyclones Research","score":0.9842000007629395,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11483","display_name":"Tropical and Extratropical Cyclones Research","score":0.9842000007629395,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13177","display_name":"Geological and Geophysical Studies","score":0.9821000099182129,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1907","display_name":"Geology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11061","display_name":"Ocean Waves and Remote Sensing","score":0.9812999963760376,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/typhoon","display_name":"Typhoon","score":0.8588960766792297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gnss-applications","display_name":"GNSS applications","score":0.813345730304718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reflectometry","display_name":"Reflectometry","score":0.7063164710998535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.6943718791007996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scatterometer","display_name":"Scatterometer","score":0.6866105794906616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.5166597366333008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.49543988704681396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wind-speed","display_name":"Wind speed","score":0.3213818073272705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.23943963646888733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.23827004432678223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.1940135359764099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.17751869559288025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.0724959671497345}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181654704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q140588","display_name":"Typhoon","level":2,"score":0.8588960766792297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14279187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5514012","display_name":"GNSS applications","level":3,"score":0.813345730304718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778925768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454718","display_name":"Reflectometry","level":3,"score":0.7063164710998535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.6943718791007996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776212561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905295","display_name":"Scatterometer","level":3,"score":0.6866105794906616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.5166597366333008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.49543988704681396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161067210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1464943","display_name":"Wind speed","level":2,"score":0.3213818073272705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.23943963646888733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.23827004432678223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.1940135359764099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.17751869559288025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0724959671497345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103824480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185889","display_name":"Time domain","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2024.3520709","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2024.3520709","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7900000214576721,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3520560126","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42301407","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3529241759","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42471511","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4976140678","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"20230484327","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334978","funder_display_name":"Beijing Nova Program"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334978","display_name":"Beijing Nova Program","ror":"https://ror.org/034k14f91"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":71,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1968518141","https://openalex.org/W2000272923","https://openalex.org/W2018323521","https://openalex.org/W2021623804","https://openalex.org/W2022050692","https://openalex.org/W2061320736","https://openalex.org/W2093509809","https://openalex.org/W2110464988","https://openalex.org/W2127016675","https://openalex.org/W2135066958","https://openalex.org/W2140991122","https://openalex.org/W2166135556","https://openalex.org/W2327218957","https://openalex.org/W2340067349","https://openalex.org/W2510190886","https://openalex.org/W2540451936","https://openalex.org/W2594784952","https://openalex.org/W2604162783","https://openalex.org/W2604626072","https://openalex.org/W2609657400","https://openalex.org/W2615044158","https://openalex.org/W2756638654","https://openalex.org/W2775738399","https://openalex.org/W2791535908","https://openalex.org/W2803212219","https://openalex.org/W2883085178","https://openalex.org/W2885815350","https://openalex.org/W2886749412","https://openalex.org/W2909481090","https://openalex.org/W2919220917","https://openalex.org/W2945348433","https://openalex.org/W2955237079","https://openalex.org/W2968955748","https://openalex.org/W2972754538","https://openalex.org/W2987836006","https://openalex.org/W3000616158","https://openalex.org/W3016983946","https://openalex.org/W3025949386","https://openalex.org/W3048379237","https://openalex.org/W3048958685","https://openalex.org/W3110380650","https://openalex.org/W3114394032","https://openalex.org/W3143988679","https://openalex.org/W3169542816","https://openalex.org/W3171877108","https://openalex.org/W3190983335","https://openalex.org/W3196003997","https://openalex.org/W3197884018","https://openalex.org/W3215124533","https://openalex.org/W3217071176","https://openalex.org/W3217169156","https://openalex.org/W4200443778","https://openalex.org/W4212994949","https://openalex.org/W4213268269","https://openalex.org/W4225115487","https://openalex.org/W4295036151","https://openalex.org/W4312441836","https://openalex.org/W4316036495","https://openalex.org/W4317582026","https://openalex.org/W4318770958","https://openalex.org/W4319459281","https://openalex.org/W4323338636","https://openalex.org/W4362500827","https://openalex.org/W4366091791","https://openalex.org/W4376456298","https://openalex.org/W4381664132","https://openalex.org/W4382203278","https://openalex.org/W4389917286","https://openalex.org/W6603032361","https://openalex.org/W6854162653","https://openalex.org/W6888654854"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2322294131","https://openalex.org/W4377023816","https://openalex.org/W2381913349","https://openalex.org/W3125308484","https://openalex.org/W4392617234","https://openalex.org/W2368202014","https://openalex.org/W2044728225","https://openalex.org/W2001663785","https://openalex.org/W40611043","https://openalex.org/W2159202121"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Global":[0],"navigation":[1],"satellite":[2,110],"system-reflectometry":[3],"(GNSS-R)":[4],"is":[5],"capable":[6],"of":[7,18,67,88,142,161,168],"typhoon":[8,76,89,114,131,144,173,207],"wind":[9,79],"speed":[10],"(WS)":[11],"detection,":[12],"benefiting":[13],"from":[14,129],"its":[15],"unique":[16],"feature":[17],"L-band":[19],"forward-scattered":[20],"signal":[21,51],"with":[22,44],"frequent":[23],"temporal":[24],"revisits.":[25],"However,":[26],"the":[27,34,37,49,86,96,127,130,133,136,147,172,178,206,217],"fluctuation":[28],"and":[29,69,101,121,135,155],"deviation":[30],"in":[31,146,185],"observations":[32,43,184],"limit":[33],"performance.":[35],"Conversely,":[36],"C-band":[38],"scatterometer":[39,70,122],"can":[40,219],"provide":[41],"stable":[42],"a":[45,72,229],"larger":[46],"width,":[47],"while":[48],"backscattered":[50],"tends":[52],"to":[53,222],"be":[54,220],"saturated":[55],"when":[56],"WSs":[57],"exceed":[58],"25":[59],"m/s,":[60,193],"accompanying":[61],"rain":[62,137],"attenuation.":[63,138],"The":[64,139],"complementary":[65],"advantages":[66],"GNSS-R":[68],"offer":[71],"novel":[73],"strategy":[74],"for":[75,158,232],"maximum":[77],"sustained":[78],"(MSW)":[80],"estimation.":[81,225],"This":[82,226],"study":[83,227],"first":[84],"explores":[85],"potential":[87],"MSW":[90,115,224],"estimation":[91,116],"using":[92,118,205],"data":[93],"provided":[94,210],"by":[95,189,211],"GNSS":[97],"occultation":[98],"sounder-reflectometry":[99],"(GNOS-R)":[100],"Wind":[102],"Radar":[103],"(WindRAD)":[104],"codeployed":[105],"on":[106],"China\u2019s":[107],"polar-orbiting":[108],"meteorological":[109],"FengYun-3E":[111],"(FY-3E).":[112],"A":[113],"method":[117,218],"combined":[119],"GNSS-reflectometry":[120],"(CoGREAT)":[123],"was":[124],"proposed,":[125],"considering":[126],"distance":[128],"center,":[132],"WS,":[134],"experimental":[140],"results":[141],"five":[143],"cases":[145],"Western":[148],"Pacific":[149],"show":[150],"that":[151,216],"CoGREAT":[152,186],"outperforms":[153,197],"GNOS-R-only":[154],"WindRAD-only":[156],"methods":[157,199],"various":[159],"grades":[160],"typhoons,":[162],"achieving":[163],"an":[164],"overall":[165],"absolute":[166],"bias":[167],"2.77":[169],"m/s":[170],"taking":[171],"best-track":[174],"(BST)":[175],"dataset":[176],"as":[177],"reference.":[179],"Removing":[180],"GNOS-R":[181],"or":[182,191],"WindRAD":[183],"reduces":[187],"accuracy":[188],"0.86":[190],"3.39":[192],"respectively,":[194],"but":[195],"still":[196],"single-source":[198],"without":[200],"weight":[201],"factors.":[202],"In":[203],"addition,":[204],"center":[208],"information":[209],"FengYun-4B":[212],"(FY-4B)":[213],"further":[214],"proves":[215],"extended":[221],"near-real-time":[223],"provides":[228],"valuable":[230],"reference":[231],"similar":[233],"observation":[234],"modes.":[235]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-12-22T23:10:17.713674","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}