{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4405440363","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2024.3517615","title":"Improved Estimation of Backscattering Differential Phase in Rain and Its Utilization in Rainfall Estimation","display_name":"Improved Estimation of Backscattering Differential Phase in Rain and Its Utilization in Rainfall Estimation","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-12-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4405440363","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2024.3517615"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2024.3517615","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2024.3517615","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/2543092","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002904547","display_name":"Siyue Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6215-8761"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Siyue Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031445156","display_name":"Xichao Dong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8624-8872"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xichao Dong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024045689","display_name":"Cheng Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7582-5291"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cheng Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100453029","display_name":"Fang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9178-4258"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["CMA Key Open Laboratory of Transforming Climate Resources to Economy, Chongqing Meteorological Information Center, Chongqing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CMA Key Open Laboratory of Transforming Climate Resources to Economy, Chongqing Meteorological Information Center, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002715385","display_name":"Sihan Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1250-4121"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50632499","display_name":"Chongqing University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04vgbd477","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50632499"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sihan Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Institute of Technology Chongqing Innovation Center and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Novel Civilian Radar, Chongqing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Institute of Technology Chongqing Innovation Center and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Novel Civilian Radar, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50632499"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5002904547"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.37,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.62534141,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"63","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"22"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11234","display_name":"Precipitation Measurement and Analysis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11234","display_name":"Precipitation Measurement and Analysis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10466","display_name":"Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimation","display_name":"Estimation","score":0.7233750820159912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.5878462791442871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.47844603657722473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/differential","display_name":"Differential (mechanical device)","score":0.4541350305080414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase","display_name":"Phase (matter)","score":0.4384348392486572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/backscatter","display_name":"Backscatter (email)","score":0.42274248600006104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.27227580547332764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.25225505232810974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.0977485179901123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.07987350225448608}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96250715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q965330","display_name":"Estimation","level":2,"score":0.7233750820159912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5878462791442871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.47844603657722473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93226319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193137","display_name":"Differential (mechanical device)","level":2,"score":0.4541350305080414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44280652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104837","display_name":"Phase (matter)","level":2,"score":0.4384348392486572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30354325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204667","display_name":"Backscatter (email)","level":3,"score":0.42274248600006104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.27227580547332764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.25225505232810974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0977485179901123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.07987350225448608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2024.3517615","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2024.3517615","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:osti.gov:2543092","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/2543092","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402487","display_name":"OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I139351228","host_organization_name":"Office of Scientific and Technical Information","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139351228"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:osti.gov:2543092","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/2543092","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402487","display_name":"OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I139351228","host_organization_name":"Office of Scientific and Technical Information","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139351228"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Climate action","score":0.7799999713897705,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2823273051","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61960206009","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":77,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1968066151","https://openalex.org/W1973074985","https://openalex.org/W1974382751","https://openalex.org/W1975470478","https://openalex.org/W1976989782","https://openalex.org/W1977070284","https://openalex.org/W1980145769","https://openalex.org/W1983040006","https://openalex.org/W1985727238","https://openalex.org/W1988087376","https://openalex.org/W1989439772","https://openalex.org/W1999440036","https://openalex.org/W1999750232","https://openalex.org/W2026632718","https://openalex.org/W2031459034","https://openalex.org/W2033408377","https://openalex.org/W2036836389","https://openalex.org/W2039845302","https://openalex.org/W2040801070","https://openalex.org/W2044291317","https://openalex.org/W2044727817","https://openalex.org/W2045947288","https://openalex.org/W2048184102","https://openalex.org/W2049785448","https://openalex.org/W2064414791","https://openalex.org/W2065252985","https://openalex.org/W2075854281","https://openalex.org/W2079001135","https://openalex.org/W2080165048","https://openalex.org/W2093212899","https://openalex.org/W2099354164","https://openalex.org/W2100415658","https://openalex.org/W2102624632","https://openalex.org/W2102675572","https://openalex.org/W2103635467","https://openalex.org/W2103977151","https://openalex.org/W2105038642","https://openalex.org/W2108994921","https://openalex.org/W2113439544","https://openalex.org/W2114983379","https://openalex.org/W2115792892","https://openalex.org/W2120730821","https://openalex.org/W2122565126","https://openalex.org/W2142140026","https://openalex.org/W2143221515","https://openalex.org/W2159123243","https://openalex.org/W2168962169","https://openalex.org/W2171057446","https://openalex.org/W2172813732","https://openalex.org/W2174065869","https://openalex.org/W2174421029","https://openalex.org/W2174673989","https://openalex.org/W2174908132","https://openalex.org/W2174998367","https://openalex.org/W2175869565","https://openalex.org/W2175874676","https://openalex.org/W2179800037","https://openalex.org/W2466025076","https://openalex.org/W2516719013","https://openalex.org/W2521445366","https://openalex.org/W2765360936","https://openalex.org/W2783396905","https://openalex.org/W2896333791","https://openalex.org/W2902884142","https://openalex.org/W2986397231","https://openalex.org/W3039724540","https://openalex.org/W3134900848","https://openalex.org/W4206074728","https://openalex.org/W4220764736","https://openalex.org/W4225471068","https://openalex.org/W4246829144","https://openalex.org/W4381337009","https://openalex.org/W4390871483","https://openalex.org/W4392796743","https://openalex.org/W4403977237","https://openalex.org/W4413166834","https://openalex.org/W6883033755"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1984559991","https://openalex.org/W1799242668","https://openalex.org/W2502358642","https://openalex.org/W3165883639","https://openalex.org/W1847813119","https://openalex.org/W2068956457","https://openalex.org/W2105579152","https://openalex.org/W2744709723","https://openalex.org/W2005239049","https://openalex.org/W3082284893"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,275],"recent":[1],"years,":[2],"the":[3,8,13,34,57,61,69,81,93,99,103,111,175,182,186,247,268,306,319],"rainfall":[4,75,149,280,309],"estimator":[5,70],"that":[6],"combines":[7],"specific":[9,14],"attenuation":[10],"A":[11,43,226],"and":[12,31,39,44,92,110,139,170,220,227,238,244,293,314,318],"differential":[15,82,153],"phase":[16,154],"<inline-formula":[17,45,84,121,155,189,202,228,256,285,294,327],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[18,46,85,122,156,190,203,229,257,286,295,328],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[19,47,86,123,157,191,204,230,258,287,296,329],"<tex-math":[20,48,87,124,158,192,205,231,259,288,297,330],"notation=\"LaTeX\">${K}":[21,49,232,289],"_{\\text":[22,50,89,126,160,194,207,233,261,290,299,332],"{DP}}$":[23,51,234,291],"</tex-math></inline-formula>":[24,52,91,128,162,209,235,263,301,334],"for":[25,148,188,200,224,254,279],"X-band":[26],"radar":[27,133],"has":[28,181],"been":[29],"concerned":[30],"developed.":[32],"However,":[33,116],"constraints":[35],"of":[36,42,64,74,105,114,249,308,321],"empirical":[37,240],"coefficients":[38],"insufficient":[40],"resolution":[41],"estimates,":[53],"as":[54,56,117],"well":[55],"uncertainties":[58,100],"caused":[59,271,310],"by":[60,132,174,272,311,326],"unknown":[62,112],"shapes":[63,113],"raindrops,":[65],"pose":[66],"challenges":[67],"to":[68,97,184,304],"in":[71,210],"maintaining":[72],"accuracy":[73],"estimates.":[76],"The":[77,151],"high":[78],"correlation":[79],"between":[80],"reflectivity":[83],"notation=\"LaTeX\">${Z}":[88,125,193],"{DR}}$":[90,127,195],"raindrop":[94,168,315,324],"shape":[95,169,316],"helps":[96],"mitigate":[98],"associated":[101],"with":[102],"variations":[104,313],"drop":[106],"size":[107],"distribution":[108],"(DSD)":[109],"raindrops.":[115],"a":[118,252],"power":[119],"measurement,":[120],"is":[129,163,171,212,302,335],"inevitably":[130],"affected":[131,173],"miscalibration,":[134],"partial":[135],"beam":[136],"blockage":[137],"(PBB),":[138],"bias":[140,270],"from":[141],"wet":[142],"radome,":[143],"which":[144,265],"hinders":[145],"its":[146],"application":[147],"estimation.":[150],"backscattering":[152],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$\\delta":[159,206,260,298,331],"{hv}}$":[161,208,262,300,333],"also":[164,336],"strongly":[165],"dependent":[166],"on":[167,246,283],"not":[172],"above":[176],"negative":[177],"factors,":[178],"so":[179],"it":[180],"potential":[183,320],"be":[185],"substitute":[187],"</tex-math></inline-formula>.":[196],"Unfortunately,":[197],"reliable":[198],"method":[199,223,253],"estimating":[201,225,255],"rain":[211],"currently":[213],"lacking.":[214],"This":[215],"article":[216],"reviews":[217],"an":[218,277],"adaptive":[219,237],"high-resolution":[221,239],"(HR)":[222],"called":[236],"coefficient":[241],"conditioning":[242],"(AHRCC),":[243],"based":[245,282],"outputs":[248],"AHRCC,":[250],"proposes":[251],"accurately,":[264],"mainly":[266],"reduces":[267],"cumulative":[269],"path":[273],"integral.":[274],"addition,":[276],"algorithm":[278],"estimation":[281],"A,":[284],"</tex-math></inline-formula>,":[292],"proposed":[303],"reduce":[305],"overestimation":[307],"DSD":[312],"uncertainties,":[317],"retrieving":[322],"characteristic":[323],"sizes":[325],"explored.":[337]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}