{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4404848923","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2024.3508800","title":"An Anisotropic Kriging for Ionospheric Delay Interpolation With a Wide Area Reference Network","display_name":"An Anisotropic Kriging for Ionospheric Delay Interpolation With a Wide Area Reference Network","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4404848923","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2024.3508800"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2024.3508800","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2024.3508800","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115444891","display_name":"Hui Ren","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9616-3781"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/0030zas98","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hui Ren","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Aeronautical and Aviation Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9616-3781","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Aeronautical and Aviation Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070604144","display_name":"Yiping Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8175-9198"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/0030zas98","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yiping Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Aeronautical and Aviation Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8175-9198","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Aeronautical and Aviation Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100392651","display_name":"Tong Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/0030zas98","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tong Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Land Surveying and Geo-Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5300-8060","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Land Surveying and Geo-Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5115444891"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.9204,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85874439,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"62","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"13"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10159","display_name":"Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10159","display_name":"Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11405","display_name":"Geophysics and Gravity Measurements","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kriging","display_name":"Kriging","score":0.7683292627334595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpolation","display_name":"Interpolation (computer graphics)","score":0.7312134504318237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ionosphere","display_name":"Ionosphere","score":0.5790689587593079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.45074939727783203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.4332635998725891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.381084144115448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geodesy","display_name":"Geodesy","score":0.3308783769607544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geophysics","display_name":"Geophysics","score":0.1938658058643341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.1819993257522583}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81692654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q225926","display_name":"Kriging","level":2,"score":0.7683292627334595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137800194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11713455","display_name":"Interpolation (computer graphics)","level":3,"score":0.7312134504318237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116403925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162219","display_name":"Ionosphere","level":2,"score":0.5790689587593079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.45074939727783203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.4332635998725891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.381084144115448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.3308783769607544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8058405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46255","display_name":"Geophysics","level":1,"score":0.1938658058643341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1819993257522583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126042441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1324888","display_name":"Frame (networking)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2024.3508800","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2024.3508800","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1557119227","https://openalex.org/W1612940272","https://openalex.org/W1615993165","https://openalex.org/W1932123062","https://openalex.org/W1963626464","https://openalex.org/W2031110044","https://openalex.org/W2037742515","https://openalex.org/W2047372436","https://openalex.org/W2047914047","https://openalex.org/W2094797839","https://openalex.org/W2611038794","https://openalex.org/W2765336605","https://openalex.org/W2769198316","https://openalex.org/W2794922110","https://openalex.org/W2805185710","https://openalex.org/W2809422508","https://openalex.org/W2832358362","https://openalex.org/W2882981472","https://openalex.org/W2887494347","https://openalex.org/W2890471731","https://openalex.org/W2905068724","https://openalex.org/W2906721682","https://openalex.org/W2936020702","https://openalex.org/W2960279513","https://openalex.org/W2962971407","https://openalex.org/W2986724346","https://openalex.org/W3016078105","https://openalex.org/W3033437452","https://openalex.org/W3042287327","https://openalex.org/W3043520917","https://openalex.org/W3079334624","https://openalex.org/W3085336950","https://openalex.org/W3117176348","https://openalex.org/W3118298795","https://openalex.org/W3211738991","https://openalex.org/W4210747650","https://openalex.org/W4285055007","https://openalex.org/W4286377491","https://openalex.org/W4288760196","https://openalex.org/W4292266606","https://openalex.org/W4313645077","https://openalex.org/W4319661423","https://openalex.org/W4362673609","https://openalex.org/W4383105598","https://openalex.org/W6735286560","https://openalex.org/W6735892376"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1968523686","https://openalex.org/W298893735","https://openalex.org/W2199291344","https://openalex.org/W4210770325","https://openalex.org/W2211316729","https://openalex.org/W4285326088","https://openalex.org/W1993996173","https://openalex.org/W2055080101","https://openalex.org/W3200148366","https://openalex.org/W4286247444"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Ionospheric":[0],"delay":[1,24,173,255],"is":[2,17,83,116,122,143],"a":[3,34,78,185,263],"critical":[4],"error":[5],"source":[6],"for":[7,101,156],"global":[8],"navigation":[9],"satellite":[10],"system":[11],"(GNSS)":[12],"users.":[13],"The":[14,239],"kriging":[15,81,102,141,148,227],"method":[16],"widely":[18],"adopted":[19],"to":[20,105,259],"estimate":[21],"the":[22,40,43,58,64,72,87,91,97,107,110,119,134,138,172,178,192,197,200,218,243,246,250],"ionospheric":[23,92,254],"at":[25,159],"users\u2019":[26],"locations":[27],"based":[28,85,183],"on":[29,86,184],"sampling":[30],"observations":[31],"collected":[32],"from":[33,63,257],"wide":[35,186,264],"area":[36,265],"reference":[37,187,266],"network":[38,188],"with":[39,150,177],"assumption":[41,60],"of":[42,90,194,199,235,252],"isotropic":[44,139,258],"ionosphere,":[45],"e.g.,":[46],"satellite-based":[47],"augmentation":[48],"systems":[49],"(SBASs)":[50],"in":[51,68,124,133,189,211,242],"North":[52,190],"America,":[53,191],"Japan,":[54],"and":[55,112,126,129,162,209,214,225,231,245],"India.":[56],"However,":[57],"isotropy":[59],"may":[61],"deviate":[62],"ionosphere":[65,244],"spatial":[66,98],"characteristics":[67,100],"certain":[69],"regions,":[70,233],"compromising":[71],"SBAS":[73],"performance.":[74],"In":[75],"this":[76],"study,":[77],"modified":[79],"ordinary":[80,140,147],"approach":[82],"presented":[84],"anisotropy":[88,120,240],"characteristic":[89,241],"delay.":[93],"First,":[94],"variograms":[95],"describing":[96],"random":[99],"are":[103],"analyzed":[104],"investigate":[106],"differences":[108],"along":[109],"longitude":[111],"latitude":[113],"directions.":[114],"It":[115],"observed":[117],"that":[118,168],"behavior":[121],"obvious":[123],"low-":[125,230],"mid-latitude":[127,232],"regions":[128,158],"becomes":[130],"very":[131],"weak":[132],"high-latitude":[135,215],"region.":[136],"Furthermore,":[137],"(IOK)":[142],"expanded":[144],"into":[145],"anisotropic":[146,152,260],"(AOK)":[149],"regional":[151],"variogram":[153],"models":[154,261],"constructed":[155],"three":[157],"low,":[160],"middle,":[161],"high":[163],"latitudes.":[164],"Experimental":[165],"results":[166],"show":[167],"AOK":[169,195,219,247],"significantly":[170],"improves":[171],"estimation":[174],"accuracy":[175],"compared":[176],"previous":[179],"IOK":[180,224],"method.":[181],"Specifically,":[182],"implementation":[193],"reduces":[196],"magnitude":[198],"root":[201],"mean":[202],"square":[203],"fit":[204],"residual":[205],"by":[206],"24.48%,":[207],"14.92%,":[208],"6.90%":[210],"low-,":[212],"mid-,":[213],"regions.":[216],"Moreover,":[217],"algorithm":[220],"consistently":[221],"outperforms":[222],"both":[223],"universal":[226],"(UnK)":[228],"across":[229],"regardless":[234],"solar":[236],"activity":[237],"levels.":[238],"technology":[248],"facilitates":[249],"development":[251],"high-precision":[253],"modeling":[256],"using":[262],"network.":[267]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2025-12-21T01:58:51.020947","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
