{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4404789009","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2024.3508662","title":"Physically Based Simulations of Foam-Covered Ocean Emission at Microwave Frequencies","display_name":"Physically Based Simulations of Foam-Covered Ocean Emission at Microwave Frequencies","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-11-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4404789009","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2024.3508662"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2024.3508662","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2024.3508662","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077426453","display_name":"Yuchen Xie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9552-9705"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200845125","display_name":"Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02y0rxk19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yuchen Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Remote Sensing and Geomatics Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China","School of Remote Sensing & Geomatics Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Remote Sensing and Geomatics Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Remote Sensing & Geomatics Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048705310","display_name":"Fuzhong Weng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0150-2179"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141301092","display_name":"China Meteorological Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/00bx3rb98","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141301092"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200845125","display_name":"Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02y0rxk19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fuzhong Weng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Remote Sensing and Geomatics Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China","Earth System Modeling and Prediction Centre, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Remote Sensing and Geomatics Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Earth System Modeling and Prediction Centre, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141301092"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006307421","display_name":"Xiuzhen Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4882-0928"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141301092","display_name":"China Meteorological Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/00bx3rb98","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141301092"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiuzhen Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Satellite Meteorological Center, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Satellite Meteorological Center, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141301092"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080771434","display_name":"Yang Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2049-7678"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141301092","display_name":"China Meteorological Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/00bx3rb98","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141301092"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["Earth System Modeling and Prediction Centre, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Earth System Modeling and Prediction Centre, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141301092"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5077426453"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2663,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.5928489,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"63","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"9"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10995","display_name":"Methane Hydrates and Related Phenomena","score":0.8810999989509583,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2304","display_name":"Environmental Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10995","display_name":"Methane Hydrates and Related Phenomena","score":0.8810999989509583,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2304","display_name":"Environmental Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10647","display_name":"Coastal and Marine Dynamics","score":0.8761000037193298,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1904","display_name":"Earth-Surface Processes"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11192","display_name":"Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems","score":0.8720999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microwave","display_name":"Microwave","score":0.6397327184677124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.47846341133117676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.4297778010368347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.3898404836654663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.282133013010025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.1301182210445404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.09425699710845947}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44838205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127995","display_name":"Microwave","level":2,"score":0.6397327184677124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.47846341133117676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.4297778010368347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.3898404836654663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.282133013010025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.1301182210445404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.09425699710845947}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2024.3508662","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2024.3508662","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","score":0.8100000023841858,"display_name":"Life below water"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2206701747","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U2242211","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7443789883","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021YFB3900400","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8858432292","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U2142212","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W248474891","https://openalex.org/W1855875167","https://openalex.org/W1967735640","https://openalex.org/W1975792511","https://openalex.org/W1981509212","https://openalex.org/W1992132625","https://openalex.org/W2005361018","https://openalex.org/W2023453458","https://openalex.org/W2043964043","https://openalex.org/W2044449012","https://openalex.org/W2048942379","https://openalex.org/W2060956249","https://openalex.org/W2073584990","https://openalex.org/W2099374696","https://openalex.org/W2101275947","https://openalex.org/W2103196703","https://openalex.org/W2122113299","https://openalex.org/W2125978011","https://openalex.org/W2132677863","https://openalex.org/W2145363654","https://openalex.org/W2148893343","https://openalex.org/W2151606929","https://openalex.org/W2158630109","https://openalex.org/W2168935389","https://openalex.org/W2169395109","https://openalex.org/W2176735746","https://openalex.org/W2264338944","https://openalex.org/W2791344341","https://openalex.org/W2982683224","https://openalex.org/W2996209647","https://openalex.org/W3024129662","https://openalex.org/W3197549910","https://openalex.org/W4323048506","https://openalex.org/W4367554745","https://openalex.org/W4388620845"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2016187641","https://openalex.org/W4404725684","https://openalex.org/W2805339068","https://openalex.org/W4246450666","https://openalex.org/W4388998267","https://openalex.org/W2898370298","https://openalex.org/W2137437058","https://openalex.org/W4404784341","https://openalex.org/W4390401159"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"An":[0],"accurate":[1],"sea":[2,36,149],"foam":[3,37,52,70,150,167],"emissivity":[4,38,73,161],"model":[5,33,93,127],"at":[6],"microwave":[7,14],"frequencies":[8],"is":[9,53,79,94,121,130,144,162],"indispensable":[10],"for":[11,34,74,112,124,164,195],"applications":[12],"of":[13,23,199],"data":[15,18,99],"in":[16,173],"satellite":[17],"assimilation":[19],"and":[20,25,69,76,100,115,152,185],"remote":[21,113],"sensing":[22,114],"atmospheric":[24],"surface":[26],"parameters.":[27,128],"This":[28],"study":[29,175],"develops":[30],"an":[31,61],"analytic":[32],"estimating":[35],"by":[39,81],"integrating":[40],"the":[41,83,87,97,125,142,145,153,157,170,182,186,191,196,203],"two-stream":[42,88],"radiative":[43,89],"transfer":[44,90],"approximation":[45],"with":[46,60,86,105],"a":[47,56,102,134,165],"macroscopic":[48],"parameterization":[49],"approach.":[50],"Sea":[51],"modeled":[54],"as":[55,156],"vertically":[57],"inhomogeneous":[58],"medium,":[59],"exponential":[62],"vertical":[63,75],"profile":[64],"based":[65],"on":[66],"void":[67],"fraction":[68],"thickness.":[71,168],"The":[72,92,160],"horizontal":[77],"polarization":[78],"derived":[80],"combining":[82],"interface":[84],"reflections":[85],"solutions.":[91],"validated":[95],"against":[96],"experimental":[98],"shows":[101],"high":[103],"consistency":[104],"incoherent":[106,205],"methods,":[107],"thus":[108],"demonstrating":[109],"its":[110],"robustness":[111],"oceanographic":[116],"applications.":[117],"A":[118],"sensitivity":[119,154],"analysis":[120],"also":[122],"performed":[123],"key":[126],"It":[129],"found":[131],"that":[132],"within":[133],"frequency":[135,158],"ranging":[136],"from":[137],"1":[138],"to":[139,148,193],"37":[140],"GHz,":[141],"L-band":[143],"most":[146],"sensitive":[147],"thickness":[151],"decreases":[155],"increases.":[159],"saturated":[163],"specific":[166],"Furthermore,":[169],"algorithm":[171],"developed":[172],"this":[174],"includes":[176],"two":[177],"additional":[178],"adjustable":[179],"parameters,":[180],"namely,":[181],"single-scattering":[183],"reflectance":[184],"asymmetry":[187],"factor,":[188],"which":[189],"enable":[190],"simulation":[192],"account":[194],"scattering":[197],"effects":[198],"foam,":[200],"thereby":[201],"outperforming":[202],"traditional":[204],"method.":[206]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-12-27T23:08:20.325037","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}