{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4404788367","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2024.3506739","title":"Divergence-Free: A Crucial Strategy to Speed Up the Convergence of a Multigrid Solver for 3-D Natural Source Electromagnetic Modeling","display_name":"Divergence-Free: A Crucial Strategy to Speed Up the Convergence of a Multigrid Solver for 3-D Natural Source Electromagnetic Modeling","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4404788367","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2024.3506739"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2024.3506739","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2024.3506739","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089078222","display_name":"Rongwen Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0363-4653"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116850","display_name":"Hunan Nonferrous Metal Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/025c9az97","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210116850"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rongwen Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geo-Sciences and Info-Physics, Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Resources and Geological Hazards Exploration, Key Laboratory of Metallogenic Prediction of Nonferrous Metals and Geological Environment Monitoring Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, China","Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Resources and Geological Hazards Exploration, Key Laboratory of Metallogenic Prediction of Nonferrous Metals and Geological Environment Monitoring Ministry of Education, school of Geo-sciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0363-4653","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geo-Sciences and Info-Physics, Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Resources and Geological Hazards Exploration, Key Laboratory of Metallogenic Prediction of Nonferrous Metals and Geological Environment Monitoring Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479","https://openalex.org/I4210116850"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Resources and Geological Hazards Exploration, Key Laboratory of Metallogenic Prediction of Nonferrous Metals and Geological Environment Monitoring Ministry of Education, school of Geo-sciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103284449","display_name":"Min Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8418-6281"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116850","display_name":"Hunan Nonferrous Metal Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/025c9az97","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210116850"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Min Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geo-Sciences and Info-Physics, Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Resources and Geological Hazards Exploration, Key Laboratory of Metallogenic Prediction of Nonferrous Metals and Geological Environment Monitoring Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, China","Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Resources and Geological Hazards Exploration, Key Laboratory of Metallogenic Prediction of Nonferrous Metals and Geological Environment Monitoring Ministry of Education, school of Geo-sciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geo-Sciences and Info-Physics, Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Resources and Geological Hazards Exploration, Key Laboratory of Metallogenic Prediction of Nonferrous Metals and Geological Environment Monitoring Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479","https://openalex.org/I4210116850"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Resources and Geological Hazards Exploration, Key Laboratory of Metallogenic Prediction of Nonferrous Metals and Geological Environment Monitoring Ministry of Education, school of Geo-sciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100769466","display_name":"Yongfei Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8968-2834"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongfei Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","school of Geo-sciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8968-2834","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"school of Geo-sciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015394916","display_name":"Jianxin Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9395-4150"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116850","display_name":"Hunan Nonferrous Metal Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/025c9az97","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210116850"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianxin Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geo-Sciences and Info-Physics, Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Resources and Geological Hazards Exploration, Key Laboratory of Metallogenic Prediction of Nonferrous Metals and Geological Environment Monitoring Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, China","Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Resources and Geological Hazards Exploration, Key Laboratory of Metallogenic Prediction of Nonferrous Metals and Geological Environment Monitoring Ministry of Education, school of Geo-sciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9395-4150","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geo-Sciences and Info-Physics, Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Resources and Geological Hazards Exploration, Key Laboratory of Metallogenic Prediction of Nonferrous Metals and Geological Environment Monitoring Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479","https://openalex.org/I4210116850"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Resources and Geological Hazards Exploration, Key Laboratory of Metallogenic Prediction of Nonferrous Metals and Geological Environment Monitoring Ministry of Education, school of Geo-sciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114849156","display_name":"Akande Akintunde Abiodun","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116850","display_name":"Hunan Nonferrous Metal Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/025c9az97","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210116850"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Akande Akintunde Abiodun","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geo-Sciences and Info-Physics, Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Resources and Geological Hazards Exploration, Key Laboratory of Metallogenic Prediction of Nonferrous Metals and Geological Environment Monitoring Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, China","Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Resources and Geological Hazards Exploration, Key Laboratory of Metallogenic Prediction of Nonferrous Metals and Geological Environment Monitoring Ministry of Education, school of Geo-sciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geo-Sciences and Info-Physics, Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Resources and Geological Hazards Exploration, Key Laboratory of Metallogenic Prediction of Nonferrous Metals and Geological Environment Monitoring Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479","https://openalex.org/I4210116850"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Resources and Geological Hazards Exploration, Key Laboratory of Metallogenic Prediction of Nonferrous Metals and Geological Environment Monitoring Ministry of Education, school of Geo-sciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Dengkang Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116850","display_name":"Hunan Nonferrous Metal Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/025c9az97","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210116850"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dengkang Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geo-Sciences and Info-Physics, Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Resources and Geological Hazards Exploration, Key Laboratory of Metallogenic Prediction of Nonferrous Metals and Geological Environment Monitoring Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, China","Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Resources and Geological Hazards Exploration, Key Laboratory of Metallogenic Prediction of Nonferrous Metals and Geological Environment Monitoring Ministry of Education, school of Geo-sciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geo-Sciences and Info-Physics, Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Resources and Geological Hazards Exploration, Key Laboratory of Metallogenic Prediction of Nonferrous Metals and Geological Environment Monitoring Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479","https://openalex.org/I4210116850"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Resources and Geological Hazards Exploration, Key Laboratory of Metallogenic Prediction of Nonferrous Metals and Geological Environment Monitoring Ministry of Education, school of Geo-sciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Xinhao Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116850","display_name":"Hunan Nonferrous Metal Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/025c9az97","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210116850"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinhao Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geo-Sciences and Info-Physics, Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Resources and Geological Hazards Exploration, Key Laboratory of Metallogenic Prediction of Nonferrous Metals and Geological Environment Monitoring Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, China","Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Resources and Geological Hazards Exploration, Key Laboratory of Metallogenic Prediction of Nonferrous Metals and Geological Environment Monitoring Ministry of Education, school of Geo-sciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geo-Sciences and Info-Physics, Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Resources and Geological Hazards Exploration, Key Laboratory of Metallogenic Prediction of Nonferrous Metals and Geological Environment Monitoring Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479","https://openalex.org/I4210116850"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Resources and Geological Hazards Exploration, Key Laboratory of Metallogenic Prediction of Nonferrous Metals and Geological Environment Monitoring Ministry of Education, school of Geo-sciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3459,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78068285,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"62","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10572","display_name":"Geophysical and Geoelectrical Methods","score":0.9729999899864197,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1908","display_name":"Geophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10572","display_name":"Geophysical and Geoelectrical Methods","score":0.9729999899864197,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1908","display_name":"Geophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13126","display_name":"Scientific Research and Discoveries","score":0.9575999975204468,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11325","display_name":"Inertial Sensor and Navigation","score":0.9560999870300293,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convergence","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","score":0.6837618947029114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solver","display_name":"Solver","score":0.664922833442688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multigrid-method","display_name":"Multigrid method","score":0.6390733122825623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/divergence","display_name":"Divergence (linguistics)","score":0.6236045360565186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-electromagnetics","display_name":"Computational electromagnetics","score":0.5733156800270081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5614874362945557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electromagnetic-field","display_name":"Electromagnetic field","score":0.24731168150901794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/partial-differential-equation","display_name":"Partial differential equation","score":0.17974531650543213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.14470812678337097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.115334153175354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-analysis","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","score":0.07993665337562561}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777303404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759757","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","level":2,"score":0.6837618947029114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778770139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1966904","display_name":"Solver","level":2,"score":0.664922833442688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137119250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1413101","display_name":"Multigrid method","level":3,"score":0.6390733122825623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207390915","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1230525","display_name":"Divergence (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.6236045360565186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206844423","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5157313","display_name":"Computational electromagnetics","level":3,"score":0.5733156800270081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5614874362945557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28843909","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177625","display_name":"Electromagnetic field","level":2,"score":0.24731168150901794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93779851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q271977","display_name":"Partial differential equation","level":2,"score":0.17974531650543213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.14470812678337097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.115334153175354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.07993665337562561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2024.3506739","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2024.3506739","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2788278504","display_name":"\u5e7f\u57df\u7535\u78c1\u6cd5\u9875\u5ca9\u5c42\u6c34\u529b\u538b\u88c2\u4e09\u7ef4\u5b9e\u65f6\u76d1\u6d4b\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"42074165","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5973484531","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42474112","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8529546102","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42130810","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G857867179","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42174171","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":55,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1520511539","https://openalex.org/W1767787780","https://openalex.org/W1969854170","https://openalex.org/W1972336790","https://openalex.org/W1973166496","https://openalex.org/W1977316054","https://openalex.org/W1980769222","https://openalex.org/W1999310631","https://openalex.org/W2003105834","https://openalex.org/W2047923891","https://openalex.org/W2054975316","https://openalex.org/W2063115808","https://openalex.org/W2078263757","https://openalex.org/W2086274344","https://openalex.org/W2098205430","https://openalex.org/W2106076913","https://openalex.org/W2112571093","https://openalex.org/W2113979318","https://openalex.org/W2145002036","https://openalex.org/W2288813766","https://openalex.org/W2517153646","https://openalex.org/W2554672318","https://openalex.org/W2605997300","https://openalex.org/W2756394167","https://openalex.org/W2765639592","https://openalex.org/W2772586533","https://openalex.org/W2799883408","https://openalex.org/W2899129589","https://openalex.org/W2901293652","https://openalex.org/W2962948286","https://openalex.org/W2975636095","https://openalex.org/W2987488821","https://openalex.org/W3036757924","https://openalex.org/W3088977211","https://openalex.org/W3114129195","https://openalex.org/W3130171900","https://openalex.org/W4206098834","https://openalex.org/W4210782663","https://openalex.org/W4220801700","https://openalex.org/W4226029628","https://openalex.org/W4226173160","https://openalex.org/W4226403862","https://openalex.org/W4226475779","https://openalex.org/W4283393220","https://openalex.org/W4286498364","https://openalex.org/W4316673305","https://openalex.org/W4377989217","https://openalex.org/W4378639308","https://openalex.org/W4386174516","https://openalex.org/W4387334055","https://openalex.org/W4388843813","https://openalex.org/W4391454390","https://openalex.org/W4391577528","https://openalex.org/W4391892569","https://openalex.org/W4393386703"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1517908938","https://openalex.org/W2573021234","https://openalex.org/W2106610492","https://openalex.org/W1966025497","https://openalex.org/W2186864281","https://openalex.org/W2165272709","https://openalex.org/W2067693985","https://openalex.org/W1981749300","https://openalex.org/W2375053028","https://openalex.org/W2373502461"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"multigrid":[1],"(MG)":[2],"method":[3],"has":[4],"been":[5],"widely":[6],"used":[7,169],"for":[8,52,68,81],"large-scale":[9],"electromagnetic":[10],"(EM)":[11],"forward":[12,31],"modeling,":[13,32],"primarily":[14],"due":[15,55],"to":[16,56,74,170,182],"its":[17,172],"linear":[18],"dependence":[19],"between":[20],"computational":[21],"time":[22],"and":[23,38,62,78,148,162,180,186],"grid":[24,184],"size.":[25],"However,":[26],"in":[27,46,91,175],"natural":[28],"source":[29],"EM":[30,127],"the":[33,39,57,65,88,100,107,110,119,131,146],"inclusion":[34],"of":[35,41,60,64,86,109,112,177],"air":[36],"layers":[37],"use":[40],"low":[42],"frequencies":[43],"can":[44],"result":[45],"slow":[47],"convergence":[48],"or":[49],"even":[50],"divergence":[51,111],"MG":[53,135],"solvers,":[54],"sharp":[58],"change":[59],"conductivity":[61],"violation":[63],"divergence-free":[66,89,120],"condition":[67,90,121],"current.":[69],"One":[70,154],"typical":[71],"solution":[72],"is":[73,137],"develop":[75],"an":[76,134],"efficient":[77],"specialized":[79,150],"smoother,":[80,147],"instance,":[82],"with":[83,140,160],"one":[84,157,163],"property":[85],"satisfying":[87],"certain":[92],"local":[93],"areas.":[94],"In":[95],"this":[96,116],"article,":[97],"we":[98],"modify":[99],"curl-curl":[101],"differential":[102],"equation":[103],"by":[104],"explicitly":[105],"including":[106],"gradient":[108],"current":[113],"(CCGD).":[114],"Hence,":[115],"ensures":[117],"approximately":[118],"at":[122],"every":[123],"iteration":[124],"while":[125],"solving":[126],"fields.":[128],"Based":[129],"on":[130],"modified":[132],"equation,":[133],"solver":[136],"then":[138],"developed":[139],"traditional":[141],"Krylov":[142],"subspace":[143],"solvers":[144],"as":[145],"no":[149],"smoothers":[151],"are":[152,168],"required.":[153],"benchmark":[155],"model,":[156],"reservoir":[158],"model":[159,165],"topography,":[161],"realistic":[164],"from":[166],"inversion":[167],"examine":[171],"numerical":[173],"performance,":[174],"terms":[176],"accuracy,":[178],"efficiency,":[179],"ability":[181],"handle":[183],"stretching":[185],"size":[187],"increase.":[188]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}