{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4404688663","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2024.3503418","title":"The Planetary Boundary Layer Height Climatology Over Oceans Using COSMIC-2 and Spire GNSS RO Bending Angles From 2019 to 2023: Comparisons to CALIOP, ERA-5, MERRA2, and CFS Reanalysis","display_name":"The Planetary Boundary Layer Height Climatology Over Oceans Using COSMIC-2 and Spire GNSS RO Bending Angles From 2019 to 2023: Comparisons to CALIOP, ERA-5, MERRA2, and CFS Reanalysis","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4404688663","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2024.3503418"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2024.3503418","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2024.3503418","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2024.3503418","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075799840","display_name":"Shu\u2010peng Ho","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3010-8544"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089050","display_name":"NOAA National Environmental Satellite Data and Information Service","ror":"https://ror.org/007qwym43","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1308126019","https://openalex.org/I1343035065","https://openalex.org/I4210089050"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shu-Peng Ho","raw_affiliation_strings":["NOAA/NESDIS/STAR, College Park, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3010-8544","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NOAA/NESDIS/STAR, College Park, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089050"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041338380","display_name":"Guojun Gu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6219-8006"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144776","display_name":"Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center","ror":"https://ror.org/042607708","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210144776","https://openalex.org/I66946132"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","display_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","ror":"https://ror.org/047s2c258","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guojun Gu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cooperative Institute for Satellite Earth System Studies (CISESS), Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6219-8006","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cooperative Institute for Satellite Earth System Studies (CISESS), Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144776","https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109118495","display_name":"Xinjia Zhou","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144776","display_name":"Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center","ror":"https://ror.org/042607708","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210144776","https://openalex.org/I66946132"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","display_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","ror":"https://ror.org/047s2c258","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinjia Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cooperative Institute for Satellite Earth System Studies (CISESS), Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cooperative Institute for Satellite Earth System Studies (CISESS), Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144776","https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6631,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.68635089,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"62","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"14"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10466","display_name":"Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10466","display_name":"Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10029","display_name":"Climate variability and models","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11405","display_name":"Geophysics and Gravity Measurements","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gnss-applications","display_name":"GNSS applications","score":0.7990735769271851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cosmic-cancer-database","display_name":"COSMIC cancer database","score":0.5233104228973389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.5073050856590271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.4772465229034424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/planetary-boundary-layer","display_name":"Planetary boundary layer","score":0.43966442346572876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/boundary-layer","display_name":"Boundary layer","score":0.3921958804130554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climatology","display_name":"Climatology","score":0.3787819743156433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.36588960886001587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.30420011281967163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.2322876751422882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/astronomy","display_name":"Astronomy","score":0.14222654700279236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.13803261518478394}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14279187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5514012","display_name":"GNSS applications","level":3,"score":0.7990735769271851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59375849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5013513","display_name":"COSMIC cancer database","level":2,"score":0.5233104228973389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5073050856590271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.4772465229034424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86338904","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1757268","display_name":"Planetary boundary layer","level":3,"score":0.43966442346572876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111603439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752193","display_name":"Boundary layer","level":2,"score":0.3921958804130554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.3787819743156433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.36588960886001587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.30420011281967163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.2322876751422882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.14222654700279236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.13803261518478394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2024.3503418","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2024.3503418","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:noaa.stacks:noaa:67843","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://repository.library.noaa.gov/view/noaa/67843","pdf_url":"http://repository.library.noaa.gov/view/noaa/67843/noaa_67843_DS1.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (2024)","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2024.3503418","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2024.3503418","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","display_name":"Life below water","score":0.5299999713897705}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5330321839","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NA19NES4320002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332181","funder_display_name":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8091993380","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NA24NESX432C0001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332181","funder_display_name":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332181","display_name":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/02z5nhe81"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1971054249","https://openalex.org/W1986515151","https://openalex.org/W2005192947","https://openalex.org/W2042559975","https://openalex.org/W2049200211","https://openalex.org/W2049800312","https://openalex.org/W2060172488","https://openalex.org/W2095707926","https://openalex.org/W2101491066","https://openalex.org/W2108985441","https://openalex.org/W2113871279","https://openalex.org/W2116508596","https://openalex.org/W2123618171","https://openalex.org/W2128353752","https://openalex.org/W2129801807","https://openalex.org/W2132479033","https://openalex.org/W2134077982","https://openalex.org/W2148083677","https://openalex.org/W2169793587","https://openalex.org/W2177046654","https://openalex.org/W2295733616","https://openalex.org/W2611772571","https://openalex.org/W2804405617","https://openalex.org/W2891584806","https://openalex.org/W2935666247","https://openalex.org/W3004506590","https://openalex.org/W3025949386","https://openalex.org/W3042573543","https://openalex.org/W3112443059","https://openalex.org/W3129465633","https://openalex.org/W3194983142","https://openalex.org/W3214407370","https://openalex.org/W4211083409","https://openalex.org/W4223973967","https://openalex.org/W4280652419","https://openalex.org/W4282583733","https://openalex.org/W4292596078","https://openalex.org/W4294527331","https://openalex.org/W4318049486","https://openalex.org/W4379651122","https://openalex.org/W4387365329","https://openalex.org/W4387967489","https://openalex.org/W4388333650","https://openalex.org/W4389692396","https://openalex.org/W4394877294"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4386936491","https://openalex.org/W3007931018","https://openalex.org/W3110195467","https://openalex.org/W3033823235","https://openalex.org/W2881093137","https://openalex.org/W4391128647","https://openalex.org/W4384916587","https://openalex.org/W2163330330","https://openalex.org/W2088835066","https://openalex.org/W5208102"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,109,253,277],"bending":[1],"angle":[2],"(BA)":[3],"vertical":[4],"profiles":[5,61,249,270],"from":[6,50,88,150,187,194],"two":[7],"recent":[8],"Global":[9],"Navigation":[10],"Satellite":[11,19],"System":[12,23,182],"(GNSS)":[13],"Radio":[14],"Occultation":[15],"(RO)":[16],"missions,":[17],"Formosa":[18],"Mission":[20],"7\u2013Constellation":[21],"Observing":[22],"for":[24,154,167],"Meteorology,":[25],"Ionosphere,":[26],"and":[27,30,71,112,118,137,169,174,190,237],"Climate-2":[28],"(COSMIC-2)":[29],"Spire,":[31],"are":[32,222],"used":[33,258],"to":[34,52,80,234,266,271],"detect":[35],"the":[36,63,77,81,84,89,94,125,133,143,147,151,198,214,225,241,267,273,284,289],"planetary":[37],"boundary":[38],"layer":[39],"height":[40,82],"(PBLH)":[41],"over":[42,107,121,205],"global":[43,64],"oceans.":[44,108],"While":[45],"COSMIC-2":[46,138],"is":[47,232,263,280,291],"mainly":[48],"distributed":[49],"45\u00b0N":[51],"45\u00b0S":[53],"with":[54,97,104,146,192,283],"relatively":[55],"uniform":[56],"temporal":[57],"distribution,":[58],"Spire":[59,136],"RO":[60,78,116,126,144,195,199,219,260,278],"cover":[62],"but":[65],"focus":[66],"on":[67],"2\u20133,":[68],"9\u201310,":[69],"14\u201315,":[70],"21\u201322":[72],"local":[73],"time.":[74],"We":[75,140,244],"compared":[76,142],"PBLH":[79,117,127,145,148,185,200,220,231,261,279],"of":[83,177],"boundary-layer-cloud-top":[85],"(BLCTH),":[86],"derived":[87],"lidar":[90],"measurements":[91],"taken":[92],"by":[93],"Cloud-Aerosol":[95],"Lidar":[96],"Orthogonal":[98],"Polarization":[99],"(CALIOP)":[100],"instrument":[101],"at":[102],"regions":[103],"stratocumulus":[105],"clouds":[106],"remarkable":[110],"consistency":[111,134],"strong":[113],"correlation":[114],"between":[115,135],"BLCTH":[119],"estimations":[120],"tropical-subtropical":[122],"oceans":[123],"confirm":[124],"accuracy.":[128],"These":[129],"results":[130],"also":[131,245,264],"demonstrate":[132],"PBLH.":[139,276],"further":[141],"outputs":[149],"European":[152],"Centre":[153],"Medium-Range":[155],"Weather":[156],"Forecasts":[157],"(ECMWFs)":[158],"Atmospheric":[159],"Reanalysis":[160],"Version":[161,171],"5":[162],"(ERA-5),":[163],"Modern-Era":[164],"Retrospective":[165],"Analysis":[166],"Research":[168],"Applications,":[170],"2":[172],"(MERRA-2),":[173],"National":[175],"Center":[176],"Environmental":[178],"Prediction":[179],"(NCEP)-Climate":[180],"Forecast":[181],"(CFS).":[183],"Consistent":[184],"patterns":[186],"ERA-5,":[188],"MERRA-2,":[189],"CFS":[191],"those":[193],"showed":[196],"that":[197,230],"has":[201],"substantial":[202],"seasonal":[203,211],"variation":[204],"various":[206],"ocean":[207],"basins,":[208],"reflecting":[209],"evident":[210],"evolution":[212],"within":[213],"coupled":[215],"atmosphere-ocean":[216],"system.":[217],"Longitudinal":[218],"variations":[221],"prominent":[223],"in":[224,240,259],"southeastern":[226],"Pacific":[227],"region,":[228],"indicating":[229],"sensitive":[233],"surface":[235],"temperature":[236],"large-scale":[238],"circulations":[239],"mid-upper":[242],"troposphere.":[243],"converted":[246],"ERA-5":[247,268,274,285],"thermal":[248],"into":[250],"BA":[251,269],"profiles.":[252],"minimum":[254],"gradient":[255],"(MG)":[256],"method":[257],"detection":[262],"applied":[265],"derive":[272],"(MGBA)":[275,286],"highly":[281],"consistent":[282],"PBLH,":[287],"while":[288],"latter":[290],"about":[292],"100":[293],"m":[294],"lower.":[295]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2024-11-26T00:00:00"}
