{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4404480523","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2024.3500034","title":"A Multibranch Embedding Network With Bi-Classifier for Few-Shot Ship Classification of SAR Images","display_name":"A Multibranch Embedding Network With Bi-Classifier for Few-Shot Ship Classification of SAR Images","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-11-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4404480523","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2024.3500034"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2024.3500034","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2024.3500034","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069548273","display_name":"Gui Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4596-5829"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4800084","display_name":"Southwest Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hn7w693","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gui Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4596-5829","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033655511","display_name":"Meixiang Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4800084","display_name":"Southwest Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hn7w693","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Meixiang Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9615-4613","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101422918","display_name":"Ping Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2611-0059"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4800084","display_name":"Southwest Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hn7w693","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ping Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2611-0059","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084357635","display_name":"Libo Yao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8110-0211"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28813325","display_name":"Civil Aviation University of China","ror":"https://ror.org/03je71k37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28813325"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Libo Yao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Information Fusion, Naval Aviation University of China, Yantai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Information Fusion, Naval Aviation University of China, Yantai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28813325"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100430808","display_name":"Xi Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7907-6363"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I211433327","display_name":"Ministry of Natural Resources","ror":"https://ror.org/02kxqx159","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I211433327","https://openalex.org/I4210127390"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114556","display_name":"First Institute of Oceanography","ror":"https://ror.org/01y34t753","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I211433327","https://openalex.org/I4210114556","https://openalex.org/I4210127390"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xi Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Marine Physics and Remote Sensing, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, China","First Institute of Oceanography, Laboratory of Marine Physics and Remote Sensing, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7907-6363","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Marine Physics and Remote Sensing, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I211433327","https://openalex.org/I4210114556"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"First Institute of Oceanography, Laboratory of Marine Physics and Remote Sensing, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I211433327","https://openalex.org/I4210114556"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015155189","display_name":"Heng-Chao Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9735-570X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4800084","display_name":"Southwest Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hn7w693","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hengchao Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9735-570X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069185332","display_name":"Gaosheng Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5230-1428"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16609230","display_name":"Hunan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05htk5m33","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gaosheng Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electrical and Information Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5230-1428","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electrical and Information Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.9432,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96498871,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"63","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"15"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11698","display_name":"Underwater Acoustics Research","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11698","display_name":"Underwater Acoustics Research","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9922999739646912,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":0.9674999713897705,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6538641452789307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6483915448188782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contextual-image-classification","display_name":"Contextual image classification","score":0.6460675597190857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.6230283975601196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.5891014933586121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.5616576671600342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedding","display_name":"Embedding","score":0.5033428072929382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.4793877601623535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.4514743387699127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.33659595251083374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.23403242230415344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.16175630688667297}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6538641452789307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6483915448188782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75294576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165192","display_name":"Contextual image classification","level":3,"score":0.6460675597190857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6230283975601196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.5891014933586121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.5616576671600342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.5033428072929382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.4793877601623535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.4514743387699127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.33659595251083374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.23403242230415344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.16175630688667297}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2024.3500034","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2024.3500034","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5652913020","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U24A20589","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8324780355","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2023NSFSC1974","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":52,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2079299474","https://openalex.org/W2292481059","https://openalex.org/W2805508018","https://openalex.org/W2883305476","https://openalex.org/W2904218366","https://openalex.org/W2962841246","https://openalex.org/W2964105864","https://openalex.org/W2979689312","https://openalex.org/W2990641522","https://openalex.org/W3000436394","https://openalex.org/W3000663543","https://openalex.org/W3012162230","https://openalex.org/W3012255272","https://openalex.org/W3024777248","https://openalex.org/W3034187513","https://openalex.org/W3035163205","https://openalex.org/W3081765370","https://openalex.org/W3107763055","https://openalex.org/W3111057163","https://openalex.org/W3121583704","https://openalex.org/W3167109618","https://openalex.org/W3194531425","https://openalex.org/W3206427184","https://openalex.org/W3208926440","https://openalex.org/W3213042253","https://openalex.org/W4206522033","https://openalex.org/W4210589061","https://openalex.org/W4212841652","https://openalex.org/W4214562728","https://openalex.org/W4214939412","https://openalex.org/W4283156134","https://openalex.org/W4292185452","https://openalex.org/W4296101272","https://openalex.org/W4297911717","https://openalex.org/W4312771536","https://openalex.org/W4312935555","https://openalex.org/W4317796315","https://openalex.org/W4322747009","https://openalex.org/W4352976976","https://openalex.org/W4367359538","https://openalex.org/W4379983660","https://openalex.org/W4386919772","https://openalex.org/W4387250082","https://openalex.org/W4387986596","https://openalex.org/W4388936925","https://openalex.org/W4389459336","https://openalex.org/W4390691915","https://openalex.org/W4392940364","https://openalex.org/W6717697761","https://openalex.org/W6736057607","https://openalex.org/W6743661861","https://openalex.org/W6752232076"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2081900870","https://openalex.org/W2037549926","https://openalex.org/W2345479200","https://openalex.org/W2183306018","https://openalex.org/W4210966920","https://openalex.org/W2156233651","https://openalex.org/W2005234362","https://openalex.org/W2550009779","https://openalex.org/W1997235926","https://openalex.org/W2565656575"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Ship":[0],"classification":[1,37,181],"in":[2,11,26,194,198],"synthetic":[3],"aperture":[4],"radar":[5],"(SAR)":[6],"images":[7],"is":[8],"a":[9,33,82,187,208],"challenge":[10],"the":[12,18,42,47,50,54,58,64,67,77,90,116,123,130,148,156,160,167,171,179,195,203,220,235,247],"field":[13],"of":[14,44,53,81,92,129,191,205,211],"ocean":[15],"monitoring.":[16],"On":[17,46],"one":[19],"hand,":[20,49],"there":[21],"are":[22,71],"few":[23],"labeled":[24,212],"samples":[25,70,193],"SAR":[27,55,68,112],"remote":[28],"sensing":[29],"ship":[30,56,69,83,113],"datasets,":[31],"and":[32,57,109,136,150,174,178,223,227,231,234,241,250],"commonly":[34],"used":[35],"single":[36],"criterion":[38],"cannot":[39,84],"effectively":[40,86,154,201],"represent":[41,166,202],"distribution":[43,190,204],"categories.":[45],"other":[48],"small":[51,209],"size":[52],"inconspicuous":[59],"appearance":[60],"characteristics":[61],"lead":[62],"to":[63,105,121,143,165,185,200,246],"fact":[65],"that":[66],"with":[72,99,207],"less":[73],"discriminative":[74,145],"information;":[75],"therefore,":[76],"rich":[78],"feature":[79,125,157,196],"space":[80,197],"be":[85],"obtained,":[87],"which":[88,153],"increases":[89],"difficulty":[91],"target":[93],"distinguishability.":[94],"A":[95],"multibranch":[96],"embedding":[97],"network":[98],"bi-classifier":[100],"(MBEN-BC)":[101],"model":[102],"was":[103,119,163,216],"proposed":[104],"address":[106],"these":[107],"problems":[108],"for":[110],"few-shot":[111,252],"classification.":[114],"First,":[115],"MBEN":[117],"module":[118,162],"utilized":[120],"extract":[122],"multiscale":[124],"map":[126],"spatial":[127],"information":[128,139],"input":[131],"image":[132,168,172],"at":[133,147],"multiple":[134],"levels":[135],"establish":[137],"cross-channel":[138],"interaction":[140],"so":[141],"as":[142],"obtain":[144],"features":[146,169],"local":[149],"global":[151],"levels,":[152],"enriched":[155],"space.":[158],"Then,":[159],"BC":[161],"constructed":[164],"from":[170],"level":[173],"descriptor":[175],"level,":[176],"respectively,":[177],"two":[180],"criteria":[182],"were":[183],"presented":[184],"promote":[186],"more":[188],"compact":[189],"similar":[192],"order":[199],"categories":[206],"number":[210],"samples.":[213],"Experimental":[214],"validation":[215],"carried":[217],"out":[218],"using":[219],"FUSAR-Ship,":[221],"Moving":[222],"Stationary":[224],"Target":[225],"Acquisition":[226],"Recognition":[228],"(MSTAR)":[229],"dataset,":[230,233],"OPENSAR-Ship":[232],"MBEN-BC":[236],"method":[237],"achieved":[238],"superior":[239],"performance":[240],"good":[242],"generalization":[243],"ability":[244],"compared":[245],"current":[248],"popular":[249],"state-of-the-art":[251],"methods.":[253]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":12}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
