{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4404101640","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2024.3492256","title":"SCAFNet: Semantic-Guided Cascade Adaptive Fusion Network for Infrared Small Target Detection","display_name":"SCAFNet: Semantic-Guided Cascade Adaptive Fusion Network for Infrared Small Target Detection","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4404101640","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2024.3492256"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2024.3492256","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2024.3492256","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033395835","display_name":"Shizhou Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3429-576X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shizhou Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115590020","display_name":"Zhang Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhang Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Software Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089584286","display_name":"Yinghui Xing","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6021-8261"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yinghui Xing","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100296928","display_name":"Liangkui Lin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210088244","display_name":"Shanghai Micro Satellite Engineering Center","ror":"https://ror.org/003cp7918","country_code":"CN","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210088244"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liangkui Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Institute of Satellite Engineering, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Institute of Satellite Engineering, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210088244"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077137273","display_name":"Xiaoting Su","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2501-0606"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoting Su","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028235866","display_name":"Yanning Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2977-8057"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanning Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5033395835"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":15.595,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98677864,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"62","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"12"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12389","display_name":"Infrared Target Detection Methodologies","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12389","display_name":"Infrared Target Detection Methodologies","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14257","display_name":"Advanced Measurement and Detection Methods","score":0.9409999847412109,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11637","display_name":"Advanced Semiconductor Detectors and Materials","score":0.9258000254631042,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.643302321434021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cascade","display_name":"Cascade","score":0.6232194304466248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/infrared","display_name":"Infrared","score":0.5058250427246094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensor-fusion","display_name":"Sensor fusion","score":0.4966807961463928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fusion","display_name":"Fusion","score":0.47759461402893066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.46294936537742615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.4276861548423767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.12226423621177673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.10307130217552185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/astronomy","display_name":"Astronomy","score":0.08292549848556519}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.643302321434021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34146451","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5048094","display_name":"Cascade","level":2,"score":0.6232194304466248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158355884","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11388","display_name":"Infrared","level":2,"score":0.5058250427246094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33954974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q486494","display_name":"Sensor fusion","level":2,"score":0.4966807961463928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158525013","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2593739","display_name":"Fusion","level":2,"score":0.47759461402893066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.46294936537742615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.4276861548423767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.12226423621177673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.10307130217552185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.08292549848556519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2024.3492256","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2024.3492256","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4699999988079071,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1584941972","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62201467","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3084392947","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2023M742842","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4479186740","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62101453","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6497952432","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2024ZC-KJXX-043","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320330405","funder_display_name":"Zigong Science and Technology Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7740149046","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022TQ0260","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0426zh255"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320330405","display_name":"Zigong Science and Technology Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":60,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W1978993121","https://openalex.org/W1992873714","https://openalex.org/W2041560658","https://openalex.org/W2158479002","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2341998679","https://openalex.org/W2407220925","https://openalex.org/W2544366167","https://openalex.org/W2550553598","https://openalex.org/W2565639579","https://openalex.org/W2578504242","https://openalex.org/W2604768956","https://openalex.org/W2752782242","https://openalex.org/W2780449407","https://openalex.org/W2897261831","https://openalex.org/W2900678331","https://openalex.org/W2963091558","https://openalex.org/W2963857746","https://openalex.org/W2981068491","https://openalex.org/W2991453722","https://openalex.org/W2991758591","https://openalex.org/W3010079414","https://openalex.org/W3034971973","https://openalex.org/W3088317060","https://openalex.org/W3118249006","https://openalex.org/W3118934234","https://openalex.org/W3124866053","https://openalex.org/W3127751679","https://openalex.org/W3138516171","https://openalex.org/W3154206785","https://openalex.org/W3171950886","https://openalex.org/W3211571144","https://openalex.org/W4212863773","https://openalex.org/W4285137940","https://openalex.org/W4285259796","https://openalex.org/W4285804308","https://openalex.org/W4288064706","https://openalex.org/W4289656174","https://openalex.org/W4289752563","https://openalex.org/W4302603755","https://openalex.org/W4304084055","https://openalex.org/W4309475320","https://openalex.org/W4312328958","https://openalex.org/W4313065862","https://openalex.org/W4313506322","https://openalex.org/W4313855947","https://openalex.org/W4317794940","https://openalex.org/W4323338432","https://openalex.org/W4365420633","https://openalex.org/W4375947500","https://openalex.org/W4378965865","https://openalex.org/W4382401167","https://openalex.org/W4382999123","https://openalex.org/W4386119360","https://openalex.org/W4387951721","https://openalex.org/W4391376377","https://openalex.org/W4392903273","https://openalex.org/W4401506603","https://openalex.org/W6803626902"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2153719181","https://openalex.org/W1971748923","https://openalex.org/W1566155057","https://openalex.org/W2060986072","https://openalex.org/W2052574922","https://openalex.org/W64588465","https://openalex.org/W2132659060","https://openalex.org/W2031992971","https://openalex.org/W3214791684","https://openalex.org/W2152662039"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Infrared":[0],"small":[1,99,244],"target":[2,10,180,245],"detection":[3,246],"is":[4,15,49,131,236],"a":[5,83,107,138],"crucial":[6],"component":[7],"of":[8,33,61,68,76,98,169,228,233],"infrared":[9,243],"tracking":[11],"and":[12,26,28,41,47,181],"search.":[13],"It":[14,136],"challenging":[16],"due":[17],"to":[18,56,73,90,113,133,144,164,189,217],"the":[19,29,34,39,43,58,65,96,102,119,160,166,170,176,179,182,191,196,214,225,229],"complex":[20],"backgrounds,":[21,27],"low":[22],"contrast":[23],"between":[24,45,178],"targets":[25,40,46,100],"small,":[30],"dim":[31],"nature":[32],"targets.":[35,77],"Therefore,":[36],"effectively":[37],"representing":[38],"enhancing":[42],"distinction":[44,177],"backgrounds":[48],"essential.":[50],"Existing":[51],"deep-learning":[52],"(DL)-based":[53],"methods":[54],"struggle":[55],"capture":[57],"subtle":[59],"details":[60],"weak":[62],"targets,":[63],"neglecting":[64],"complementary":[66],"characteristics":[67],"multilevel":[69],"features,":[70,125],"which":[71,221],"leads":[72],"inaccurate":[74],"localization":[75],"In":[78],"this":[79],"article,":[80],"we":[81,105,209],"propose":[82],"semantic-guided":[84,139],"cascade":[85,140],"adaptive":[86,127],"fusion":[87,128,141,192],"network":[88],"(SCAFNet)":[89],"address":[91],"these":[92],"challenges.":[93],"To":[94],"improve":[95],"representation":[97],"in":[101,223],"deeper":[103],"layers,":[104],"introduce":[106],"multiresolution":[108],"auxiliary":[109],"enhancement":[110],"(MAE)":[111],"encoder":[112],"progressively":[114],"enhance":[115],"detailed":[116,219],"information":[117,203,227],"within":[118],"deep":[120],"features.":[121],"After":[122],"extracting":[123],"multiscale":[124],"an":[126],"(AdaFus)":[129],"decoder":[130],"proposed":[132],"fuse":[134],"them.":[135],"has":[137],"(SGCF)":[142],"module":[143],"integrate":[145],"feature":[146,162,172,198,215],"maps":[147],"at":[148],"three":[149],"different":[150],"resolutions.":[151],"Specifically,":[152],"SGCF":[153],"first":[154],"employs":[155],"rich":[156,201],"semantic":[157,202],"features":[158],"from":[159],"high-level":[161],"map":[163,199,216],"guide":[165,190],"spatial":[167,206],"distribution":[168],"low-level":[171],"maps,":[173],"thereby":[174],"improving":[175],"background.":[183],"Then,":[184],"AdaFus":[185],"weights":[186],"are":[187],"generated":[188],"process,":[193],"ensuring":[194],"that":[195],"final":[197],"combines":[200],"with":[204],"precise":[205],"details.":[207],"Furthermore,":[208],"perform":[210],"long-distance":[211],"modeling":[212],"on":[213,240],"achieve":[218],"reconstruction,":[220],"aids":[222],"restoring":[224],"shape":[226],"target.":[230],"The":[231],"effectiveness":[232],"our":[234],"method":[235],"validated":[237],"through":[238],"experiments":[239],"various":[241],"public":[242],"datasets.":[247]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2024-11-07T00:00:00"}