{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4404057059","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2024.3491826","title":"Conditional Diffusion Model With Spatial-Frequency Refinement for SAR-to-Optical Image Translation","display_name":"Conditional Diffusion Model With Spatial-Frequency Refinement for SAR-to-Optical Image Translation","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4404057059","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2024.3491826"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2024.3491826","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2024.3491826","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011078617","display_name":"Jiang Qin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6949-6556"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jiang Qin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077265199","display_name":"K. W. Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9605-8279"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387153096","display_name":"Computer Vision Center","ror":"https://ror.org/00s0nnj93","country_code":null,"type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387153040","https://openalex.org/I4387153096"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kai Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Vision Center, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Vision Center, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387153096"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000588825","display_name":"Bin Zou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6135-3174"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bin Zou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052182532","display_name":"Lamei Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lamei Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101958996","display_name":"Joost van de Weijer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9656-9706"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387153096","display_name":"Computer Vision Center","ror":"https://ror.org/00s0nnj93","country_code":null,"type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387153040","https://openalex.org/I4387153096"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joost van de Weijer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Vision Center, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Vision Center, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387153096"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5011078617"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.7197,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95449761,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"62","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"14"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13114","display_name":"Image Processing Techniques and Applications","score":0.8230999708175659,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13114","display_name":"Image Processing Techniques and Applications","score":0.8230999708175659,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.6774727702140808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/translation","display_name":"Translation (biology)","score":0.6533673405647278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6383426785469055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diffusion","display_name":"Diffusion","score":0.5437527894973755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-registration","display_name":"Image registration","score":0.49300071597099304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.47123679518699646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.4653288722038269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-imaging","display_name":"Radar imaging","score":0.4295511245727539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.41990023851394653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-resolution","display_name":"Image resolution","score":0.41175058484077454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3976894021034241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3218124806880951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.22638973593711853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.2108781635761261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.11464664340019226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.1080666184425354}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.6774727702140808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149364088","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185917","display_name":"Translation (biology)","level":4,"score":0.6533673405647278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6383426785469055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69357855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q163214","display_name":"Diffusion","level":2,"score":0.5437527894973755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166704113","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q861092","display_name":"Image registration","level":3,"score":0.49300071597099304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.47123679518699646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.4653288722038269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10929652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7279985","display_name":"Radar imaging","level":3,"score":0.4295511245727539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.41990023851394653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205372480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210521","display_name":"Image resolution","level":2,"score":0.41175058484077454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3976894021034241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3218124806880951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.22638973593711853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.2108781635761261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.11464664340019226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1080666184425354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105580179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188928","display_name":"Messenger RNA","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2024.3491826","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2024.3491826","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6812258156","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"202306120145","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322725","funder_display_name":"China Scholarship Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7614744860","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62271172","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322725","display_name":"China Scholarship Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04atp4p48"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":81,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W2144851790","https://openalex.org/W2168356304","https://openalex.org/W2621526417","https://openalex.org/W2786355301","https://openalex.org/W2810454813","https://openalex.org/W2962785568","https://openalex.org/W2962974533","https://openalex.org/W2963073614","https://openalex.org/W2963351448","https://openalex.org/W2963675401","https://openalex.org/W2963800363","https://openalex.org/W3096643492","https://openalex.org/W3121370741","https://openalex.org/W3155072588","https://openalex.org/W3164229442","https://openalex.org/W3183600011","https://openalex.org/W3184550728","https://openalex.org/W3189052839","https://openalex.org/W3200963432","https://openalex.org/W3203605797","https://openalex.org/W3215865232","https://openalex.org/W4206750462","https://openalex.org/W4214604401","https://openalex.org/W4224273537","https://openalex.org/W4226437654","https://openalex.org/W4250482878","https://openalex.org/W4283219585","https://openalex.org/W4287029626","https://openalex.org/W4289785045","https://openalex.org/W4292826012","https://openalex.org/W4293584584","https://openalex.org/W4312806975","https://openalex.org/W4312925550","https://openalex.org/W4313072696","https://openalex.org/W4320930577","https://openalex.org/W4361230700","https://openalex.org/W4367146570","https://openalex.org/W4377261730","https://openalex.org/W4377864980","https://openalex.org/W4384009339","https://openalex.org/W4385147506","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W4385291271","https://openalex.org/W4385801691","https://openalex.org/W4386071831","https://openalex.org/W4386075678","https://openalex.org/W4386590621","https://openalex.org/W4387011056","https://openalex.org/W4387250082","https://openalex.org/W4388430573","https://openalex.org/W4388936925","https://openalex.org/W4389076240","https://openalex.org/W4390026323","https://openalex.org/W4390819712","https://openalex.org/W4390873054","https://openalex.org/W4390873752","https://openalex.org/W4390874458","https://openalex.org/W4392449482","https://openalex.org/W4394007658","https://openalex.org/W4394564089","https://openalex.org/W4394744634","https://openalex.org/W4396783508","https://openalex.org/W4399154365","https://openalex.org/W4400062042","https://openalex.org/W4402569824","https://openalex.org/W4403791982","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6750227808","https://openalex.org/W6755308174","https://openalex.org/W6775642233","https://openalex.org/W6779823529","https://openalex.org/W6783713337","https://openalex.org/W6795288823","https://openalex.org/W6840155194","https://openalex.org/W6841366371","https://openalex.org/W6846598164","https://openalex.org/W6850576684","https://openalex.org/W6851972558","https://openalex.org/W6855261814","https://openalex.org/W6857140470"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2008518276","https://openalex.org/W2545123933","https://openalex.org/W2585813813","https://openalex.org/W2041414401","https://openalex.org/W2152662390","https://openalex.org/W2042726296","https://openalex.org/W2096748030","https://openalex.org/W3016428515","https://openalex.org/W2160730947","https://openalex.org/W2747205507"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"presence":[1],"of":[2,15,106,218],"speckles":[3],"and":[4,30,41,55,92,98,108,162,168,187,194,209,220,245],"geometric":[5,51],"distortions":[6],"poses":[7],"a":[8,27,150,215],"serious":[9],"challenge":[10],"to":[11,111,132,158,190],"the":[12,88,176,197,202,206,210,231],"visual":[13],"interpretation":[14],"synthetic":[16],"aperture":[17],"radar":[18],"(SAR)":[19],"images.":[20,199],"SAR-to-optical":[21],"(S2O)":[22],"image":[23,83],"translation":[24,46,227],"technology":[25],"provides":[26],"feasible":[28],"solution":[29],"has":[31],"attracted":[32],"increasing":[33],"attention.":[34],"Restricted":[35],"by":[36,118],"substantial":[37],"gaps":[38],"between":[39,90],"optical":[40],"SAR":[42,119,124],"images,":[43,58,120],"current":[44],"S2O":[45,82,146],"methods":[47],"unavoidably":[48],"result":[49],"in":[50,95,104,140,184,196,224,241,250],"distortions,":[52],"target":[53],"missing,":[54],"generating":[56],"low-fidelity":[57],"thereby":[59,137],"limiting":[60],"subsequent":[61],"cross-modal":[62,251],"applications.":[63,253],"In":[64,148,235],"this":[65],"article,":[66],"we":[67,121],"propose":[68],"an":[69,123],"augmented":[70],"conditional":[71,135],"denoising":[72,130],"diffusion":[73],"probabilistic":[74],"model":[75],"with":[76,129],"spatial-frequency":[77,151,178],"refinement":[78,179,183],"(SFDiff)":[79],"for":[80,145],"high-fidelity":[81],"translation.":[84,147],"SFDiff":[85,139,172,213,237],"progressively":[86],"narrows":[87],"gap":[89],"synthesized":[91,198],"real":[93],"images":[94],"both":[96,185],"spatial":[97,114,160,186],"frequency":[99,166,188],"perspectives,":[100],"showcasing":[101],"notable":[102],"performance":[103,240],"terms":[105],"quality":[107],"consistency.":[109],"Specifically,":[110],"incorporate":[112],"rich":[113],"content":[115,192,219],"priors":[116],"provided":[117],"design":[122],"context":[125],"prior":[126],"extractor":[127],"(SCPE)":[128],"enhancement":[131],"extract":[133],"multiscale":[134],"representations,":[136],"aiding":[138],"capturing":[141],"more":[142],"descriptive":[143],"cues":[144],"addition,":[149],"complementary":[152],"learning":[153],"(SFCL)":[154],"module":[155],"is":[156,173,248],"designed":[157],"learn":[159],"semantics":[161],"simultaneously":[163],"enhances":[164],"informative":[165],"components":[167],"global":[169],"dependencies.":[170],"Furthermore,":[171],"optimized":[174],"using":[175],"joint":[177],"loss,":[180],"facilitating":[181],"iterative":[182],"domains":[189],"enhance":[191],"consistency":[193],"fidelity":[195],"Based":[200],"on":[201],"experimental":[203],"findings":[204],"from":[205],"UNICORN":[207],"dataset":[208],"SEN12":[211],"dataset,":[212],"maintains":[214],"high":[216],"level":[217],"structural":[221],"consistency,":[222],"resulting":[223],"visually":[225],"appealing":[226],"results":[228],"that":[229],"surpass":[230],"state-of-the-art":[232],"(SOTA)":[233],"methods.":[234],"particular,":[236],"exhibits":[238],"excellent":[239],"preserving":[242],"small":[243],"targets":[244],"details,":[246],"which":[247],"crucial":[249],"detection":[252]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":12}],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}