{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4402451547","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2024.3458061","title":"Uncertainty of Pure Rotational Raman-Rayleigh LiDAR for Temperature Measurement in Middle-to-Upper Atmosphere: Simulation Method","display_name":"Uncertainty of Pure Rotational Raman-Rayleigh LiDAR for Temperature Measurement in Middle-to-Upper Atmosphere: Simulation Method","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4402451547","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2024.3458061"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2024.3458061","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2024.3458061","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100762805","display_name":"Siying Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2708-6559"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Siying Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","School of Optics and Photonics, Bei-jing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Optics and Photonics, Bei-jing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024546136","display_name":"Rongzheng Cao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5537-9853"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rongzheng Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5537-9853","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027009721","display_name":"Wangshu Tan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9910-9692"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wangshu Tan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9910-9692","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103167622","display_name":"Y. H. Xie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6031-3426"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yixuan Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100327676","display_name":"He Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5441-6752"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"He Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","School of Optics and Photonics, Bei-jing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Optics and Photonics, Bei-jing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063110896","display_name":"Pan Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3800-2952"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pan Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113378364","display_name":"Yinghong Yu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yinghong Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107868685","display_name":"Jie Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5415-4891"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jie Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111323395","display_name":"Shusen Yao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802939634","display_name":"Chinese PLA General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04gw3ra78","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802939634"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shusen Yao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Medical Supplies Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical Supplies Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802939634"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6789,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.68114658,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"62","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"14"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10347","display_name":"Atmospheric aerosols and clouds","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10347","display_name":"Atmospheric aerosols and clouds","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11111","display_name":"Spectroscopy and Laser Applications","score":0.98580002784729,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1607","display_name":"Spectroscopy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12019","display_name":"Calibration and Measurement Techniques","score":0.9501000046730042,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lidar","display_name":"Lidar","score":0.8137879371643066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atmosphere","display_name":"Atmosphere (unit)","score":0.7990456819534302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rayleigh-scattering","display_name":"Rayleigh scattering","score":0.6713842749595642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atmospheric-model","display_name":"Atmospheric model","score":0.6640651822090149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.6193264722824097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atmospheric-temperature","display_name":"Atmospheric temperature","score":0.5316940546035767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.5240933299064636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/temperature-measurement","display_name":"Temperature measurement","score":0.5052388310432434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/raman-spectroscopy","display_name":"Raman spectroscopy","score":0.42648816108703613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/measurement-uncertainty","display_name":"Measurement uncertainty","score":0.42388206720352173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atmospheric-sciences","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","score":0.4146263897418976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.38552355766296387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.34364649653434753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.29082369804382324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.20925027132034302}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51399673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504027","display_name":"Lidar","level":2,"score":0.8137879371643066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65440619","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177974","display_name":"Atmosphere (unit)","level":2,"score":0.7990456819534302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46244369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193709","display_name":"Rayleigh scattering","level":2,"score":0.6713842749595642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118365302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4817115","display_name":"Atmospheric model","level":2,"score":0.6640651822090149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.6193264722824097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C607359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q845339","display_name":"Atmospheric temperature","level":2,"score":0.5316940546035767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5240933299064636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72293138","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909741","display_name":"Temperature measurement","level":2,"score":0.5052388310432434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40003534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q862228","display_name":"Raman spectroscopy","level":2,"score":0.42648816108703613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137209882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1403517","display_name":"Measurement uncertainty","level":2,"score":0.42388206720352173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91586092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q757520","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","level":1,"score":0.4146263897418976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.38552355766296387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.34364649653434753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.29082369804382324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.20925027132034302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2024.3458061","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2024.3458061","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7099999785423279,"display_name":"Climate action","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1317853430","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020M680369","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1586385542","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020M680369","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8832380323","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42205136","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0426zh255"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":51,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W130124971","https://openalex.org/W1625021374","https://openalex.org/W1665063918","https://openalex.org/W1879790698","https://openalex.org/W1904393523","https://openalex.org/W1972252483","https://openalex.org/W1975765452","https://openalex.org/W1975813217","https://openalex.org/W1979297033","https://openalex.org/W1996109133","https://openalex.org/W1998410206","https://openalex.org/W2006232752","https://openalex.org/W2013247573","https://openalex.org/W2015015228","https://openalex.org/W2028892603","https://openalex.org/W2042748717","https://openalex.org/W2044104363","https://openalex.org/W2067724780","https://openalex.org/W2076306601","https://openalex.org/W2081051926","https://openalex.org/W2083035997","https://openalex.org/W2085049884","https://openalex.org/W2087955451","https://openalex.org/W2094943790","https://openalex.org/W2098692875","https://openalex.org/W2110291820","https://openalex.org/W2119434178","https://openalex.org/W2120908687","https://openalex.org/W2122123598","https://openalex.org/W2124045166","https://openalex.org/W2148339138","https://openalex.org/W2158993832","https://openalex.org/W2160282144","https://openalex.org/W2163004221","https://openalex.org/W2168955033","https://openalex.org/W2343724760","https://openalex.org/W2386106671","https://openalex.org/W2494690972","https://openalex.org/W2594776646","https://openalex.org/W2793285761","https://openalex.org/W2808624749","https://openalex.org/W3125008814","https://openalex.org/W4200599926","https://openalex.org/W4234921936","https://openalex.org/W4243456578","https://openalex.org/W4251032212","https://openalex.org/W4296213094","https://openalex.org/W4385253127","https://openalex.org/W4392306050","https://openalex.org/W4402451547","https://openalex.org/W6606806486"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4309995555","https://openalex.org/W2141315873","https://openalex.org/W2080179804","https://openalex.org/W2144375094","https://openalex.org/W151755354","https://openalex.org/W2057590747","https://openalex.org/W3021758297","https://openalex.org/W1967557282","https://openalex.org/W4200000791","https://openalex.org/W4311916266"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,39,83],"article":[1,84,183],"initiates":[2],"a":[3,26,71,96],"series":[4],"focusing":[5],"on":[6],"the":[7,19,54,59,64,68,78,91,104,108,131,140,148,151,155,170,193],"uncertainties":[8,76],"associated":[9],"with":[10],"temperature":[11,32,55,74,106],"measurements":[12],"using":[13,34],"pure":[14,35],"rotational":[15,36],"Raman-Rayleigh":[16,37],"LiDAR":[17,80,157,206],"in":[18,121,125,154,175,181,185,205],"mid-to-upper":[20],"atmosphere":[21],"(20\u201390":[22],"km).":[23],"We":[24],"introduce":[25],"comprehensive":[27],"simulation":[28,40,72,93,178],"system":[29,41,65,94,203],"designed":[30],"for":[31,67,199],"measurement":[33,75,81,190,195],"LiDARs.":[38,176],"considers":[42],"hardware":[43,200],"parameter":[44,47],"fluctuations,":[45],"atmospheric":[46],"variations,":[48],"and":[49,112,130,202],"detailed":[50],"retrieval":[51],"algorithms":[52],"during":[53,192],"detection":[56],"process.":[57,82],"Using":[58],"Monte":[60],"Carlo":[61],"method":[62,179],"(MCM),":[63],"achieves,":[66],"first":[69],"time,":[70],"of":[73,89,119,139,150,163,172,189],"throughout":[77],"entire":[79,194],"provides":[85],"an":[86],"illustrative":[87],"example":[88],"applying":[90],"uncertainty":[92,120,141,152,164,173,191],"to":[95,146],"prototype.":[97],"In":[98],"this":[99,182],"example,":[100],"photon":[101],"noise":[102],"(PN),":[103],"reference":[105],"(RT),":[107],"laser":[109],"wavelength":[110],"(LW),":[111],"saturation":[113],"correction":[114],"(SC)":[115],"are":[116,143,166],"significant":[117],"sources":[118,188],"Raman":[122],"LiDAR,":[123,127],"whereas":[124],"Rayleigh":[126],"PN,":[128],"SC,":[129],"RT":[132],"play":[133],"major":[134],"roles.":[135],"Additionally,":[136],"sensitivity":[137],"experiments":[138],"components":[142],"carried":[144],"out":[145],"analyze":[147],"linearity":[149],"propagation":[153,174],"two":[156,160],"systems.":[158],"Then,":[159],"special":[161],"cases":[162],"coupling":[165],"discussed,":[167],"which":[168],"reveals":[169],"complexity":[171],"The":[177],"proposed":[180],"aids":[184],"identifying":[186],"key":[187],"process,":[196],"offering":[197],"insights":[198],"selection":[201],"design":[204],"development.":[207]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-12-21T01:58:51.020947","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
