{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4402436637","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2024.3457893","title":"Multitask Learning-Driven Physics-Guided Deep Learning Magnetotelluric Inversion","display_name":"Multitask Learning-Driven Physics-Guided Deep Learning Magnetotelluric Inversion","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4402436637","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2024.3457893"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2024.3457893","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2024.3457893","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058315243","display_name":"Wei Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1541-4153"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121296143","display_name":"Hunan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02m9vrb24","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121296143"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Mineral Resources Exploration Equipment and Safety Technology and the School of Mechanical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1541-4153","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Mineral Resources Exploration Equipment and Safety Technology and the School of Mechanical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121296143"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101407165","display_name":"He Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6497-6673"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"He Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geosciences and Info-Physics and the Key Laboratory of Metallogenic Prediction of Nonferrous Metals and Geological Environment Monitoring, Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, China","School of Geosciences and Info-Physics and the Key Laboratory of Metallogenic Prediction of Nonferrous Metals and Geological Environment Monitoring (Ministry of Education), Central South University, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geosciences and Info-Physics and the Key Laboratory of Metallogenic Prediction of Nonferrous Metals and Geological Environment Monitoring, Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geosciences and Info-Physics and the Key Laboratory of Metallogenic Prediction of Nonferrous Metals and Geological Environment Monitoring (Ministry of Education), Central South University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114195592","display_name":"Zhenzhu Xi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8239-9489"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhenzhu Xi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geosciences and Info-Physics and the Key Laboratory of Metallogenic Prediction of Nonferrous Metals and Geological Environment Monitoring, Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, China","School of Geosciences and Info-Physics and the Key Laboratory of Metallogenic Prediction of Nonferrous Metals and Geological Environment Monitoring (Ministry of Education), Central South University, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8239-9489","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geosciences and Info-Physics and the Key Laboratory of Metallogenic Prediction of Nonferrous Metals and Geological Environment Monitoring, Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geosciences and Info-Physics and the Key Laboratory of Metallogenic Prediction of Nonferrous Metals and Geological Environment Monitoring (Ministry of Education), Central South University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115588254","display_name":"Liang Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7673-7272"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3125743391","display_name":"China University of Geosciences (Beijing)","ror":"https://ror.org/04q6c7p66","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3125743391"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liang Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hunan 5D Geosciences Company Ltd., Changsha, China","Hunan 5D Geosciences Co., Ltd, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hunan 5D Geosciences Company Ltd., Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3125743391"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hunan 5D Geosciences Co., Ltd, Changsha, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100630346","display_name":"Chaoyang Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8095-399X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121296143","display_name":"Hunan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02m9vrb24","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121296143"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chaoyang Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Electrical Engineering, the College of Artificial Intelligence and Hunan Key Laboratory of Intelligent Control and Maintenance for Complex Systems, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, China","School of Information and Electrical Engineering, the College of Artificial Intelligence, and the Hunan Key Laboratory of Intelligent Control and Maintenance for Complex Systems, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8095-399X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Electrical Engineering, the College of Artificial Intelligence and Hunan Key Laboratory of Intelligent Control and Maintenance for Complex Systems, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121296143"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Electrical Engineering, the College of Artificial Intelligence, and the Hunan Key Laboratory of Intelligent Control and Maintenance for Complex Systems, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121296143"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109534699","display_name":"Tao Guo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tao Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geosciences and Info-Physics and the Key Laboratory of Metallogenic Prediction of Nonferrous Metals and Geological Environment Monitoring, Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, China","School of Geosciences and Info-Physics and the Key Laboratory of Metallogenic Prediction of Nonferrous Metals and Geological Environment Monitoring (Ministry of Education), Central South University, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geosciences and Info-Physics and the Key Laboratory of Metallogenic Prediction of Nonferrous Metals and Geological Environment Monitoring, Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geosciences and Info-Physics and the Key Laboratory of Metallogenic Prediction of Nonferrous Metals and Geological Environment Monitoring (Ministry of Education), Central South University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111322772","display_name":"Maoshan Yan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maoshan Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geosciences and Info-Physics and the Key Laboratory of Metallogenic Prediction of Nonferrous Metals and Geological Environment Monitoring, Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, China","School of Geosciences and Info-Physics and the Key Laboratory of Metallogenic Prediction of Nonferrous Metals and Geological Environment Monitoring (Ministry of Education), Central South University, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geosciences and Info-Physics and the Key Laboratory of Metallogenic Prediction of Nonferrous Metals and Geological Environment Monitoring, Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geosciences and Info-Physics and the Key Laboratory of Metallogenic Prediction of Nonferrous Metals and Geological Environment Monitoring (Ministry of Education), Central South University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115590690","display_name":"Tongtong Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-0408-7556"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tongtong Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geosciences and Info-Physics and the Key Laboratory of Metallogenic Prediction of Nonferrous Metals and Geological Environment Monitoring, Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, China","School of Geosciences and Info-Physics and the Key Laboratory of Metallogenic Prediction of Nonferrous Metals and Geological Environment Monitoring (Ministry of Education), Central South University, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geosciences and Info-Physics and the Key Laboratory of Metallogenic Prediction of Nonferrous Metals and Geological Environment Monitoring, Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geosciences and Info-Physics and the Key Laboratory of Metallogenic Prediction of Nonferrous Metals and Geological Environment Monitoring (Ministry of Education), Central South University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.5022,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88480845,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"62","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"16"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10572","display_name":"Geophysical and Geoelectrical Methods","score":0.9829000234603882,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1908","display_name":"Geophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10572","display_name":"Geophysical and Geoelectrical Methods","score":0.9829000234603882,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1908","display_name":"Geophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9462000131607056,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13650","display_name":"Computational Physics and Python Applications","score":0.9059000015258789,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnetotellurics","display_name":"Magnetotellurics","score":0.830902099609375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inversion","display_name":"Inversion (geology)","score":0.6387131214141846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.5091530680656433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4425404965877533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multi-task-learning","display_name":"Multi-task learning","score":0.4356670379638672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.43255722522735596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geophysics","display_name":"Geophysics","score":0.37166541814804077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.35748451948165894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.34849920868873596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3343120217323303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.15751701593399048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seismology","display_name":"Seismology","score":0.13798579573631287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.12658217549324036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-engineering","display_name":"Systems engineering","score":0.12481597065925598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-resistivity-and-conductivity","display_name":"Electrical resistivity and conductivity","score":0.10712975263595581}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112313211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1413106","display_name":"Magnetotellurics","level":3,"score":0.830902099609375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1893757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3653001","display_name":"Inversion (geology)","level":3,"score":0.6387131214141846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.5091530680656433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4425404965877533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28006648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6934509","display_name":"Multi-task learning","level":3,"score":0.4356670379638672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.43255722522735596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8058405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46255","display_name":"Geophysics","level":1,"score":0.37166541814804077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.35748451948165894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.34849920868873596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3343120217323303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.15751701593399048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165205528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83371","display_name":"Seismology","level":1,"score":0.13798579573631287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.12658217549324036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.12481597065925598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69990965","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65402698","display_name":"Electrical resistivity and conductivity","level":2,"score":0.10712975263595581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77928131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193343","display_name":"Tectonics","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2024.3457893","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2024.3457893","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1337021835","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022YFC2805901","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G355554668","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DJ-HXGG-2023-16","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329056","funder_display_name":"China Electric Power Research Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8823041833","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022YFC2903404","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329056","display_name":"China Electric Power Research Institute","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W1973303079","https://openalex.org/W1975551669","https://openalex.org/W2013459156","https://openalex.org/W2021256246","https://openalex.org/W2066331536","https://openalex.org/W2086236003","https://openalex.org/W2098712263","https://openalex.org/W2108064160","https://openalex.org/W2108982325","https://openalex.org/W2133454905","https://openalex.org/W2380994714","https://openalex.org/W2391839529","https://openalex.org/W2511343645","https://openalex.org/W2776585113","https://openalex.org/W2810372792","https://openalex.org/W2968094316","https://openalex.org/W3003964717","https://openalex.org/W3041523127","https://openalex.org/W3113605993","https://openalex.org/W3138516171","https://openalex.org/W3159428095","https://openalex.org/W3196404030","https://openalex.org/W3202793667","https://openalex.org/W3205893475","https://openalex.org/W4214629132","https://openalex.org/W4224281859","https://openalex.org/W4281258906","https://openalex.org/W4283808523","https://openalex.org/W4293147659","https://openalex.org/W4308883462","https://openalex.org/W4312349930","https://openalex.org/W4322490774","https://openalex.org/W4362500580","https://openalex.org/W4385757733","https://openalex.org/W4390175104","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6739901393","https://openalex.org/W6755977528"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4322746207","https://openalex.org/W2081467492","https://openalex.org/W2809693971","https://openalex.org/W2973208711","https://openalex.org/W2037493368","https://openalex.org/W3021715158","https://openalex.org/W2793448175","https://openalex.org/W2170190929","https://openalex.org/W2973305940","https://openalex.org/W1993595895"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"An":[0],"ongoing":[1],"trend":[2],"seeking":[3],"to":[4,20,51,164,170,176,196,234],"incorporate":[5],"forward":[6,44,62],"modeling,":[7],"which":[8,57],"involves":[9],"the":[10,17,22,26,39,106,116,119,130,134,137,144,148,151,165,173,203,225,236,241],"physical":[11],"laws":[12],"of":[13,25,61,99,111,186,240],"wave":[14],"propagation,":[15],"into":[16],"network":[18],"architecture":[19],"improve":[21],"generalization":[23],"capability":[24],"deep":[27],"learning":[28,93],"(DL)":[29],"inversion":[30,80,206,222,229,243],"method":[31,81,207,223,244],"has":[32],"showcased":[33],"promising":[34],"applications.":[35],"However,":[36],"directly":[37],"embedding":[38],"time-consuming":[40],"2-D":[41],"magnetotelluric":[42],"(MT)":[43],"modeling":[45],"solved":[46],"by":[47,83,128],"conventional":[48,226],"numerical":[49],"algorithms":[50],"facilitate":[52],"physics-guided":[53,78],"DL":[54,79,87,96,221,242],"MT":[55,155,212,247],"inversion,":[56],"usually":[58],"necessitates":[59],"millions":[60],"operations":[63],"during":[64],"a":[65,77,85,91,184,218],"complete":[66],"training":[67,120],"session,":[68],"is":[69,232],"challenging.":[70],"Hence,":[71],"in":[72,245],"this":[73,181],"work,":[74],"we":[75],"develop":[76],"(PGWNet)":[82],"constructing":[84],"W-shaped":[86],"model":[88,97,131,159],"and":[89,102,114,139,143,153,160,210,214,224,238],"performing":[90],"multitask":[92],"strategy.":[94],"The":[95],"consists":[98],"one":[100],"encoder":[101],"two":[103,107,122],"decoders,":[104],"where":[105],"decoders":[108,123],"are":[109,124,168],"independent":[110],"each":[112],"other":[113],"share":[115],"encoder.":[117,174],"During":[118],"process,":[121],"first":[125],"optimized":[126],"independently":[127],"minimizing":[129],"misfit,":[132,146],"quantifying":[133,147],"discrepancy":[135,149],"between":[136,150],"predicted":[138,152],"labeled":[140,154],"resistivity":[141,189,194],"models,":[142],"data":[145,161,213],"responses,":[156],"respectively.":[157],"When":[158],"misfits":[162],"backpropagate":[163],"encoder,":[166],"they":[167],"combined":[169],"jointly":[171],"optimize":[172],"Moreover,":[175],"ensure":[177],"practical":[178,246],"application":[179],"effect,":[180],"work":[182],"builds":[183],"set":[185],"random":[187],"synthetic":[188,209],"models":[190],"with":[191],"gradually":[192],"varying":[193],"values":[195],"delineate":[197],"realistic":[198],"subsurface":[199],"structures.":[200],"We":[201],"substantiate":[202],"developed":[204],"PGWNet":[205],"using":[208],"actual":[211],"benchmark":[215],"it":[216],"against":[217],"fully":[219],"data-driven":[220],"least-squares":[227],"regularization":[228],"method.":[230],"It":[231],"anticipated":[233],"promote":[235],"practicability":[237],"applicability":[239],"prospecting":[248],"scenarios.":[249]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
