{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4402260965","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2024.3455236","title":"L-Band Full-Wave Simulations of the Effective Permittivity of Bi/Tri-Continuous Media With Applications to Firn Aquifer in Polar Regions and Terrestrial Wet Snow","display_name":"L-Band Full-Wave Simulations of the Effective Permittivity of Bi/Tri-Continuous Media With Applications to Firn Aquifer in Polar Regions and Terrestrial Wet Snow","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4402260965","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2024.3455236"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2024.3455236","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2024.3455236","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073642616","display_name":"Z. Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0099-9558"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan\u2013Ann Arbor","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhenming Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Radiation Laboratory, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Radiation Laboratory, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008773549","display_name":"Haokui Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5924-8903"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan\u2013Ann Arbor","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haokui Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Radiation Laboratory, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Radiation Laboratory, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063469868","display_name":"Firoz Borah","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan\u2013Ann Arbor","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Firoz Borah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Radiation Laboratory, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Radiation Laboratory, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090757725","display_name":"Leung Tsang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3192-2799"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan\u2013Ann Arbor","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leung Tsang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Radiation Laboratory, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Radiation Laboratory, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066249334","display_name":"Brooke Medley","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9838-3665"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1306266525","display_name":"Goddard Space Flight Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0171mag52","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306266525","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Brooke Medley","raw_affiliation_strings":["Earth Sciences Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Earth Sciences Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1306266525"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004567285","display_name":"Joel T. Johnson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6921-6059"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52357470","display_name":"The Ohio State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00rs6vg23","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joel T. Johnson","raw_affiliation_strings":["ElectroScience Laboratory, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ElectroScience Laboratory, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045425028","display_name":"Roger De Roo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8391-2950"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan\u2013Ann Arbor","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Roger D. De Roo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Climate and Space Sciences and Engineering Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Climate and Space Sciences and Engineering Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5073642616"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4345,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.58605499,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"62","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"12"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10644","display_name":"Cryospheric studies and observations","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11333","display_name":"Climate change and permafrost","score":0.9904999732971191,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/firn","display_name":"Firn","score":0.9488836526870728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/snow","display_name":"Snow","score":0.8230220079421997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.720542311668396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polar","display_name":"Polar","score":0.6399340629577637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/permittivity","display_name":"Permittivity","score":0.5337902307510376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.5223401784896851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-equivalent","display_name":"Water equivalent","score":0.4971373379230499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aquifer","display_name":"Aquifer","score":0.4593510925769806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geophysics","display_name":"Geophysics","score":0.32470405101776123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geomorphology","display_name":"Geomorphology","score":0.32333964109420776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dielectric","display_name":"Dielectric","score":0.15558800101280212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.15146079659461975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geotechnical-engineering","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","score":0.1255626082420349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/groundwater","display_name":"Groundwater","score":0.10881346464157104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.08082994818687439}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104730834","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q828861","display_name":"Firn","level":3,"score":0.9488836526870728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197046000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7561","display_name":"Snow","level":2,"score":0.8230220079421997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.720542311668396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29705727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q294562","display_name":"Polar","level":2,"score":0.6399340629577637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168651791","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211569","display_name":"Permittivity","level":3,"score":0.5337902307510376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5223401784896851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018601724","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27862396","display_name":"Water equivalent","level":3,"score":0.4971373379230499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75622301","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208791","display_name":"Aquifer","level":3,"score":0.4593510925769806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8058405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46255","display_name":"Geophysics","level":1,"score":0.32470405101776123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114793014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52109","display_name":"Geomorphology","level":1,"score":0.32333964109420776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133386390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184996","display_name":"Dielectric","level":2,"score":0.15558800101280212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.15146079659461975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.1255626082420349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76177295","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161598","display_name":"Groundwater","level":2,"score":0.10881346464157104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.08082994818687439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2024.3455236","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2024.3455236","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W385663865","https://openalex.org/W1600149912","https://openalex.org/W1607823060","https://openalex.org/W1661217331","https://openalex.org/W1987427200","https://openalex.org/W2014082923","https://openalex.org/W2024557266","https://openalex.org/W2051420562","https://openalex.org/W2062492896","https://openalex.org/W2077199228","https://openalex.org/W2083507309","https://openalex.org/W2098851308","https://openalex.org/W2114002713","https://openalex.org/W2139782007","https://openalex.org/W2144423472","https://openalex.org/W2158792427","https://openalex.org/W2159807964","https://openalex.org/W2162246342","https://openalex.org/W2162673220","https://openalex.org/W2247908989","https://openalex.org/W2290874621","https://openalex.org/W2556993668","https://openalex.org/W2767375425","https://openalex.org/W2773117673","https://openalex.org/W2794629529","https://openalex.org/W2884354284","https://openalex.org/W2888040649","https://openalex.org/W2898223943","https://openalex.org/W2913926638","https://openalex.org/W2979460632","https://openalex.org/W2983240557","https://openalex.org/W3000095025","https://openalex.org/W3013893495","https://openalex.org/W3096289911","https://openalex.org/W3131977282","https://openalex.org/W3202082272","https://openalex.org/W4200265959","https://openalex.org/W4205770786","https://openalex.org/W4213360190","https://openalex.org/W4225078822","https://openalex.org/W4226119064","https://openalex.org/W4294287515","https://openalex.org/W4313466019","https://openalex.org/W4318954066","https://openalex.org/W4390471828","https://openalex.org/W4398230587","https://openalex.org/W4413515410","https://openalex.org/W6868260512"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2326987295","https://openalex.org/W2910852340","https://openalex.org/W2032051073","https://openalex.org/W1991000529","https://openalex.org/W2173563168","https://openalex.org/W2314704010","https://openalex.org/W1556733052","https://openalex.org/W2912517250","https://openalex.org/W4232772724","https://openalex.org/W4200423595"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Full-wave":[0,86],"simulations":[1,19,57],"of":[2,6,65,68,133,144],"the":[3,31,45,81,94,117,121,139],"effective":[4,46],"permittivity":[5,47,114],"firn":[7],"aquifer":[8,127,149],"and":[9,30,35,80,97,120,128,148],"wet":[10,129,146],"snow":[11,147],"at":[12],"L-band":[13,140],"are":[14,20,39,58,89,112,124],"reported.":[15],"The":[16,56,102,131],"Monte":[17],"Carlo":[18],"carried":[21],"out":[22],"for":[23,138],"bicontinuous":[24],"media":[25],"embedded":[26],"in":[27,126,150],"a":[28],"sphere,":[29],"scattering":[32],"cross":[33,37],"section":[34,38],"absorption":[36],"calculated.":[40],"By":[41],"averaging":[42],"over":[43],"realizations,":[44],"is":[48,136],"extracted":[49],"by":[50,60],"comparing":[51],"it":[52],"with":[53,91],"Mie":[54],"solutions.":[55],"validated":[59],"using":[61],"three":[62],"numerical":[63],"methods":[64],"3-D":[66],"solutions":[67],"Maxwell":[69],"equations:":[70],"finite":[71,76],"difference":[72],"frequency":[73],"domain":[74],"(FDFD),":[75],"element":[77],"method":[78],"(FEM),":[79],"discrete":[82],"dipole":[83],"approximation":[84],"(DDA).":[85],"simulation":[87],"results":[88,103,135],"compared":[90],"those":[92],"from":[93,107],"classical":[95],"Maxwell\u2013Garnett":[96],"Polder\u2013van":[98],"Santen":[99],"mixing":[100,108],"formulas.":[101],"show":[104],"large":[105,113],"differences":[106],"formulas":[109],"when":[110],"there":[111],"contrasts":[115],"between":[116],"background":[118],"medium":[119],"scatterers,":[122],"which":[123],"scenarios":[125],"snow.":[130],"significance":[132],"these":[134],"examined":[137],"microwave":[141],"remote":[142],"sensing":[143],"terrestrial":[145],"polar":[151],"regions.":[152]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-12-22T23:10:17.713674","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}