{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4401725587","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2024.3447002","title":"An Accurate Retrieval of Cloud Droplet Effective Radius for Single-Wavelength Cloud Radar","display_name":"An Accurate Retrieval of Cloud Droplet Effective Radius for Single-Wavelength Cloud Radar","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4401725587","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2024.3447002"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2024.3447002","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2024.3447002","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033323309","display_name":"Jiajing Du","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76214153","display_name":"Lanzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/01mkqqe32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76214153"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jiajing Du","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory for Semi-Arid Climate Change of the Ministry of Education and College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory for Semi-Arid Climate Change of the Ministry of Education and College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76214153"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061797622","display_name":"Jinming Ge","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0815-0065"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76214153","display_name":"Lanzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/01mkqqe32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76214153"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinming Ge","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory for Semi-Arid Climate Change of the Ministry of Education and College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory for Semi-Arid Climate Change of the Ministry of Education and College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76214153"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100458175","display_name":"Chi Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4199-3446"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76214153","display_name":"Lanzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/01mkqqe32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76214153"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chi Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory for Semi-Arid Climate Change of the Ministry of Education and College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory for Semi-Arid Climate Change of the Ministry of Education and College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76214153"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007091162","display_name":"Jing Su","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7645-6499"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76214153","display_name":"Lanzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/01mkqqe32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76214153"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jing Su","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory for Semi-Arid Climate Change of the Ministry of Education and College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory for Semi-Arid Climate Change of the Ministry of Education and College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76214153"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101735200","display_name":"Xiaoyu Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4715-0682"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096250","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Big Data Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00s1sz824","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570","https://openalex.org/I37796252","https://openalex.org/I4210096250"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoyu Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chongqing Research Institute of Big Data, Chongqing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chongqing Research Institute of Big Data, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096250"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005202678","display_name":"Zeen Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4671-5573"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200870766","display_name":"Brookhaven National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/02ex6cf31","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I200870766","https://openalex.org/I39565521","https://openalex.org/I4210142672"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zeen Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Environmental and Climate Sciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Environmental and Climate Sciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200870766"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102013913","display_name":"Qinghao Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1634-7274"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76214153","display_name":"Lanzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/01mkqqe32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76214153"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qinghao Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory for Semi-Arid Climate Change of the Ministry of Education and College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory for Semi-Arid Climate Change of the Ministry of Education and College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76214153"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059939272","display_name":"Jianping Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2845-797X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76214153","display_name":"Lanzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/01mkqqe32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76214153"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianping Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory for Semi-Arid Climate Change of the Ministry of Education and College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory for Semi-Arid Climate Change of the Ministry of Education and College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76214153"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089331155","display_name":"Qiang Fu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5371-8460"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiang Fu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5033323309"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76214153"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8483,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.71951944,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"62","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"11"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10347","display_name":"Atmospheric aerosols and clouds","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10347","display_name":"Atmospheric aerosols and clouds","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11234","display_name":"Precipitation Measurement and Analysis","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10466","display_name":"Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.7896355986595154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/effective-radius","display_name":"Effective radius","score":0.592322587966919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.5716400146484375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.5679721832275391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radius","display_name":"RADIUS","score":0.50193190574646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4495556950569153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.326415479183197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.29978281259536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.2452627420425415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/astronomy","display_name":"Astronomy","score":0.1359264850616455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.09753736853599548}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.7896355986595154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779406902","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1295998","display_name":"Effective radius","level":3,"score":0.592322587966919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5716400146484375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.5679721832275391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178635117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747499","display_name":"RADIUS","level":2,"score":0.50193190574646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4495556950569153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.326415479183197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.29978281259536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.2452627420425415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.1359264850616455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.09753736853599548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98444146","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q318","display_name":"Galaxy","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2024.3447002","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2024.3447002","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2754921055","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"91937302","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G318812616","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42275076","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G68480802","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"lzujbky-2022-ct06","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":59,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W23839035","https://openalex.org/W1415643221","https://openalex.org/W1930393311","https://openalex.org/W1981460510","https://openalex.org/W1984868145","https://openalex.org/W1986919421","https://openalex.org/W1989351359","https://openalex.org/W1990539660","https://openalex.org/W1992566586","https://openalex.org/W1999824329","https://openalex.org/W2013153340","https://openalex.org/W2014879612","https://openalex.org/W2025669240","https://openalex.org/W2060220274","https://openalex.org/W2064943738","https://openalex.org/W2082873674","https://openalex.org/W2088360395","https://openalex.org/W2105553843","https://openalex.org/W2108713113","https://openalex.org/W2134536737","https://openalex.org/W2141998893","https://openalex.org/W2142611335","https://openalex.org/W2146741828","https://openalex.org/W2167221662","https://openalex.org/W2172467887","https://openalex.org/W2175312924","https://openalex.org/W2181227627","https://openalex.org/W2319504665","https://openalex.org/W2460809943","https://openalex.org/W2540743583","https://openalex.org/W2793445063","https://openalex.org/W2793635854","https://openalex.org/W2912955407","https://openalex.org/W2941819511","https://openalex.org/W2949118961","https://openalex.org/W2950570551","https://openalex.org/W2998500935","https://openalex.org/W3003486156","https://openalex.org/W3004692258","https://openalex.org/W3017657026","https://openalex.org/W3096254371","https://openalex.org/W3126443062","https://openalex.org/W3167513912","https://openalex.org/W3177890157","https://openalex.org/W3183224505","https://openalex.org/W3195643112","https://openalex.org/W3197206854","https://openalex.org/W4206555948","https://openalex.org/W4220879284","https://openalex.org/W4225582251","https://openalex.org/W4295151806","https://openalex.org/W4328051163","https://openalex.org/W4362667384","https://openalex.org/W4377235421","https://openalex.org/W4387675377","https://openalex.org/W4388844001","https://openalex.org/W4390392160","https://openalex.org/W6774786261","https://openalex.org/W6892317570"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W4244478748","https://openalex.org/W4223488648","https://openalex.org/W2134969820","https://openalex.org/W2251605416","https://openalex.org/W2046729456","https://openalex.org/W3101195955","https://openalex.org/W3102342482","https://openalex.org/W2400220371","https://openalex.org/W2376008036"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"cloud":[1,16,25,36,39,58,68,108,126,144,163,219,251],"droplets":[2],"effective":[3,26],"radius":[4,27],"is":[5,29,60,172],"a":[6,11,89,121,228],"key":[7],"feature":[8],"that":[9,155],"plays":[10],"critical":[12],"role":[13],"in":[14,200,209,249],"influencing":[15],"microphysical":[17,252],"processes":[18],"and":[19,41,78,107,146,180,191],"radiative":[20],"effects.":[21],"Accurate":[22],"quantification":[23],"of":[24,35,49,80,132,194,246],"(CER)":[28],"essential":[30],"for":[31,94,243],"advancing":[32],"our":[33,247],"understanding":[34],"microphysics,":[37],"refining":[38],"parameterization,":[40],"improving":[42],"future":[43],"climate":[44],"prediction.":[45],"Nonetheless,":[46],"the":[47,67,99,112,118,138,157,161,170,175,181,186,195,218,225,244],"accuracy":[48],"current":[50],"CER":[51,91,171,197,226],"retrieval":[52,92],"algorithms,":[53],"particularly":[54],"relying":[55],"on":[56,125],"millimeter-wavelength":[57],"radar,":[59],"often":[61],"largely":[62],"affected":[63],"by":[64,97,143],"assumptions":[65],"about":[66],"droplet":[69,164],"number":[70],"concentration,":[71],"inappropriate":[72],"empirical":[73,133,215],"coefficients,":[74],"attenuated":[75,142],"radar":[76,96,109,139],"reflectivity,":[77,179],"limitations":[79],"other":[81],"auxiliary":[82],"instruments.":[83],"In":[84],"this":[85],"study,":[86],"we":[87,115,136],"developed":[88],"novel":[90],"algorithm":[93],"single-wavelength":[95],"leveraging":[98],"interconnections":[100],"between":[101],"CER,":[102],"liquid":[103,127],"water":[104,128,145],"content":[105],"(LWC),":[106],"reflectivity.":[110],"Unlike":[111],"previous":[113],"studies,":[114],"first":[116],"derive":[117],"LWC":[119],"from":[120,174,224],"self-consistent":[122],"method":[123,248],"based":[124],"mass":[129],"absorption":[130],"instead":[131],"relationships.":[134],"Subsequently,":[135],"correct":[137],"measured":[140],"reflectivity":[141],"perform":[147],"sensitivity":[148],"analysis":[149],"to":[150,213],"select":[151],"an":[152],"optimal":[153,182],"parameter":[154],"minimizes":[156],"uncertainty":[158],"associated":[159],"with":[160,198,208,232],"given":[162],"size":[165],"distribution":[166],"(DSD)":[167],"assumption.":[168],"Then,":[169],"calculated":[173],"retrieved":[176,196],"LWC,":[177],"corrected":[178],"parameter.":[183],"We":[184],"compared":[185,212],"frequency":[187],"distribution,":[188],"vertical":[189],"structure,":[190],"error":[192],"fraction":[193],"aircraft":[199],"situ":[201,210],"measurements.":[202],"Our":[203],"results":[204],"demonstrate":[205],"higher":[206],"consistency":[207],"data":[211],"traditional":[214],"algorithms.":[216],"Furthermore,":[217],"optical":[220],"thickness":[221],"(COT)":[222],"derived":[223],"shows":[227],"much":[229],"better":[230],"agreement":[231],"Moderate":[233],"Resolution":[234],"Imaging":[235],"Spectroradiometer":[236],"(MODIS)":[237],"products,":[238],"which":[239],"provides":[240],"additional":[241],"validation":[242],"efficacy":[245],"investigating":[250],"properties.":[253]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}